Table Of Content

THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF PLANNING RESEARCH METHODS The Routledge Handbook of Planning Research Methods is an expansive look at the traditions, methods, and challenges of research design and research projects in contemporary urban planning. Through case studies, an international group of researchers, planning practitioners, and planning academics and educators provide accounts of designing and implementing research projects from different approaches and venues. This text shows how to apply quantitative and qualitative methods to projects, and how to take your research from the classroom to the real world. The book is structured into sections focusing on : (cid:129) beginning planning research (cid:129) research design and development (cid:129) rediscovering qualitative methods (cid:129) new advances in quantitative methods (cid:129) turning research into action . With chapters written by some of the leading scholars in urban planning, T he Routledge Hand- book of Planning Research Methods is valuable for planning students at all levels, and a graduate-level textbook for research design and thesis courses. Elisabete A. Silva is a Senior Lecturer in Spatial Planning at the Department of Land Econ- omy, University of Cambridge, UK. Her research interests focus on the application of dynamic urban models to urban planning (in particular GIS, CA, and ABM models). She is the co-author of A Planner’s Encounter with Complexity (Ashgate 2011) and editor of the journal U rban Design and Planning . Patsy Healey is Professor Emeritus in the School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, at Newcastle University, UK. She is the author of several widely read books in the planning fi eld, and is particularly known for her work on collaborative planning processes. Recent books include Urban Complexity and Spatial Strategy-Making (Routledge 2007) and M aking Better Places (Palgrave Macmillan 2010). Neil Harris is a Senior Lecturer in the Cardiff School of Planning and Geography, UK. He has engaged in both academic research and consultancy projects for government, professional bodies, and charities. He completed his professional planning education and doctorate at Cardiff and is a Chartered Town Planner. Pieter Van den Broeck is a Postdoctoral Researcher at KU Leuven, Belgium, and a Spatial Planner for the planning fi rm OMGEVING. His current research interests are in institutionalist planning theory, planning instruments and planning systems, territorial development through social innovation, and planning for sustainable development. This page intentionally left blank THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF PLANNING RESEARCH METHODS Edited by Elisabete A. Silva, Patsy Healey, Neil Harris, and Pieter Van den Broeck First published 2015 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Elisabete A. Silva, Patsy Healey, Neil Harris, and Pieter Van den Broeck The right of Elisabete A. Silva, Patsy Healey, Neil Harris, and Pieter Van den Broeck to be identifi ed as authors of the editorial material, and of the individual authors as authors of their contributions, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Routledge handbook of planning research methods / edited by Elisabete A. Silva, Patsy Healey, Neil Harris, and Pieter Van Den Broeck. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. City planning—Research. 2. City planning— Research—Case studies. I. Silva, Elisabete A. HT165.5.R68 2014 307.1ʹ216072—dc23 2013050942 ISBN13: 978-0-415-72795-2 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-1-315-85188-4 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC CONTENTS List of fi gures xi List of tables xiv List of contributors xvi Introduction: the craft of ‘doing research’ in spatial and regional planning xxiv Elisabete A. Silva, Patsy Healey, Neil Harris, and Pieter Van den Broeck PART 1 Personal refl ections on research careers 1 1.1 Introduction 3 Patsy Healey, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, UK 1.2 Learning the craft of research: a continuing process 5 Patsy Healey, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, UK 1.3 Shifting between academia and practice: refl ections on doing planning research in a university environment 12 Neil Harris, Cardiff School of Planning and Geography, Cardiff University, UK 1.4 Research methodology and my life: some personal refl ections 18 Mee Kam Ng, Department of Geography and Resource Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong v Contents 1.5 It takes more than just l ooking to make a difference: the challenge for planning research 24 Heather Campbell, Department of Town and Regional Planning, Sheffi eld University, UK 1.6 The life-changing transitions of an academic research career 33 Elisabete A. Silva, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, UK 1.7 Learning the craft of academic writing 40 John Forester, Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, USA PART 2 The craft of research 55 2.1 Introduction 57 Patsy Healey, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, UK 2.2 Research design 61 Jacques du Toit, Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Pretoria, South Africa 2.3 Planning research ethics 74 Huw Thomas, School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, UK, and Francesco Lo Piccolo, University of Palermo, Italy 2.4 What can we learn from France? Some refl ections on the methodologies of cross-national research 84 Philip Booth, Department of Town and Regional Planning, Sheffi eld University, UK 2.5 Towards social holism: social innovation, holistic research methodology and pragmatic collective action in spatial planning 97 Frank