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THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF RELIGION AND ANIMAL ETHICS The ethical treatment of non-human animals is an increasingly significant issue, directly affecting how people share the planet with other creatures and visualize themselves within the natural world. T he Routledge Handbook of Religion and Animal Ethics is a key reference source in this area, looking specifically at the role religion plays in the formation of ethics around these concerns. Featuring thirty-five chapters by a team of international contributors, the handbook is divided into two parts. The first gives an overview of fifteen of the major world religions’ attitudes towards animal ethics and protection. The second features five sections addressing the following topics: • Human Interaction with Animals • Killing and Exploitation • Religious and Secular Law • Evil and Theodicy • Souls and Afterlife This handbook demonstrates that religious traditions, despite often being anthropocentric, do have much to offer to those seeking a framework for a more enlightened relationship between humans and non-human animals. As such, T he Routledge Handbook of Religion and Animal Ethics is essential reading for students and researchers in religious studies, theology and animal ethics as well as those studying the philosophy of religion and ethics more generally. Andrew Linzey is the director of the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics; an honorary research fellow at St Stephen’s House, University of Oxford; and a member of the Faculty of Theology in the University of Oxford. He is a visiting professor of animal theology at the University of Winchester and a professor of animal ethics at the Graduate Theological Foundation in Indiana. Clair Linzey is the deputy director of the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics. She holds an MA in theological studies from the University of St Andrews and an MTS from Harvard Divinity School. She is currently pursuing a doctorate at the University of St Andrews on the ecological theology of Leonardo Boff, with special consideration of the place of animals. ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOKS IN RELIGION The Routledge Handbook of Muslim – Jewish Relations Edited by Josef Meri The Routledge Handbook of Religious Naturalism Edited by Donald A. Crosby and Jerome A. Stone The Routledge Handbook of Death and the Afterlife Edited by Candi K. Cann The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Animal Ethics Edited by Andrew Linzey and Clair Linzey For more information about this series, please visit: w ww.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbooks- in-Religion/book-series/RHR THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF RELIGION AND ANIMAL ETHICS Edited by Andrew Linzey and Clair Linzey First published 2019 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 selection and editorial matter, Andrew Linzey and Clair Linzey; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Andrew Linzey and Clair Linzey to be identifi ed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-1-138-59272-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-48984-6 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC For Justus George Lawler, pioneer of the religious basis of animal rights CONTENTS Notes on Editors and Contributors xi I ntroduction: Toward a New(er) Religious Ethic for Animals 1 Andrew Linzey and Clair Linzey PART I Traditions 21 1 African Religions: Anthropocentrism and Animal Protection 23 Kai Horsthemke 2 Anglican Christianity: Animal Questions for Christian Doctrine 35 Lucy Gardner 3 Buddhism: Paradox and Practice – Morally Relevant Distinctions in the Buddhist Characterization of Animals 43 Alex Bruce 4 Confucianism and Daoism: Animals in Traditional Chinese Thought 56 Deborah Cao 5 Evangelical Christianity: Lord of Creation or Animal among Animals? Dominion, Darwin, and Duty 63 Philip Sampson 6 Hinduism: Animating Samadhi – Rethinking Animal–Human Relationships through Yoga 73 Kenneth Valpey vii Contents 7 Islam: Ants, Birds, and Other Affable Creatures in the Qur’an, Hadith, and Sufi Literature 80 Neal Robinson 8 Jainism: Animals and the Ethics of Intervention 91 Joseph A. Tuminello III 9 Judaism: The Human Animal and All Other Animals – Dominion or Duty? 101 Tony Bayfield 10 Mormonism: Harmony and Dissonance between Religion and Animal Ethics 107 Christopher Foster 11 Native American Religion: Restoring Species to the Circle of Life 116 Sidney Blankenship 12 Orthodox Christianity: Compassion for Animals 127 Kallistos Ware 13 Rastafarianism: A Hermeneutic of Animal Care 136 Adrian Anthony McFarlane 14 Roman Catholicism: A Strange Kind of Kindness – On Catholicism’s Moral Ambiguity toward Animals 142 Kurt Remele 15 Sikh Dharam: Ethics and Behavior toward Animals 150 Jagbir Jhutti-Johal PART II Issues 159 Human Interaction with Animals 161 16 “Nations like Yourselves”: Some Muslim Debates over Qur’an 6:38 163 Tim Winter 17 Invoking Another World: An Interreligious Reflection on Hindu Mythology 173 Michael Barnes viii Contents 18 A New Ethic of Holiness: Celtic Saints and Their Kinship with Animals 181 Edward C. Sellner 19 Franciscan Justice, Peace, and the Integrity of Creation: A Creation without Creatures 191 Andrea Barone Killing and Exploitation 199 20 Animals in Christian and Muslim Thought: Creatures, Creation, and Killing for Food 201 Carl Tobias Frayne 21 “You Shall Not Eat Any Abominable Thing” (Deut. 14:3) – An Examination of the Old Testament Food Laws with Animal Ethics in Mind 216 Deborah W. Rooke 22 Eden’s Diet: Christianity and Vegetarianism 223 Samantha Jane Calvert 23 Religion, Ethics, and Vegetarianism: The Case of McDonald’s in India 232 Kay Peggs 24 The Sacred and Mundane Cow: The History of India’s Cattle Protection Movement 245 Kelsi Nagy 25 Exposing the Harm in Euthanasia: Ahimsa and an Alternative View on Animal Welfare as Expressed in the Beliefs and Practices of the Skanda Vale Ashram, West Wales 264 Samantha Hurn Religious and Secular Law 275 26 Animals in Western Christian Canon Law 277 Simon Pulleyn 27 Catholic Law on Bullfighting 286 Margarita Carretero-González 28 Legal Responses to Questions of Animal Ethics and Religious Freedom 295 Rachel J. Wechsler ix