The Russian Revolution, 1900-1927

150 Pages·2009·3.951 MB·English

by  Robert Service

TheR ussiaRne volution,
1900-1927
Fourtehd ition
RoberSte rvice
palgrave
macmillan
* © RobeSretr vi1c9e8 61,9 911,9 992,0 09
Alrli ghrtess ervNeod r.e producctoipooynr ,t ransmisosfti hoins
publicamtaiyob nem adew ithowurti ttpeenr mission.
Nop ortiooftn h ipsu blicamtaiyob ner eproduccoepdi,oe rdt ransmitted
savwei twhr ittpeenr missoirio nna ccordawnicteth h ep rovisoifo ns
theC opyrigDhets,i gannsdP atenAtcst1 988o,r u ndetrh et erms anoyf
licenpceer mitting limiitsesdu becydot phyeCi onpgy riLgihcte nsing
AgencSya,f frHoonu s6e�,1 K0i rbSyt reLeotn,d oEnC 1N8 TS.
Anyp ersownho d oeasn yu nauthoraicztie nrd e lattioot nh ipsu blication
mayb el iabtloce r imipnraols ecuatnidoc ni vcilla ifmosdr a mages.
Thea uthhoars a sserhtiersdi gthotb ei dentiafsit ehdea uthoorft his
worki na ccordawnicteth h eC opyrigDhets,i gannsdP atenAtcst1 988.
Firesdti ti1o9n8 6
Seconedd iti1o9n9 1
Thiredd iti1o9n9 9
Fouretdhi tipounb lis2h0e0d9b y
PALGRAVMEA CMILLAN
PalgrMaavcem illiantn h eU Ki sa ni mprionfMt a cmillPaunb lishers
Limitreedg,i stienrE endg lacnodm,p annyu mbe7r8 599o8f,H oundmills,
BasingstHoakmep,s hiRrGe2 16 XS.
PalgrMaavcem illiantn h eU Si sa d ivisoifoS ntM artiPnr'essL sL C,
175F ifAtvhe nuNee,w Y orkNY, 10010.
PalgrMaavcem illiastn h eg lobaacla demiimcp rionftt h ea bovceo mpanies
andh asc ompaniaensdr epresentatives tthhewr oorulgdh.o ut
PalgraavnedM® a cmillaarner® e gistterraedde mairntk hse U niteSdt ates,
theU nitKeidn gdoEmu,r opaen do thecro untries
ISBN1�3 :9 78�0�230-220p4a0p-e9r back
ISBN�100-:2 30-22040-1p aperback
Thibso oki sp rintoenpd a pesru itafbolrree cyclainndmg a def rom
fulmlayn ageadn ds ustaifnoerde ssotu rcLeosg.g ipnugl,p ianngd
manufactuprrioncge sasreees x pectteocd o nfotromt hee nvironmental
regulatoifto hnesc ountorfyo rigin.
A catalorgeuceo frodtr h ibso oki sa vailafbrloetm h eB ritLiisbhr ary.
A catalroegc ofrodtr h ibso oki sa vailafbrloetm h eL ibraorfCy o ngress.
