The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language PDF
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i The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art interdisciplinary research on metaphor and language. Featuring 35 chap- ters, written by leading scholars from around the world, the volume takes a broad view of the field of metaphor and language, and brings together diverse and distinct theoretical and applied perspectives to cover six key areas: • Theoretical approaches to metaphor and language, covering Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Relevance Theory, Blending Theory and Dynamical Systems Theory; • Methodological approaches to metaphor and language, discussing ways of identifying metaphors in verbal texts, images and gestures, as well as the use of corpus linguistics; • Formal variation in patterns of metaphor use across text types, historical periods and languages; • Functional variation of metaphor, in contexts including educational, commercial, scien- tific and political discourse, as well as online trolling; • The applications of metaphor for problem solving, in business, education, healthcare and conflict situations; • Language, metaphor, and cognitive development, examining the processing and com- prehension of metaphors. The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language is a must-have survey of this key field, and is essential reading for those interested in language and metaphor. Elena Semino is Professor of Linguistics and Verbal Art and Head of the Department of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University, UK. She also holds a Visiting Professorship at Fuzhou University in China. Zsófia Demjén is Senior Lecturer in Applied Linguistics at UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK. Routledge Handbooks in Linguistics Routledge Handbooks in Linguistics provide overviews of a whole subject area or sub- discipline in linguistics, and survey the state of the discipline including emerging and cutting edge areas. Edited by leading scholars, these volumes include contributions from key academics from around the world and are essential reading for both advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. The Routledge Handbook of Syntax Edited by Andrew Carnie, Yosuke Sato and Daniel Siddiqi The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics Edited by Claire Bowern and Bethwyn Evans The Routledge Handbook of Language and Culture Edited by Farzad Sharifian The Routledge Handbook of Semantics Edited by Nick Riemer The Routledge Handbook of Linguistics Edited by Keith Allan The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System Edited by Vivian Cook and Des Ryan The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language Edited by Elena Semino and Zsófia Demjén The Routledge Handbook of Language and Media Edited by Daniel Perrin and Colleen Cotter The Routledge Handbook of Phonological Theory Edited by S.J. Hannahs and Anna Bosch The Routledge Handbook of Theoretical and Experimental Sign Language Research Edited by Annika Hermann, Roland Pfau and Josep Quer The Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology Edited by Nancy Bonvillain The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language Edited by Elena Semino and Zsófia Demjén First published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 selection and editorial matter, Elena Semino and Zsófia Demjén; individual chapters, the contributors The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this title has been requested ISBN: 978-1-138-77536-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-67295-3 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK Contents List of figures ix List of tables x Acknowledgements xi Contributors xii Introduction: metaphor and language 1 Zsófia Demjén and Elena Semino PART I Theoretical approaches to metaphor and language 11 1 Conceptual metaphor theory 13 Zoltán Kövecses 2 Figurativeness, conceptual metaphor, and blending 28 Barbara Dancygier 3 Relevance theory and metaphor 42 Robyn Carston 4 Metaphor, language, and dynamical systems 56 Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. PART II Methodological approaches to metaphor and language 71 5 Identifying metaphors in language 73 Gerard Steen v Contents 6 Finding systematic metaphors 88 Robert Maslen 7 From linguistic to conceptual metaphors 102 Alice Deignan 8 Corpus-linguistic approaches to metaphor analysis 117 Heli Tissari 9 Analysing metaphor in gesture: a set of metaphor identification guidelines for gesture (MIG-G) 131 Alan Cienki 10 Analysing metaphors in multimodal texts 148 Elisabeth El Refaie PART III Formal variation of metaphor in language 163 11 Metaphor and parts-of-speech 165 Tina Krennmayr 12 Textual patterning of metaphor 178 Aletta G. Dorst 13 Genre and metaphor: use and variation across usage events 193 Rosario Caballero 14 Creative metaphor in literature 206 Marco Caracciolo 15 Conventional and novel metaphors in language 219 Gill Philip 16 Metaphor and diachronic variation 233 Wendy Anderson 17 Metaphor in translation 247 Christina Schäffner 18 Metaphor in sign language 263 Michiko Kaneko and Rachel Sutton-Spence vi Contents PART IV Functional variation of metaphor in language 281 19 Metaphor use in educational contexts: functions and variations 283 Jeannette Littlemore 20 Metaphor and the representation of scientific issues: climate change in print and online media 296 Nelya Koteyko and Dimitrinka Atanasova 21 Metaphor and persuasion in politics 309 Andreas Musolff 22 Metaphor and persuasion in commercial advertising 323 Laura Hidalgo-Downing and Blanca Kraljevic-Mujic 23 Metaphor and story-telling 337 L. David Ritchie 24 Metaphor, impoliteness, and offence in online communication 353 Zsófia Demjén and Claire Hardaker PART V Applications and interventions: using metaphor for problem solving 369 25 Using metaphor in healthcare: mental health 371 Dennis Tay 26 Using metaphor in healthcare: physical health 385 Zsófia Demjén and Elena Semino 27 Using metaphor as a management tool 400 Linda Greve 28 Using metaphor in the teaching of second/foreign languages 413 Fiona MacArthur 29 Using metaphor for peace-building, empathy, and reconciliation 426 Lynne Cameron 30 Using metaphor to influence public perceptions and policy: how metaphors can save the world 443 Joseph Grady vii Contents PART VI Language, metaphor, and cognitive development 455 31 Metaphor processing 457 Herbert L. Colston and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. 32 Psycholinguistic approaches to metaphor acquisition and use 472 Albert N. Katz 33 Metaphor acquisition and use in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders 486 Gabriella Rundblad 34 Metaphor comprehension and production in a second language 503 Susan Nacey Epilogue: metaphors for language and communication 517 Philip Eubanks Index 529 viii Figures 2.1 Argument is wAr: the conceptual metaphor 30 2.2 Argument is wAr: the blend 33 9.1 Gesture produced when saying ‘draw your line’ 132 9.2 Preparation phase (2a), stroke phase (2b), retraction phase (2c) 138 10.1 Forney’s Marbles (2012), p. 59 156 10.2 Forney’s Marbles (2012), p. 49 158 10.3 Forney’s Marbles (2012), p. 77 159 15.1 Definition of ‘banana’ (Sinclair 2001). Cobuild 223 15.2 Output from @MetaphorMagnet 230 18.1 The BSL sign what 265 18.2 (a) an established sign for dog in BSL; (b) productive sign showing the dog enthusiastically wagging its tail at a human beside it; (c) productive sign showing the dog running 266 18.3 The sign tree 271 18.4 Metaphorical and iconic mappings for the sign eat 273 18.5 Metaphorical and iconic mappings for the sign mainstream 273 18.6 The sign reindeer 274 18.7 The signs with bent fingers in Wim Emmerik’s Garden of Eden 276 18.8 Handshapes used in this chapter 279 22.1 Huawei ad 332 25.1 Enhancing therapeutic protocols which use metaphor 377 27.1 Two buildings from the dataset, showing two different representations of knowledge 409 29.1 Discourse dynamics model of empathy–dyspathy 438 ix
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