The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib. An At-A-Glance Akkadian Dictionary of the RINAP 3 Corpus

53 Pages·2015·0.87 MB·English

by  Jamie Novotny

State Archives of Assyria
Bulletin
ISSN 1120-4699
Volume XX

2013 – 2014
State Archives of Assyria Bulletin
Volume XX, 2013–2014
─────────────
Editors
Frederick Mario Fales, Giovanni-Battista Lanfranchi, Simonetta Ponchia
Published by
S.A.R.G.O.N. Editrice e Libreria — Via Induno 18/A — I-35134 Padova (Italy)
Distributed by
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1–31 FREDERICK MARIO FALES, Editorial: Twenty Volumes of Neo-Assyrian Studies Later …
33–46 BETINA FAIST, Die Keilschrifttafeln aus Samʾal (Zincirli)
47–56 JOHN MACGINNIS – M. WILLIS MONROE, Recent Texts from Ziyaret Tepe
57–60 GIANNI MARCHESI, Notes on an Alleged Bull Statuette from Assur
61–72 SIMONETTA PONCHIA, Hermeneutical Strategies and Innovative Interpretation in
Assyro-Babylonian Texts: the Case of Erra and Išum
73–78 SEBASTIAN FINK, How Gilgameš Became a Two-thirds God: It Was the Ferryman
79–129 JAMIE NOVOTNY, The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib: an At-a-glance Akkadian
Glossary of the RINAP 3 Corpus

Editore: S.A.R.G.O.N. Editrice e Libreria — Via Induno 18/A — I-35134 Padova (Italy)
Stampa: Copisteria Stecchini — Via Santa Sofia 58–62 — I-35121 Padova (Italy)
Direttore responsabile: Prof. Dr. Ines Thomas
Finito di stampare il 28.02.2015
State Archives of Assyria Bulletin
Volume XX (2013 – 2014)

THE ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB:
AN AT-A-GLANCE AKKADIAN GLOSSARY OF THE RINAP 3 CORPUS *
Jamie Novotny
In September 2012, A. Kirk Grayson and Jamie Novotny’s The Royal Inscriptions of
Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 BC), Part 1 (Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-As-
syrian Period 3/1) appeared. Part 2 appeared in March 2014. Those two volumes contain
editions of two hundred and thirty-three royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, twenty-six late
Neo-Assyrian inscriptions that may be attributed to that seventh-century ruler, and two
texts commissioned by his queen(s).
Shortly after the publication of both volumes — February 2013 for Part 1 and June
2014 for Part 2 — completely searchable and fully lemmatized editions of all of those
inscriptions were made public on RINAP Online.1 Although an easily searchable Akkadian
glossary of the official texts of Sennacherib is available online, in the Open Richly
Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) format,2 I take the opportunity to present here a
modified version of that glossary. This concise glossary, unlike its online counterpart,
(1) distinguishes fully preserved forms from partially and completely restored forms (see
below), (2) notes defectively written forms, showing scribal omissions and errors, and
(3) indicates words and written forms that are known only from 1000 number and/