Contents
EditPorresf'a ce
Vll
LiosfCt a rtoons
V111
LiosfMt a ps
IX
Preface
X
Introduction
1
UnstaSbtlreu cture,
1 1900-1914 14
StP eterasnbdu rwtgoh reil n1d 0 90 16
TheR omanmoovn arbceohfry1e 09 5 18
Econopmriocsg sr e 22
Thetr ansfoofrI mmipineagrl society 24
Socdiiaslc ontents 28
Poliutpihceaal1v 09a-5l10:96 30
Theli moiftt hsre e mgei'asd aptiveness 33
Socrieasli laineidnn cset itgurtoiwotnha l 35
Econopmriocb lbeemfso1 r9e1 4 38
Poliitnibscitalali ty 40
Demolition,
2 1915-1917 43
Wara nd gtahteh eercionngoc mriics is 45
Soccioamlm otion 47
TheF ebruRaervyo louft1 i9o1n7 50
Aspiraitnsi oocnise ty 54
'Dlup aower' 56
v
Contents
Econobmrieca kdaonswdo nc rieaalc tions 58
Masosr ganisations 61
TheB olhsevpiakr ty 64
Diisntegoraftt hsieto ant e 67
TheO ctoRbeevro louft1 i9o1n7 69
ExperimeCnotnaslt ruction,
3 1917-1927 71
Eupohrainaad v ersion 74
Econoamnimdci liptratorrsya t1i9o-1n17:9 18 75
Socrieoafrlm asn d mpaasrst icipation 77
Repsrseion 80
CivWialr1 :9 -191721 82
ResisttoBa onslchee vism 87
TheN EPa nedc onormeicco v1e29r-1y12:97 91
Socaijdasult meannstdu rvival 93
Thepa ratnytd h peo listyisctaelm 96
Mocsoawn tdh weo riln1d 2 97 101
Conclusions
105
SelBeicbtl iography 180
ChronooEflv oegnyt s 142
Index 192
Vl
Edito·Pr rse'face
TheS tudiinEe usr opHeitasonsr ey roifeefrssg uitdode e velop­
a
mensit na fi elodfh isttohrahyta b se coimnec rgelasysep icnial­
isewdi tthh seh eer vonleuwrm eesr ecoaahfn dli ternaotwu re
porduecdE.a cbho ohka tsh rmeaei onjb etcisvT.eh ep irmary
purpoistse oo ffrea ni nofrmeads ssemseonfto pinoinoa kn e y
episoortd hee imnEe u ropheiasyntS. o ercdoe,nca ht iptrlseee nts
ad istiinntcetr praentdca otnicolnuf osrmis oonmse ownheoi s
closienlvyo wlivtechdu rrdeenbta itnte hsfie el dT.h iridpt,r o­
vidsetseu ndtasn dt eacwhietrahss ucciinntcrto dtuotc htei on
tpoiwci,t thh ees nsteiianolfr matnieocne stsoua nredyr stiatn d
antdh lei terbaetiudnricgesu sds.Ee quippweidta hna nnotated
biblioagnrodat phhaedyirs t osu tdye,a cbho opkr ovaindi edse al
starptoiintngote xplore iemvpeonartndts pa ornects stehsa t
havseh apEeudrp oeh'istso rtyot hpeer snetd ay.
Bookisnt hsee sri inetrosdtuucdete ohn ittsso raipcparl oaches
whiicnsh o mcea saervsee rnyea wn wdh iicnht ,hn eo rmcaolu rse
oft hnig,sw oultdak e mantyofi lyteearr tsdo to ewxnt -books.
Byp resienhngit syt'cosur tteidngwgee , htohptaeht se e rwiielsl
demornassttoem oeft heex cittehmhaeitns tt olriiskaicene isns,tt s,
feela s twhoeroyknt hfeor ntioeftr hses iujrbe cTth.e ssae lrsioe
haasni mporctoannttr itbomu atkiieonp n u bliwchiashtii nsgt o­
riaanrdseo gia,nn mda kiinatgc cestsosi tbuldseae nnsdtc holars
in atnhrdie sl adtiesdc isp.l ine
JOHBNR EUILLY
JULIJAANC KSON
PETHE.RW ILSON
vii
Cartoons
1 'Thdeiys epo ofos umro ney'
Thes trucotfpu orweie nrt hReus siEamnp ire 19
2 'hTe nl,tih oe betahrre a abnb(diM Ct.h' e modanov)
Satoinrt ehi en feecftualtnhees s of
Russliiabnei rn1a 09l5s 32
3 'iCtitzaekyneo,r u craolwonwn igty hou .('DM .o or)
Revolurtysi oolndaaidedrr eNsiscehsIo Ila s 52
4 '.NU lya(neLonv�i ')( AS.t rakhov)
Stylpiosretdor fta hiBetol svhielke ader 66
5 'Hlep(!D'M. o or)
Appefaoflrma inree lief 90
6 'Hsantt' hmee etfiinnigs yheet(d?.B U' sp enski)
SatoinrB eol sehvidki ssrpteef cor
democprraotciecd ure 100
Vlll
Maps
1 TheR ussEimapnii rn1e 09 0 RobeSretr vice 10
©
2 TheU SSiRn1 297 RobeSretr vice 12
©
IX
Preface
When btohoiaksp e parienid t fisr setdi tiin1o 89n6i hta dt wo
maionjb ecstS.it vuedoifte hsRe u ssian Rheavbdo elcuotmieo n
unenv.We rtiehrasbd eepni laim nogu ntoafai tnt enutpioonn
thyee a1r9 1wh7e rtehadese caodnee si tshieadrte t raocntleyd
hiolkclsB.yc overing ftorhme1 09p0te o1r 29i7oI,dw anedt to
makteh cea tsheta htRe e volwuatbsie ousnnt d seotrobdy b road­
enitnhgce h ronolsoepgcitcrfauroilm n vestAitg atttmhiieao,tn .
