The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Sustainability

548 Pages·2015·2.6 MB·English

by  C. Michael Hall, Stefan Gossling, Daniel Scott

The Routledge Handbook of
Tourism and Sustainability
Sustainability remains one of the major issues in tourism today. Concerns over climate and environmental
change, the fallout from the global economic and fi nancial crisis, and the seeming failure to meeting UN
Millennium Development Goals have only reinforced the need for more sustainable approaches to
tourism, however they be defi ned. Given the centrality of sustainability in tourism curricula, policies,
research and practice it is therefore appropriate to prepare a state-of-the-art Handbook on the relationship
between tourism and sustainability.
This timely Handbook of Tourism and Sustainability is developed from specifi cally commissioned original
contributions from recognised authors in the fi eld, providing a systematic guide to the current state of
knowledge on this area. It is interdisciplinary in coverage and international in scope through its authorship
and content. The volume commences with an assessment of tourism’s global environmental, e.g. climate,
emissions, energy use, biodiversity, water use, land use, and socio-economic eff ects, e.g. economic
impacts, employment and livelihoods, culture. This then provides the context for sections outlining the
main theoretical frameworks and constructs that inform tourism and sustainability, management tools and
approaches, and the approaches used in diff erent tourism and travel industry sectors. The book concludes
by examining emerging and future concerns in tourism and sustainability such as peak-oil, post-carbon
tourism, green economy and transition tourism.
This is essential reading for students, researchers and academics interested in the possibilities of
sustainable forms of tourism and tourism’s contribution to sustainable development. Its assessment of
tourism’s global impact along with its overviews of sectoral and management approaches will provide a
benchmark by which the sustainability of tourism will be measured for years to come.
C. Michael Hall is a Professor in the Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship,
University of Canterbury, New Zealand, and Docent, Department of Geography, University of Oulu,
Finland. Co-editor of Current Issues in Tourism, he has wide-ranging research interests in tourism, mobility
and regional development, food, and environmental history.
Stefan Gössling is a Professor at the Department of Service Management, Lund University and the
School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden, and research coordinator at the
Western Norway Research Institute’s Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. His research interests
include tourism and climate change, tourism and development, mobility studies, renewable energy, low-
carbon tourism, as well as climate policy and carbon trading.
Daniel Scott is a Canada Research Chair in Global Change and Tourism in the Department of Geography
and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo. His research interests include tourism and
climate change, sustainable tourism, protected areas management and climate change, and tourism-
recreation climatology.
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The Routledge Handbook
of Tourism and
Sustainability
Edited by C. Michael Hall,
Stefan Gössling and Daniel Scott
First published 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
And by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2015 Editorial matter and selection: C. Michael Hall, Stefan Gössling
and Daniel Scott; individual chapters: the contributors.
The right of C. Michael Hall, Stefan Gössling and Daniel Scott to be
identifi ed as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for
their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77
and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The Routledge handbook of tourism and sustainability / edited by Stefan
Gössling, C. Michael Hall and Daniel Scott.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Sustainable tourism. I. Gössling, Stefan, editor of compilation. II. Hall,
Colin Michael, editor of compilation. III. Scott, Daniel, editor of
compilation. IV. Title: Handbook of tourism and sustainability.
G156.5.S87R68 2015
910.68’4--dc23
ISBN: 978-0-415-66248-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-07233-2 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby
Contents
List of fi gures ix
List of tables x
Notes on contributors xii
List of acronyms xvi
Acknowledgements xviii
1 Tourism and sustainability: an introduction 1
C. Michael Hall, Stefan Gössling & Daniel Scott
PART 1
Introductory contexts to tourism and sustainability 13
2 The evolution of sustainable development and sustainable tourism 15
C. Michael Hall, Stefan Gössling & Daniel Scott
3 The global eff ects and impacts of tourism: an overview 36
Michelle Rutty, Stefan Gössling, Daniel Scott & C. Michael Hall
PART 2
Theoretical frameworks and concepts in tourism and