* The author compiled the RINAP 3 glossary while preparing the penultimate and ultimate manuscripts
of The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 BC), Part 1 and Part 2. The basic
glossary was produced using the Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) tools, see
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu. I would like to thank the National Endowment for the Humanities for
funding the RINAP Project, allowing me to carry out research on late Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions.
I would also like to express my gratitude to Professor Grant Frame, director of the RINAP Project, for
reviewing this manuscript, and to Irene Sibbing Plantholt, a graduate assistance, for making corrections
and astute comments on the online Akkadian glossary. Their time and care are greatly appreciated.
Any errors or omissions are solely the responsibility of the author.
1. http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap3/corpus.
2. For details, see http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu.
80 JAMIE NOVOTNY
or 2000 number inscriptions, that is, words and written forms that are not attested in the
certain, official inscriptions of Sennacherib.
The present publication does not intend to be a complete, detailed glossary of the
identifiable Akkadian words in the RINAP 3 corpus (master texts only), but a concise, at-
a-glance reference tool in the style of the CDA (A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian).3
Therefore, only limited information will be provided for each word, namely the part of
speech, the basic meaning(s) of the word, and the written form(s). For verbs, additional
information is provided about the verbal stems in which the word is attested. However,
textual references — that is, text and line numbers of the written forms — are not provided
here; that information can be obtained presently from the online Akkadian glossary.
Following the AHw and CDA, head-words are presented in their Old Babylonian
forms, but without word final mimation. The order of the words generally follows the
computer-generated arrangement of the Oracc glossaries, as does the order of the written
forms. Words containing the same letters in the same order are found together and are
given the designations “1”, “2”, etc., this system deviates from those of the AHw, CAD,
and CDA. For example, nīšu 1, “lifting”, and nīšu 2 “(oath on the) life”.
As mentioned above, this glossary provides more information on the written forms
than its online counterpart. Written forms that have been completely restored — that is,
words or spellings of words that are not presently preserved in the known RINAP 3 corpus
— are placed entirely between square brackets, for example, [ši-ma-ti], “fate”.4 Written
forms that are partially preserved have square brackets enclosing the signs that are
completely damaged, for example, GIŠ.MAR.GÍD.[DA.MEŠ], “car[ts]”.5 Partially preserved
forms usually occur only once in the known texts, forms that can be fully reconstructed
from multiple attestations are noted with a single asterisk (see below for details). Half
brackets, however, are ignored. Thus, partially preserved signs are rendered in the lists of
written forms as if they were not damaged, for example, šu-˹ú˺, “he”, is listed as šu-ú.6
Asterisk(s) appear after some written forms. The(se) asterisk(s) are intended to
provide additional at-a-glance information about a specific written form. These indicate
the following:

3. Variants found in the scores are not included here. These will appear in a more detailed Akkadian
dictionary of royal inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian period (744–609 BC), which the author intends to
prepare once all of the late Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions from Tiglath-pileser III to Aššur-uballiṭ II
have been published. Therefore, this at-a-glance glossary should serve as a useful resource until that
time. Moreover, it should be regarded as a snapshot of the online RINAP 3 Akkadian glossary
(December 2013).
4. Restored in Sennacherib 36 obv. 1.
5. Sennacherib 230 98.
6. Sennacherib 1 10.
THE ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB: AN AT-A-GLANCE AKKADIAN GLOSSARY 81
* The written form is reconstructed from multiple attestations in the main Sennacherib
corpus (texts 1–233). The form, as indicated, is not fully preserved in any of its
known occurrences. For example, ú-šap-tu-ú-ni*, “they opened up for me”, appears
two times in RINAP 3: ˹ú-šap-tu˺-[ú-ni] and [ú-šap]-tu-ú-ni.7 Thus, ú-šap-tu-ú-ni*
is reconstructed from those two attestations.
** The written form is attested only in Sennacherib 1000 number text(s) (texts 1001–
1026).
*** The written form is attested only in Sennacherib 2000 number text(s) (texts 2001–
2002).
On a very few occasions, the same written form is listed twice. This occurs when the
form is completely (or partially) reconstructed in the main Sennacherib corpus (texts 1–
233) and attested either in Sennacherib 1000 or 2000 number text(s). For example, šá-qu-
<u>, šá-qu-u**.8 This is to highlight the fact that the written form is not yet (fully) attested
in Sennacherib texts 1–233.
For the convenience of the user, a list of verbal roots that appear in the RINAP 3
corpus is provided as an appendix. The roots follow those listed in AHw and CDA.

