The Russian Revolution, 1905-1921 PDF
Preview The Russian Revolution, 1905-1921
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/9/2016,SPi THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, 1905–1921 SERIESADVISORS GeoffEley,UniversityofMichigan LyndalRoper,UniversityofOxford MarkD.Steinberg, a professor of history at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign,istheauthorofmanybooksandarticles,includingThe Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a Time of Revolution (), Voices of Revolution, (), Proletarian Imagin- ation:Self,Modernity,andtheSacredinRussia,–(),Petersburg Fin-de-Siècle(),andrecenteditionsofthelateNicholasRiasanovsky’s A HistoryofRussia. Hisresearch and teachinginterests includehistories of cities,working-classculture,emotions,violence,revolutions,andutopia. The Russian Revolution, 1905–1921 MARK D. STEINBERG 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/9/2016,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OXDP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©MarkD.Steinberg Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin Impression: Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicence,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber: ISBN ––––(hbk.) ––––(pbk.) PrintedinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Liketherevolutionitself,thehistoryofthisbookhasdeeproots.Itbegan with an intriguing invitation from Christopher Wheeler, an editor at OxfordUniversityPress,tosubmitaproposalforanewseriesofbooks that sought authors with “something fresh to say” about major events andtopicsinhistoryandwhowouldcommunicatetobothstudentsand lay readers the excitement of our changing understandings of the past. Iwashonoredandstimulatedbytheinvitationtowritesuchabookon theRussianRevolutionandamgratefultohimforaskingme. Allscholarship,ofcourse,standsontheshouldersofworkthathasgone before (even if we often kick at those past authors’ heads a bit). This is doubly true of books on topics like the Russian Revolution, which must considertheworkofdozensofaccomplishedhistorians.Ihavetriedtosay somethingdifferentandfresh,tobringadistinctive“attitude”totheproject (as Wheeler asked for in his first announcement), while trying to avoid the convention of demonstrating originality by dissing my elders and colleagues.Icouldnothavewrittenthebookwithoutthehugebodyofexisting researchandinterpretation,fromwhomIhaveborrowedandreworkedagreat deal.In this sense, the notes and the bibliography can be seen as a type of acknowledgmentofpeopletowhomIamindebtedandgrateful. More immediately, I have been reminded again of the generosity of scholars in taking time from their own full lives of research, writing, teaching,andotherworktoreadandcritiquetheworkofothers(wedo so much for so little pay). This book is many times better and more interesting thanks to their criticisms, suggestions, and encouragement. These critical readers include historians and literary scholars, graduate v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS students,andindependentauthors.Somecritiquedearlydraftsofchap- tersatworkshops,especiallytheRussianStudiesCircle(Kruzhok)atthe UniversityofIllinoisandthebiannualMidwestRussianHistoryWork- shop.Morerecently,anumberofindividualswerekindenoughtoagree toreadthewholemanuscriptorpartsofchapters.DianeKoenker,Boris Kolonitsky,RoshannaSylvester,and(SteveSmithasanonymousreader forOxfordUniversityPress)offeredwiseandessentialcriticalreadingsof theentiremanuscript.HeatherColeman,BarbaraEngel,GregoryFreidin, NinaGourianova,AdeebKhalid,HarrietMurav,andChristineWorobec read chapters where they have particular expertise. I am very grateful to themall.ThatIdidnotalwaystaketheirgoodadviceshouldunderscore thefactthat,whileIhavebeeninspiredbysomanyscholars,Iamalone responsibleforwhateveryoumightnotlikeoragreewithinthisbook. Ialsowanttothankmygraduateresearchassistants—AndyBruno,Maria Cristina Galmarini, Stephen Jug, and Jesse Murray—who helped enor- mouslywiththetime-consumingandchallengingtaskofreadingthrough endlessmicrofilmcopiesofRussiannewspapers.Thetalentedlibrariansat theUniversityofIllinoisandtheSlavicReferenceService,especiallyChris- topherCondillandJosephLenkart,solvedmanyresearchproblems,large andsmall,withskillandgenerositywiththeirtime.Iamalsogratefultothe staffattheRussianNationalLibraryinStPetersburg,especiallyAlexander Sapozhnikov,AlexanderKashtaner,andtheircolleaguesin the newspaper division,whereIhavespentagreatdealoftimeovertheyears. At Oxford University Press, Christopher Wheeler, Matthew Cotton, Robert Faber, andCathryn Steele have been a pleasure toworkwith— I thank them all for their intelligence, encouragement, and patience. I am also very grateful for the fine editing, proofreading, indexing, and production work by Jane Robson, Linda Miller, R. A. Marriott, andManikandanChandrasekaran. Finally,thisbookisdedicatedtothememoryofJaneTaylorHedges (–),anextraordinaryscholarlyeditorandmybelovedpartner inlifeformorethanthirty-fiveyearsuntilcancerovercameherstrength andvitality,whichstillsustainsme.SheandIdiscussedeveryideainthis book and she is deeply part of it. And I thank our fabulous son Sasha (also a sharp critic of ideas), and my friends, who have all kept me lookingandlivingforward. vi CONTENTS ListofIllustrations ix Introduction:ExperiencingtheRussianRevolution PART I. DOCUMENTS AND STORIES . SpringtimeofFreedom:WalkingthePast PART II. HISTORIES . Revolution,Uncertainty,andWar . . CivilWar PART III. PLACES AND PEOPLE . PoliticsoftheStreet . WomenandRevolutionintheVillage . OvercomingEmpire . Utopians Conclusion:AnUnfinishedRevolution Bibliography:SelectedReadingsinEnglishonthe RussianRevolution,– Index vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . Soldiersposingbyarmoredvehicle,February. RussianStateArchiveofFilmandPhotographic Documents(Rossiiskiigosudarstvennyiarkhiv kinofotodokumentov),Moscow. . Postcard“FreedomofRussia,”Easter.Department ofPrints,RussianNationalLibrary,StPetersburg.Iamalso gratefultoBorisKolonitskyandEllaSaginadzefor helpinobtainingprintsandpermissionsforFigures and. . Postcard“LongLivetheRepublic,”Easter. DepartmentofPrints,RussianNationalLibrary, StPetersburg. . Women’smarch,March.RussianStateArchive ofFilmandPhotographicDocuments,Moscow. . Soldiers’wivesatwomen’smarch,March.“The RussianRevolution—EventsandPersonalities:AnAlbum ofPhotographs.CollectedbyBessieBeatty.”Unpublished. TheNewYorkPublicLibrary,p.(dateincorrectlystated asApril).SlavicandBalticDivision.TheNewYork PublicLibrary,Astor,LenoxandTildenFoundations. . NikolaiKogout,“Withweaponswedefeatedtheenemy, withlaborwewillwinbread.Everyonetowork,comrades.” Poster,.Publicdomain.CourtesyofVictoriaBonnell. ix
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