sustainability 65
4 Tourism and the precautionary principle in theory and practice 67
David A. Fennell
5 Sustainable yield: an integrated approach to tourism management 78
Jeremy Northcote
6 Tourism and common pool resources 92
Helen Briassoulis
Contents
7 Tourism and human rights 105
Freya Higgins-Desbiolles & Kyle Powys Whyte
8 Ethics in tourism 117
Georgette Leah Burns
9 Pro-poor tourism: refl ections on past research and directions for the
future 127
Dao Truong
10 Environmentally sustainable tourists? 140
Sara Dolnicar
11 Environmental justice and tourism 151
Rob Hales & Tazim Jamal
12 Consumptive and non-consumptive tourism practices: the case of
wildlife tourism 165
Brent Lovelock
13 Tourism and cultural change 175
Melanie Kay Smith
PART 3
Management tools and concepts 185
14 Environmental indicators and benchmarking for sustainable tourism
development 187
Heather Zeppel
15 Certifi cation and labeling 200
Sonya Graci & Rachel Dodds
16 Life cycle assessment 209
Viachaslau Filimonau
17 Carbon management 221
Stefan Gössling
18 Sustainable tourism legislation and regulation 234
John M. Jenkins & Mucha Mkono
vi
Contents
19 Promoting voluntary behaviour change for sustainable tourism: the
potential role of social marketing 246
Dao Truong & C. Michael Hall
20 Managing visitors to the natural environment 261
David Newsome & Susan Moore
21 Tourism and corporate social responsibility 270
Tim Coles, Emily Fenclova & Claire Dinan
22 Wildlife tourism: “Call it consumption!” 280
James Higham & Debbie Hopkins
23 Stories of people and places: interpretation, tourism and sustainability 294
Gianna Moscardo
24 Tourism in the future(s): forecasting and scenarios 305
Daniel Scott & Stefan Gössling
25 Local-scale environmental impacts and management of tourism 320
Ralf Buckley
PART 4
Sectoral approaches to tourism and sustainability 329
26 Foodservice in tourism and sustainability 331
Brian Garrod
27 Environmental management and online environmental performance
assessment tools in the hotel industry: theory and practice 342
Paulina Bohdanowicz-Godfrey & Piotr Zientara
28 Built attractions and sustainability 356
John Swarbrooke
29 Destination tourism: critical debates, research gaps and the need for a
new research agenda 365
Bruce Prideaux
30 Natural heritage, parks and protected areas 374
Warwick Frost & Jennifer Laing
vii
Contents
31 Changing audience behaviour: a pathway to sustainable event
management 384
James Musgrave & Stephen Henderson
32 Small fi rms and sustainable tourism policy: exploring moral framing 397
Rhodri Thomas
PART 5
Sustainable transport and mobility 407
33 Sustainable mobility 409
Erling Holden & Kristin Linnerud
34 The role of aviation in sustainable development of tourism 420
Paul Peeters & Rob Bongaerts
35 The environmental challenges of cruise tourism: impacts and
governance 430
Machiel Lamers, Eke Eijgelaar & Bas Amelung
36 Public transport 440
Diem-Trinh Le-Klähn
37 Sustainable space tourism: new destinations, new challenges 450
David Timothy Duval & C. Michael Hall
PART 6
Emerging issues and the future 461
38 Peak Oil and tourism: the end of growth? 463
Susanne Becken
39 Low-carbon and post-carbon travel and destinations 472
Stefan Gössling
40 Slow travel 481
Janet E. Dickinson
41 Tourism and sustainability: towards a green(er) tourism economy? 490
C. Michael Hall, Stefan Gössling & Daniel Scott
Index 520
viii
Figures
2.1 Sustainable tourism as a sub-set of sustainable development 16
2.2 Global ecological footprint and the conceptualisation of growth and
sustainability (Hall 2013) 29
3.1 Relationship between tourism’s contribution to GDP and the HDI for SIDS 54
3.2 Relationship between tourism’s contribution to GDP and the HDI for
LDCs 54
3.3 Relationship between tourism’s contribution to employment and the HDI
for SIDS 55
3.4 Relationship between tourism’s contribution to employment and the HDI
for LDCs 55
5.1 Yield dimensions 79
5.2 Integrated tourism yield framework 86
5.3 Financial Yield Matrix (in AU$) 86
5.4 Environmental yield matrix 87
6.1 The tourism commons 94
9.1 Growth of PPT articles 129
16.1 ‘Direct’ and ‘indirect’ environmental impacts arising during a product life
cycle. 211
16.2 The key stages and possible applications of LCA 213
17.1 Eco effi ciency by source market for Amsterdam 2002 230
24.1 Diff erential trends in European market arrivals to Bahamas 309
30.1 The iconic view of Monument Valley 381
31.1 A conceptual approach to achieving sustainable event objectives 388
32.1 Combinations of private and public moralisation 400
33.1 A typology for sustainable mobility policies 414
33.2 Relationship between ‘green transport’ attitude strength, energy use for
everyday travel, and energy use for leisure travel by plane (N = 616) 417
34.1 Comparing aircraft movements and noise energy 424
39.1 Emissions associated with diff erent holiday forms 473
39.2 Emissions per customer per day, as measured in kg CO-equivalent 474
2
39.3 South-West England carbon footprint per visitor day (kg CO) 475
2
41.1 Effi ciency and suffi ciency in sustainable tourism development 506