A

abāku (v.) G “to lead away”; wr. e-bu-ku-nim-ma.
abarakkatu (n.) “stewardess”; wr. MUNUS.AGRIG.MEŠ.
abāru (n.) “physical strength”; wr. a-ba-ri.
abātu 1 (v.) G “to destroy”; D ~ G, wr. a-bu-ut, ú-ab-bi-tu-ma, ú-ab-bit.
abātu 2 (v.) N “to run away”; wr. in-na-bit, in-na-bit-ma, in-nab-tu, in-nab-tu-ma.
abbu (n.) “swamp”; wr. ab-bu.
abnu (n.) “stone”; wr. NA4, NA4.MEŠ, NA4.MEŠ-ia.
abru (adj.) as n. “humanity”; wr. ab-ra-a-ti.
abšānu (n.) “yoke”; wr. ab-šá-a-ni, ab-šá-a-nu, ab-šá-an-šú, ab-šá-ni.
abu (n.) “father; ancestor”; wr. AD, AD-ia, AD-šu, AD-šú, AD.MEŠ-e-a, AD.MEŠ-ia, AD.MEŠ-ía,
AD.MEŠ-šú, a-bi, [a]-bi-ia, a-bu.
abūbāniš (abūbiš) (adv.) “like a flood”; wr. a-bu-bi-iš, a-bu-biš.
abūbu (n.) “flood”; wr. a-bu-bi, a-bu-bu.
abullu (n.) “city gate”; wr. KÁ.GAL, KÁ.GAL.MEŠ, KÁ.GAL.MEŠ-šú.
adānu (n.) “appointed time”; wr. a-dan-ni.
adappu (dappu) (n.) “horizontal crossbeam”; wr. da-ap-pi, dáp-pi.
adāru (v.) G “to become afraid”; G, as n. “fear”; N “become restless”; wr. a-da-ru, a-du-ra, an-na-
an-dir-ma, an-na-dir-ma, e-du-ra, e-du-ru, e-du-ru-ma, e-du-ur-[ma], e-dur-ma, e-dúr-ma.

