The Russian Civil War: Primary Sources PDF
Preview The Russian Civil War: Primary Sources
The Russian Civil War Also by A. B. Murphy ASPECTIVAL USAGE IN RUSSIAN MIKHAIL ZOSHCHENKO: A Literary Profile M. SHOLOKHOV, QUIET FLOWS THE DON (editor) THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR: Documents from the Soviet Archives INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTARY TO SHOLOKHOV'S TIKHIY DON The Russian Civil War Primary Sources A. B. Murphy Professor Emeritus University of Ulster with the assistance of F. Patrikeeff Lecturer in Politics University of Adelaide tt First published in Great Britain 2000 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke. Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-41503-8 ISBN 978-0-230-28675-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230286757 First published in the United States of America 2000 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, LLC, Scholarly and Reference Division. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Murphy. Brian, 1923- The Russian Civil War: primary sources I A.B. Murphy. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Soviet Union- History- Revolution. 1917-1921 - Sources. I. Title. DK265 .A5255 2000 947.084'1 - dc21 99-059567 ©A. B. Murphy 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-77013-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmiued save with written pennission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the tenns of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P OLP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for rccycl ing and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ] 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 0 I 00 To John Simmons This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xi Introduction xiii Conflicting views of the post-revolutionary struggle xiii Core and periphery: the conduct of the war xiv The Red Army: dilemmas of recruitment xv Reasons for success: the hand of historical inevitability xvii 1 1918: Germans Rout Reds 1 Yield nothing to the Germans 1 Don Soviet Republic 2 Nominal roll 4 Individual appointments 7 Disorders in Don Territory 10 Nizhne-Chirskaya uprising (led by Rastegayev) 14 Anti-Soviet rebellion, Salsk 14 Paromonov miners 15 Reds retreat in Ukraine 16 Food Shortages 19 Kornilov killed: Denikin heads Volunteer Army 21 Deceiving the Germans 23 2 1919: Whites 26 White agents' instructions 26 Establishments for artillery, medical, communications, 28 armoured cars. Shell Workshop in Taganrog 34 Pay 35 Housing 35 Hygiene in Novocherkassk 41 Conscription 42 Supplies 43 Finance 46 Czechs 50 Leather and winter clothing 51 Vll viii Contents 3 1919: Red strategy 60 Situation reports 60 Commissars versus commanders 68 Military intelligence reports 76 Cheka reports 82 Personnel 84 Supplies: January to June 1919 86 Supplies: June 1919 to April 1921 92 Large numbers of deserters 97 Greens 97 Bryansk rebellion 104 4 1919: Who will win? 106 Policy towards Cossacks 106 February to May 1919 106 June 1919 116 Future policy for the Don 123 Colonel Mironov and the Donburo 134 Makarov reports to Cossack Section of VTsIK 139 Makarov's letter to Lenin 163 Petrograd: evacuate or fight in streets? 164 Measures to combat Mamontov raid 169 Voronezh: Whites demand surrender 174 Beloborodov: importance of cavalry 178 5 Sergeant Budyonny 182 Fact and myth 182 Voroshilov and RVS defend 1st Cavalry 184 1919: Budyonny attacked commissar Chernov 187 1920: Red Army take Rostov 191 Cheka report on South Russia 192 Cavalry take transport: Sokolnikov and Mironov cannot 195 control Stalin and Ordzhonikidze protect Budyonny 199 May: campaign against the Poles 205 August: Zhilinsky criticizes 1st Cavalry 207 August: 1st Cavalry versus Zhilinsky 211 Stiffen political reliability 218 September: Makhno's influence; commissar murdered 218 October: moving to fight Vrangel; pogroms in Ukraine 223 Measures to restore order 225 Budyonny argues against Frunze's plan 229 Contents ix Trotsky: Budyonny to obey Frunze 229 November: 1st Cavalry refuse to receive delegations 234 December: reinvigorate the Communist Party 235 Appendix I: Glossary and Abbreviations 239 Appendix II: Some Persons Mentioned 249 Select Bibliography 256 Maps: (1) River Don and River Volga 260 (2) Kuban' and Black Sea 262 (3) Ukraine to Polish border 264 Index 266
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