Moulaert, Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Spatial Planning, University of Leuven, Belgium, and Abid Mehmood, Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, UK 2.6 Refutation and the knowledge base of urban planning 107 Chris Webster, Faculty of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 2.7 Inquiry and design for spatial planning: three approaches to planning research in late modern cities 121 Pier Carlo Palermo and Davide Ponzini, Department of Architecture and Planning, Politecnico di Milano, Italy vi Contents PART 3 Working within a qualitative tradition 133 3.1 Rediscovering qualitative research 135 Pieter Van den Broeck, Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Spatial Planning, University of Leuven, Belgium 3.2 Analysing qualitative data 140 Robert Mark Silverman, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University at Buffalo, US A 3.3 Researching community engagement in post-1997 Hong Kong: collaborative or manipulative practice? 157 Mee Kam Ng, Department of Geography and Resources Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 3.4 Planning for the place: ethnographic research and planning practice 169 Sandra Lee Pinel, University of Idaho, US A 3.5 Researching professional perspectives in practice: a pedagogic-ethnographic approach 182 Maria Håkansson, Urban and Regional Studies, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 3.6 Analysing cartographic representations in spatial planning 192 Stefanie Dühr, Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands 3.7 Urban morphology and cultural expressions: qualitative methods to understand the city’s dynamic in a self-built area in Caracas, Venezuela 202 Gabriela Quintana Vigiola, School of Built Environment, Faculty of Design, Architecture and Building, University of Technology, Sydney , Australia 3.8 A value-oriented approach to discursive analysis of urban and regional planning 213 W.W. Buunk and L.M.C. van der Weide, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands 3.9 Imagination as a method for generating knowledge about possible urban futures 225 Diane Davis, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, USA, and Tali Hatuka, Department of Geography and Urban Environment, Tel Aviv University, Israel vii Contents 3.10 From wicked problems to elusive planning: exploring Dubai’s development conundrum 235 Mahyar Arefi , School of Planning, University of Cincinnati, US A PART 4 Working within a quantitative tradition 249 4.1 Quantitative methods’ expertise – a diverse landscape in Europe and around the world 251 Elisabete A. Silva, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, UK 4.2 Thinking spatially, thinking statistically 255 Robert Haining, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK 4.3 Indicators and spatial planning: methods and applications 268 Cecilia Wong, Centre for Urban Policy Studies, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, UK 4.4 Measuring space: a review of spatial metrics for urban growth and shrinkage 279 José P. Reis, Elisabete A. Silva, Department of Land Economy, University Cambridge, UK, and Paulo Pinho, Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal 4.5 Regression analysis in planning research 293 Helen Bao, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, UK 4.6 Spatial econometrics in practice 311 Pedro Pires de Matos, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, University of North Carolina, US A 4.7 Planning support systems (PSS) as research instruments 322 Stan Geertman, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Netherlands 4.8 Geoprocessing and spatial planning: some concepts and applications 335 Jorge Xavier da Silva, Department and Lab of Jorge Xavier da Silva, Geoprocessing Laboratory/Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Tiago Badre Marino, Department of Geosciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Maria Hilde de Barros Goes, Institute of Agronomy/Department of Geosciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil viii Contents 4.9 Spatial simulation and the real world: digital methods and techniques in the context of strategic planning 348 Claudia Yamu and Andreas Voigt, Faculty of Planning and Architecture, Vienna University of Technology, Austria; and Pierre Frankhauser, Université de Franche-Comté, France 4.10 Spatial data infrastructures for spatial planning research 364 Max Craglia, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, European Commission, Europe 4.11 Urban sprawl and region building 375 Gu Chaolin, School of Architecture and Department of Urban Planning, Tsinghua University, China PART 5 Methodology in action 399 5.1 Methodology in action: the relationship between research and practice 401 Neil Harris, Cardiff School of Planning and Geography, Cardiff University, UK 5.2 Research impact: should the sky be the limit? 405 Simin Davoudi, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, UK 5.3 Enabling transdisciplinary research on social cohesion in the city: the Social Polis experience 414 Davide Cassinari and Frank Moulaert, Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Spatial Planning, University of Leuven, Belgium 5.4 Researching for policy relevance: critical refl ections on government-sponsored research 426 Deborah Peel and Greg Lloyd, Built Environment Research Institute, University of Ulster, UK 5.5 Using the case study approach to inform planning practice and research in Africa 440 James Duminy, African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, South Africa 5.6 Urban master planning in China: a case study of policy and practice in Hua County 449 Guanzeng Zhang, Baoyu Wang and Xinyan Jiang, Tongjin University, China ix