7. Sennacherib 15 vi 24 and 16 vi 44 respectively.
8. Sennacherib 161 obv. 1 and 1015 obv. 6´ respectively.
82 JAMIE NOVOTNY
adi (prep.) “to; until; with; times”; wr. EN, a-di, a-du.
ādiru (n.) “full of fear”; wr. a-di-ru.
adnātu (n.) “world”; wr. ad-na-a-te, ad-na-a-ti.
adû (n.) “treaty”; wr. a-de-e, a-di-i.
agālu (n.) “donkey”; wr. a-ga-li-i.
agammu (n.) “marsh(es)”; wr. a-gam-mu, ÍD.a-gam-me, ÍD.a-gam-mu.
agarinnu (n.) “mother”; wr. a-ga-ri-in-ni.
agasalakku (n.) (a type of metal plating); wr. a-ga-sa-[lak-ki].
aggiš (adv.) “furiously”; wr. ag-giš.
agû 1 (n.) “crown”; wr. AGA, a-ge-e.
agû 2 (n.) “flood”; wr. a-ge-e**, a-gu-u, a-gu-ú.
agurru (n.) “baked brick”; wr. SIG4.AL.ÙR.RA, a-gur-ri, a-gúr-ri.
aḫāmiš (aḫāmeš) (pron.) “one another”; wr. a-ḫa-meš.
aḫannâ (aḫennâ) (adv.) “on this bank”; wr. a-ḫa-an-na-a, a-ḫe-en-na-a.
aḫātu (n.) “sister”; wr. NIN.
aḫāzu (v.) G “to take”; Š “to instruct”; wr. i-ḫu-uz, ú-šá-ḫi-su-nu-ti.
aḫrâtaš (adv.) “for ever after”; wr. aḫ-ra-taš
aḫrītu (n.) “later time”; wr. aḫ-ra-a-ti, aḫ-rat.
aḫu 1 (n.) “brother”; wr. ŠEŠ, ŠEŠ-šú, ŠEŠ.MEŠ-šú.
aḫu 2 (n.) “side; shore”; wr. a-ḫa, a-ḫi.
ai (ē) (indecl.) “not”; wr. a-a, e.
akālu (v.) Š “to allow to eat”; wr. ú-šá-kil.
akāmu (n.) “dust-cloud”; wr. a-ka-mu.
akī (prep.) “as”; wr. a-ki-i.
akītu (n.) (a cultic festival); wr. a-ki-it, a-ki-te, a-ki-ti, a-kit, á-ki-it, á-ki-tim.
akkullu (n.) “pick(axe)”; wr. ak-ku-la-ti, ak-kul-la-a-te, ak-kul-la-a-ti, ak-kul-la-te, ak-kul-la-ti.
akṣu (adj.) “dangerous”; wr. ak-ṣi, ak-ṣu.
akû (adj.) as n. “weak”; wr. a-ki-i.
aladlammû (n.) “human-headed bull-colossus”; wr. dALAD.dLAMMA, dALAD.dLAMMA.MEŠ.
alaktu (n.) “way; course; flow”; wr. a-lak-ti, a-lak-tu.
alāku (v.) G “to go; march; blow”; G, as n. “course; passage”; Gtn “to march; walk about”; Š “to
make something (become)”; wr. DU-ku, DU-ku-ni, a-la-ku, a-lak, [a]-tal-lu-ki, al-ka-am-ma,
al-li-ik, al-li-ku, al-li-ku-ma, al-lik, al-lik-ma, at-ta-lak-ma, at-tal-lak, i-tal-la-ku-ma, il-la-ku,
il-lak, il-li-ka, il-li-ku, [il-li-ku-ma], il-lik-ma, it-ta-na-al-la-ka, lu-ul-lik, ú-šá-lik, ú-šá-lik-šu-
ma, ú-šá-lik-šú-ma, ú-šá-lik-šú-nu-ti.
alallu (n.) (a stone); wr. NA4.a-lal-lum.
alālu (v.) G “to hang up”; wr. a-lul, a-lul-ma, il-la-lu-šú.
alamittu (n.) (a wild species of date palm); wr. a-la-mit-ta.