totoh,fe sa hiwoants ow riatbeo puotl ietciocnso,am nisdco sc iety
asi tfh ewye rsee pafroramte ea coht h.Te hrep reisnnsge ewda s
top ut tbhaictnkog tgshe eFrr.o m th1e89 0losafc, to eu rmsuec,h
fersihno frmatbieocnaa nv1aei ilnat bhlee USSR Swohveine tt he
commulneiasdte lrossoheinipetr dse stroinca tcicotenodss os c u­
mentsaorcyue rsT.h eb oosks 'ecoenddi tiinocno rpsourcaht ed
matetrhitaehl ie;rd di ttioooankc coouftn htae r chdiivsaclo veries
anhdi stodriisscciauolsnt h1ie99n 0 .Ts hifsuo rtehd itrieotna ins
thbea stixects ,u itsambalryt uepna,esw d e alslt he orsritugci­nal
tuarnead r gumencto.en ntTtthshe,o ughb,e ehmnao vdei fiiend
thlei gohfft ur thienorfr matainotdnh ought. cThhaen goet her
itsh aed diotfig oean n eirnatlr oduction, which complements the
preamtboel aecc hh apteRru.s sTRiheaevn o luiatssi c oonn ten­
tioutshe eai rntl wye ntyc-efinrtasusitr t y wwhaesin ht a ppeend.
Thiisos n teh ianbgo iuttth iansto gto itnocg h ange.
Ir emain itnofidr eenbwdthseo d genseurgoguesislmtype rdo ve­
menttots h fier tswteo d it:Ri oognBesarr tAldeetBltie,a Jgoih,n
ChannOolngC,ar i,Bs opDb aviIessrG,ae etl,zG lreareGmielt lh,e
laAtleaH na ltlhl,ea JtieHl allG le,o ffrHeoys kiEnvagMn,a wsdley,
X
Prfaece
RichOavredrA yrf,Ro ne easn Sdt eWvhee aottfcF.ro trh fiuosr th
editIhi aovnte a kaednv kiicneod flefyr ebdyS imon JDuiilxaonn ,
JcaksoJnu,lMi aan nheRrizc,hR aarmda gCeh,rR iesa Sdt,e ve
SmiJtohn, SamneGdle eo Sfwfa Minyw. ie Af deBliea hgaics a st a
criteiyocena e la cshu cceesdsiitavineoid nt t ohi estr h Iao tw teh e
deepgersatdt ei.t u
Technivcoacla bhualbaser eykn et p tmoi mnaui ma ndda tes
argei vaecnc ortdoti hncega leinndofi afcri uaslae tt htei mien
RusisaA. s implviefiresodift o hnUe S L ibroafCr onyg erstsr ans­
litercaotdiiesfo lo nl eod;wb uwte ll-knnaomwelnsi T kroet ys,k
WitteZ iannodva irgeeiv v ientn h eciurs toEmnagrlyfi rosmh.
Asr egatredrsm ignyIo,h l aovep ttk ote he etawrelnytu yr-yc ent
Russdieafinn iotfli aornfgca et oraisbe esi ng etmhpolsoeay ti ng
lea1s6wt o rkweirtssh o mmeo tor-oproa wtle era swti t3h0o ut.
A chronologiisac paple ntwdaiebtrdlhee e fr entcote h pee riod
covebryte hdbe o o.Rk eefrenacrees icnib treadca kcectosr ding
tot hneu mberiintn hbgei blihoywg,ir taphpae gn ubmerbse ing
indicbayat c eodla otfnet rh bei bliyon gumrbaepArhb .r ief guide
tot hceo ntoefgn etnse wroarlok nst hRee voliugsti ivoentn h ei n
bibliogfirrasspethc yt'iso n.
RobeSretr vice
XI