The Rules of the Game: Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Models in Scholarly Thought PDF
Preview The Rules of the Game: Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Models in Scholarly Thought
The International Behavioural and Social Sciences Library THE RULES OF THE GAME TAVISTOCK The International Behavioural and Social Sciences Library SOCIOLOGY & SOCIAL POLICY In 10 Volumes I Social Theory and Economic Change Edited by Tom Burns and S B Saul II Social Science and Government Edited by A B Cherns, et al. III The Use of Models in the Social Sciences Edited by Lyndhurst Collins IV Sociology and Development Edited by Emanuel de Kadt and Gavin Williams V Public Planning J K Friend, et al. VI Immigration and Social Policy in Britain Catherine J ones VII The Social Analysis of Class Structure Edited by Frank Parkin VIII The Rules of the Game Edited by Teodor Shanin IX Value Systems and Social Process Geoffrey Vickers X The Action-Image of Society Alfred Willener THE RULES OF THE GAME Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Models in Scholarly Thought EDITED BY TEODOR SHANIN First published in 1972 by Tavistock Publications Limited Reprinted in 2001 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Transferred to Digital Printing 2007 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor d Francis Group O 1972 Teodor Shanin and individual contributors All rights resewed. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publishers have made every effort to contact authorslcopyright holders of the works reprinted in the International Behaviouraland Social Sciences Library. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace. These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases the condition of these originals is not perfect. The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be apparent in reprints thereof. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Rules of the Game ISBN 0-41 5-26502-9 Sociology & Social Policy: 10 Volumes ISBN 0-41 5-265 17-7 The International Behavioural and Social Sciences Library 11 2 Volumes ISBN 0-41 5-25670-4 ISBN 978-1-136-44629-0 (ebk) Printed and bound by CPI Antony Rowe, Eastbourne The Rules of the Game Cross-disciplinary Essays on Models in Scholarly Thought Edited by TEODOR SHANIN Tavistock Publications First published in 1972 By Tavistock Publications Limited 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, 0X14 4RN SBN 422 73790 9 © Teodor Shanin and individual contributors 1972 Distributed in the USA by HARPER & ROW PUBLISHERS INC. BARNES & NOBLE IMPORT DIVISION Contents Foreword page xi Models and Thought 1 TEODOR SHANIN PART ONE Models and Disciplines Introduction 25 Image and Symbol: the role of models in modern physics 27 PAUL M. CLARK Comment: D. BOHM 48 Analogy versus Analysis: biochemistry as a mode of biological explanation 51 FREDERIC R. JEVONS Comment: A. J. CAIN 68 Model-building in Probability and Statistics 72 JOSEPH GANI Comment: SHULAMIT RAMON 85 Models in Experimental Psychology 89 NEVILLE MORAY Comment: GEOFFREY PEARSON 98 Man and his Shadow: models of normality and non-normality SHULAMIT RAMON 103 Comment: JOHN D. DAVIS and MARCIA L. DAVIS 120 vi Contents Marx's Economics as a Newtonian Model 122 MICHAEL BARRATT BROWN Comment: TEODOR SHANIN 145 Models inherent in History 148 GORDON LEFF Comment: p. j. CAIN 161 Theology as a Discipline of a Modern University 164 DONALD MACKINNON Comment: G. R. DUNSTAN 175 Models for Grammars 179 JAMES PETER THORNE Comment: R. B. LEES 206 Pure Mathematics: moons not hers? 210 JOHN PYM Comment: VIVIAN HUTSON 225 PART TWO Order, Consciousness, and Meaning: the broader theme Introduction 231 Beyond Atomism and Holism - the concept of the holon 233 ARTHUR KOESTLER Indication of a New Order in Physics 249 D. BOHM The Role of Discoveries in Social Science 276 W. BALDAMUS Praxis: the controversial culture-society paradigm 303 ZYGMUNT BAUMAN Systems, Structures, and Consciousness: the social psychology of meaning 322 ARTHUR BRITTAN Contents vii The Social Sciences and their Impact on Society 347 GUNNAR MYRDAL Science and Alchemy 360 BRIAN GOODWIN Notes on Contributors of Main Papers 380 Index 383
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