āliku (n.) “goer”; wr. a-li-kut, a-lik.
alluttu (n.) “crab”; wr. al-lut-tú.
alpu (n.) “ox”; wr. GU4, GU4.MEŠ, GU4.NÍTA, GU4.NÍTA.MEŠ.
alpu in alap nīru “yoke ox” (n.); wr. GU4.GIŠ.
alpu in alap qīši (n.) “roe deer?”; wr. a-lap qí-i-ši.
alû in kīma alê (adv.) “like an alû-demon”; wr. GIM-le-e, ki-ma-le-e.
THE ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB: AN AT-A-GLANCE AKKADIAN GLOSSARY 83
ālu (n.) “city”; wr. URU, URU-šú, URU.ME-ni, URU.MEŠ, URU.MEŠ-ni, URU.MEŠ-ni-šú-nu,
URU.MEŠ-šu, URU.MEŠ-šú, URU.MEŠ-šú-nu, a-lum.
ālu in bēl āli (n.) “city ruler”; wr. LÚ.EN.URU.
amaḫḫu (n.) “city wall”; wr. a-muḫ-ḫuš.
amāru (v.) G “to see; read”; N “to be seen; found”; wr. a-mu-ru, a-mur-ma, e-mu-ru-ma**, e-
mur-ma, i-mu-ru, i-mu-ru-ma, in-na-mir, in-na-mir-ma, in-nam-ru, li-mur-ma, ta-mur.
amaru (n.) “side wall”; wr. a-ma-ra-a-te, a-ma-ru.
ambassu (n.) “(game-)park”; wr. am-ba-si, am-ba-su, KUR.am-ba-si.
āmiru (n.) “one who sees”; wr. a-mir.
ammatu (n.) “cubit”; wr. 1.KÙŠ, KÙŠ, KÙŠ.MEŠ.
amurru (n.) “the West”; wr. a-mur-ri, IM.a-mur-ri.
ana (prep.) “to; as; for; in; into; on account of; on; through”; wr. a-na, ana.
anāḫu (v.) G “to become dilapidated”; Š “to make someone make an effort”; wr. e-na-aḫ-ma, en-
na-ḫa, en-na-ḫu, in-na-ḫu, ú-šá-ni-ḫu.
anāku (pron.) “I”; wr. a-na-ku, ana-ku.
anḫūtu (n.) “dilapidated section(s)”; wr. an-ḫu-sa, an-ḫu-su, [an-ḫu-su-nu], an-ḫu-us-su.
annaku (n.) “tin”; wr. AN.NA.
annu (n.) “yes”; wr. an-na, an-ni-ku-nu, an-ni-ku-un.
annû (pron.) as demonstrative adj. “this”; wr. Ú-ma, an-né-e, an-ni-i, an-ni-u, an-nim-ma, an-nu-
ti, an-nu-u, an-nu-ú.
anzillu (n.) “abomination”; wr. an-zil-la-šu, an-zil-li.
apālu (v.) G “to answer”; wr. i-pu-lu-in-ni-ma.
apāru (v.) G “to cover the head”; wr. a-pi-ra.
apkallu (n.) “sage”; wr. ABGAL.
aplu (n.) “heir”; wr. IBILA.
appāru (n.) “marsh”; wr. AMBAR.MEŠ, ap-pa-ra-a-te, ap-pa-ra-a-ti, ap-pa-ri-šú-un.
appātu (n.) “portico”; wr. ap-pa-a-te, ap-pa-a-ti.
appatu (n.) “rein”; wr. ap-pa-a-ti.
appu (n.) “nose”; wr. ap-pi, ap-pi-ia.
apsasû (n.) “sphinx”; wr. ÁB.ZA.ZA-a-te, ÁB.ZA.ZA-a-[ti], MUNUS.ÁB.ZA.ZA-a-te, MUNUS.ÁB.ZA.
ZA-a-ti, MUNUS.ÁB.ZA.ZA.MEŠ.
apsû (n.) “(cosmic) underground water”; wr. ZU.AB.
aptu (n.) “window”; wr. ap-ti.
apu (abu) (n.) “reed-bed; reeds”; wr. a-bi, a-pe.
arāḫu (v.) D “to send speedily”; wr. ur-ri-iḫ-ma.
arāku (v.) D “to lengthen”; Š ~ D; wr. GÍD, GÍD.DA, lu-šá-ri-ka, nu-šá-ri-ka.
arammu (n.) “ramp”; wr. [a]-ra-am-me**, a-ram-me.
arāru (v.) G “to curse”; wr. li-ru-ru-šu-ma, li-ru-ru-šú-ma.
arbaʾu (num.) “four”; wr. ar-ba-tim, ar-ba-ʾi.
arbūtu (n.) “barren land”; wr. ar-bu-ta.
argamannu (n.) “purple”; wr. SÍG.ar-ga-man-nu.
arḫiš (adv.) “quickly”; wr. ár-ḫiš.
arītu (n.) “shield bearer”; wr. GIŠ.a-ri-te, GIŠ.a-ri-tu, GIŠ.a-ri-tú.
arkāniš (adv.) “back”; wr. ar-ka-niš.
84 JAMIE NOVOTNY
arkiš (adv.) “back”; wr. ar-kiš.
arku (adj.) “long”; wr. GÍD.DA.
armu (n.) “mountain goat”; wr. ar-me.
arnu (annu) (n.) “guilt”; wr. a-ra-an-šú-nu, an-ni.
arratu (n.) “curse”; wr. ar-rat.
asakku (n.) (an evil demon); wr. ÁZAG.
askuppu (n.) “(threshold) slab”; wr. KUN4.MEŠ, as-kup-pa-a-ti, as-kup-pat, as-kup-pu, NA4.KUN4.
MEŠ, NA4.as-kup-pa-a-ti.
asliš (adv.) “like a sheep”; wr. as-li-iš, as-liš.
aslu (n.) (a special cubit measure); wr. AS4.LUM.
asmātu (n.) (a type of horse trapping); wr. as-ma-a-ti.
asmiš (asmeš) (adv.) “in a fitting manner”; wr. as-meš, as-mi-iš, as-mì-iš.
asu (n.) “bear”; wr. a-su.
asû (n.) “physician”; wr. LÚ.A.ZU.
asurrakku (n.) “subterranean waters”; wr. a-sur-rak-ki-šá, a-sur-rak-ku.
asurrû (n.) “lower course”; wr. a-sur-ru-ši-in, a-sur-ru-šin, a-sur-ru-šu, a-sur-ru-šú.
ašarēdu (adj.) as n. “first and foremost”; wr. a-šá-red.
ašnan (n.) “grain”; wr. áš-na-an, dáš-na-an.
ašnugallu (n.) “alabaster”; wr. NA4.GIŠ.NU11.GAL.
ašru (n.) “place”; wr. a-šar, a-šar-šá, a-šar-šu, a-šar-šú, áš-ri, áš-ri-i-šú, áš-ri-šu, áš-ri-šú, áš-ri-
šú-nu, áš-ru.
aššatu (n.) “wife”; wr. DAM-su.
aššu (prep.) “because; in order to; so that”; wr. áš-šu, áš-šú.
atappiš (adv.) “like a canal”; wr. a-tap-piš.
atappu (n.) “(small) canal”; wr. a-tap-pi.
attā (pron.) “you”; wr. at-ta.
attartu (n.) “(military) cart”; wr. GIŠ.at-ta-ra-te.
awātu (amātu) (n.) “word”; wr. a-ma-te, a-ma-ti, a-ma-ti-ia, a-mat.
awīlu (amēlu) (n.) “man”; wr. LÚ, LÚ.MEŠ, NA.
awīlūtu (amēlūtu) (n.) “humanity; person”; wr. LÚ-ti, LÚ-tim.
awû (amû) (v.) Gt “to speak”; Št “to deliberate”; wr. i-[tam-ma], uš-tam-mu-ma.
ayyābu (n.) “enemy”; wr. a-a-ab, a-a-bi, a-a-bi-ia, a-a-bu.
ayyumma (indefinite pron.) “whoever”; wr. a-a-um-ma.
azaru (azzaru) (n.) “lynx”; wr. a-za-ri, az-za-ri.
azmarû (n.) “lance”; wr. az-ma-re-e, GIŠ.az-ma-re-e.

B

babālu (v.) G “to carry”; N “to be carried”; wr. i-bab-ba-lu-ni, ib-bab-la, ib-bab-lu-ni.
bābānû (adj.) “outer”; wr. KÁ-nu-ú.
babbilu (n.) “bearer”; wr. ba-bi-lat, ba-bil.
bābu (n.) “gate”; wr. KÁ, KÁ-ši-in, KÁ-šú, KÁ.MEŠ, KÁ.MEŠ-šá, KÁ.MEŠ-ši-in, KÁ.MEŠ-šin, ba-ba-
a-ti, ba-bi-šin, ba-bu-šá.
THE ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS OF SENNACHERIB: AN AT-A-GLANCE AKKADIAN GLOSSARY 85
baḫūlātu (n.) “men”; wr. ba-ḫu-la-a-te, ba-ḫu-la-a-ti, ba-ḫu-la-a-ti-ia, ba-ḫu-la-te, ba-ḫu-la-te-
šú-un, ba-ḫu-la-ti, ba-ḫu-la-ti-šú-un.
balāṭu 1 (n.) “life”; wr. TI-šú, TI.LA, TI.LA-ia, TI.LA-su, TI.LA-šú, ba-la-ṭu.
balāṭu 2 (v.) G “to be alive”; wr. ba-laṭ.
ballu (adj.) “mixed”; wr. bal-lum.
balṭu (adj.) as n. “living”; wr. bal-ṭi, bal-ṭu, bal-ṭu-ti.
balṭūtu (n.) “state of being alive”; wr. bal-ṭu-su, bal-ṭu-su-nu, bal-ṭu-su-un, bal-ṭu-us-su-un.
balu (prep.) “without”; wr. ba-le-šú, [ba-lu].
baʾlu (adj.) as n. “great number”; wr. ba-aʾ-li.
bamātu (n.) “open country”; wr. ba-ma-a-ti.
banû 1 (adj.) “beautiful”; wr. ba-nu-ú.
banû 1 in rab banî (n.) “noble”; wr. LÚ.GAL-DÙ.
banû 2 (v.) G “to create; fashion”; N “to be created; be fashioned”; wr. ab-ni, ab-ni-ma, ab-ta-ni,
i-ban-nu-ú, ib-ba-nu-u, ib-ba-nu-ú, ib-nu-ma, ib-nu-ú.
bānû (n.) “creator; builder”; wr. ba-an, ba-ni-ia, ba-nit, ba-nu-u, ba-nu-šá.
baqāmu (v.) G “to pluck”; wr. ba-qa-me, ib-qu-mu.
barakku (n.) (a corridor); wr. ba-rak-ka-a-ni, ba-rak-ka-ni, [ba-rak]-ka-ni-šin, ba-rak-ki.
bārānû (n.) “rebel”; wr. ba-ra-nu-ú.
bārtu (n.) “revolt”; wr. bar-ti.
bâru (v.) G “to be firm”; wr. li-bur.
barû (v.) G “to search”; Gt “to look for”; wr. bit-re-e, ib-ru-ú-ma.
bašālu (v.) Š “to cast; melt”; wr. ú-šab-ši-lu, šub-šu-lim-ma.
bašāmu (v.) D “to create”; wr. ú-ba-áš-šim-ma.
bāštu (n.) “dignity”; wr. bal-ta-šú-un, bal-tu.
bašû 1. (adj.) “existing”; wr. ba-ši-i, ba-šu-ti, ba-šu-u, ba-šu-ú, ba-šú-ú.
bašû 2 (v.) G “to exist”; Š “to bring into existence”; wr. ba-še -e, ba-ši-i, i-ba-šu-ú, ib-šá-a, ib-
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ši, ib-ši-ma, ib-šu-ú, ib-šú-u, ú-šab-ši-ma, ú-šab-šu-u, ú-šab-šu-ú, ú-šab-šú-u.
batāqu (v.) G “to cut off; hew”; Ntn “to be opened again and again”; wr. ab-tu-uq, ab-tuq-ma, ib-
bat-taq-qu-ma**, ib-tu-qu.
baṭlu (adj.) “ceased; disused”; wr. ba-aṭ-lu, ba-ṭa-lu, ba-ṭil-ti.
bâʾu (v.) G “to go along”; Š “to cause water to flow over”; wr. i-ba-ʾu-ma, i-ba-ʾu-ú-ma, uš-bi-iʾ,
ú-šá-áš-ba-ʾu-u-ma.
baʾūlātu (n.) “people; subjects”; wr. ba-ʾu-lat.
bēltu (n.) “lady”; wr. GAŠAN, be-let.
bēlu (n.) “lord; owner”; wr. EN, EN-ia, EN-šú, EN.MEŠ-ia, EN.MEŠ-šú-un, be-lí, be-lum.
bēlūtu (n.) “lordship”; wr. EN-ti-ia, EN-ti-ía, EN-ti-šú, be-lu-te, be-lu-te-ia, be-lu-ti, be-lu-ti-ia, be-
lu-ti-ía, be-[lu-ti]-šu-un, be-lu-ti-šú, be-lu-ti-šú-un, be-lu-tu, be-lu-tú, be-lu-ut, be-lut, be-lut-
su.
berqu (n.) “lightning”; wr. NIM.GÍR.
bēru (n.) “double hour”; wr. KASKAL.GÍD.
bērūtu (bīrūtu) (n.) “mound”; wr. bi-ru-tú.
biblu (n.) “produce; desire”; wr. bi-bil, bi-bíl, bi-ib-lat.
biltu (n.) “talent; tribute”; wr. GUN, bi-lat, bi-lat-su-un.
binītu (n.) “appearance”; wr. bi-na-ti-šú.
86 JAMIE NOVOTNY
bīnu (n.) “sprout”; wr. bi-ni.
binûtu (n.) “product”; wr. bi-nu-ut.
birīt (prep.) “between”; wr. bi-rit.
birītu (n.) “fetter”; wr. bi-re-tu, bi-re-tú.
birītu (birtu) (n.) “alley; space between”; wr. bi-re-e-ti, bir-tu-uš-šu-nu.
birku (n.) “knee”; wr. bir-ka-a-a, bir-ki, bir-ki-ia.
birmu (n.) “multicolored cloth”; wr. bir-me.
birru (n.) “lattice”; wr. bi-ir-ri.
birtu (n.) “fortifications”; wr. URU.ḪAL.ṢU, URU.ḪAL.ṢU.MEŠ.
birtūtu (n.) “function as fort”; wr. bir-tu-ti, URU.bir-tu-ti.
bīru (n.) “divination”; wr. bi-ri.
bišītu (n.) “property”; wr. bi-šit.
bītānû (adj.) “inner”; wr. bit-a-nu-u.
bitrû 1 (adj.) “enormous”; wr. bit-ru-te.
bitrû 2 (v.) Š “to endure”; wr. liš-tab-ru-ú.
bītu (n.) “house”; wr. É, É-su, É-šu, É-šú, É.MEŠ.
buʾāru (n.) “good fortune”; wr. bu-ʾa-a-ri.
būlu (n.) “livestock”; wr. bu-ul.
burāšu (n.) “(species of) juniper”; wr. GIŠ.ŠIM.LI, ŠIM.LI.
būrtu (n.) “well”; wr. PÚ.MEŠ.
burūmû (burummû) (n.) “heaven”; wr. bu-ru-mu, bu-ru-um-me, bu-ru-ú-me.
burzigallu (n.) “big pursītu vessel”; wr. DUG.bur-zi-gal-li, NA4.bur-zi-gal-li.
bušlu (n.) “melting”; wr. bu-šul.
būšu (n.) “goods”; wr. NÍG.ŠU, NÍG.ŠU-šu-nu, NÍG.ŠU-šú-nu.
butuqtu (n.) “breach”; wr. [bu-tuq]-tu**.
buṭnu (n.) “terebinth”; wr. GIŠ.bu-uṭ-ni.
buʾʾû (v.) D “to look for”; wr. ú-ba-ʾu-ú-šu-ma, ú-ba-ʾu-šu-ma.

D

dabābu (v.) G, as n. “wording”; wr. da-ba-bu.
dabdû (n.) “defeat”; wr. BAD5.BAD5-šu, BAD5.BAD5-šú, BAD5.BAD5-šú-nu, BAD5.BAD5-šú-un, dáb-
da-a-šú, dáb-de-e.
dabûiš (adv.) “like a bear”; wr. da-bu-ú-ìš.
dadmū (n.) “settlements”; wr. da-ád-me, da-ád-me-šá, da-ád-me-šu-nu, da-ád-me-šu-un, da-ád-
me-šú, da-ád-me-šú-un.
dagālu (v.) G “to see”; Š “to wait; entrust”; wr. da-ga-li, ú-šad-gi-la, ú-šad-gi-lu, ú-šad-gil, ú-šad-
gil-ma.
dāgilu (n.) “one who sees, obeys”; wr. da-gíl, LÚ.da-gíl.
daḫru (adj.) “angry”; wr. da-aḫ-ru-ti.
dâku (v.) G “to defeat; kill”; wr. a-du-ku-ma, a-duk, a-duk-ma, da-ak-šú-nu, i-du-ku-ma.
dalālu (v.) G “to sing praise”; wr. da-la-li.
daltu (n.) “door”; wr. GIŠ.IG, GIŠ.IG.ME, GIŠ.IG.MEŠ.
dalû (n.) “bucket”; wr. da-lum.