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THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF DEMOCRACY AND SUSTAINABILITY This handbook provides comprehensive and critical coverage of the dynamic and complex relationship between democracy and sustainability in contemporary theory, discourse and practice. Distinguished scholars from different disciplines, such as political science, sociology, phil- osophy and international relations, look at the present state of this relationship, asking how it has evolved and where it is likely to go in the future. They examine compatibilities and tensions, continuities and changes, as well as challenges and potentials across theoretical, empirical and practical contexts. This wide- spanning collection brings together multiple established and emerging viewpoints on the debate between democracy and sustainability which have, until now, been fragmented and diffuse. It comprises diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives discussing democracy’s role in, and potential for, coping with sustainability issues from the local to the global scales. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of arguments, claims, questions and insights that are put forward regarding the relationship between democracy and sustainability. In the process, it not only consolidates and condenses, but also broadens and captures the many nuances of the debate. By showing how theoretical, empirical and practical accounts are interrelated, focusing on diverse problem areas and spheres of action, it serves as a knowledge source for professionals who seek to develop action strategies that do justice to both sustainability and democracy, as well as providing a valuable reference for academic researchers, lecturers and students. Basil Bornemann is a senior researcher and lecturer at the Social Research and Methodology Group and the Sustainability Research Group, University of Basel, Switzerland. He has an inter- disciplinary study background in environmental sciences and holds a PhD in political science from Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany, and a venia legendi in political science and sustainability research from the University of Basel. His research focuses on sustainability- oriented governance transformations and their democratic implications in various areas such as energy and food. At present, he is involved in a research project on “Sustainabilisation of the State” funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Basil is further interested in principles and practices of transformative sustainability research. Henrike Knappe is a post- doc scholar and research group leader at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam, Germany. Previously, she was a research associate at the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities (KWI) Essen and held guest fellowships at the University of Washington, Seattle and Stockholm University. Her research interests are future representations in global environmental politics, practices of translation, as well as post- colonial and feminist futures. Patrizia Nanz is a political scientist and expert on democracy, citizen participation and sustainable transformations. Currently, she is Vice President of the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal (BASE), Germany. She is also co- director of the Franco– German Forum for the Future, a dialogue forum for societal transformations. Previously, she has been Scientific Director at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Co-C hair of the Science Platform Sustainability 2030 for the German government and Professor of Transformative Sustainability Science at the University of Potsdam. THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF DEMOCRACY AND SUSTAINABILITY Edited by Basil Bornemann, Henrike Knappe and Patrizia Nanz First published 2022 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Basil Bornemann, Henrike Knappe and Patrizia Nanz; individual chapters, the contributors. The right of Basil Bornemann, Henrike Knappe and Patrizia Nanz to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Bornemann, Basil, editor. | Knappe, Henrike, 1985– editor. | Nanz, Patrizia, editor. Title: The Routledge handbook of democracy and sustainability / edited by Basil Bornemann, Henrike Knappe and Patrizia Nanz. Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021038853 (print) | LCCN 2021038854 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367109585 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032194936 (paperback) | ISBN 9780429024085 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Sustainable development. | Democracy. Classification: LCC HC79.E5 R67468 2022 (print) | LCC HC79.E5 (ebook) | DDC 338.9/27–dc23/eng/20211001 LC record available at https://lccnloc.gov/2021038853 LC ebook record available at https://lccnloc.gov/2021038854 ISBN: 978- 0- 367- 10958- 5 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 19493- 6 (pbk) ISBN: 978- 0- 429- 02408- 5 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/ 9780429024085 Typeset in Bembo by Newgen Publishing UK CONTENTS List of illustrations ix List of contributors x 1 General introduction: democracy and sustainability 1 Basil Bornemann, Henrike Knappe and Patrizia Nanz PART I Origins and developments 19 2 Origins and developments of democratic thinking and practice 21 Felix Heidenreich 3 Sustainable development: between reformist change and radical transformation 35 Susan Baker 4 Democracy and sustainability: an evolving relationship 51 Manuel Arias- Maldonado PART II Theories and concepts 67 5 Inclusion, participation and future generations 69 Maija Setälä 6 Political representation and sustainable futures 83 Henrike Knappe v Contents 7 Deliberation and sustainability: from policy instrument to emancipation 96 Marit Hammond and Graham Smith 8 Temporality and democratic sustainability 107 Rosine Kelz, Henrike Knappe and Alexander Neupert- Doppler 9 Sustainability, democracy and the value of freedom 121 Marcel Wissenburg 10 Sustainability, well- being and justice 135 Paul Burger and Marius Christen PART III Structures and dynamics 151 11 Escalating side effects: the transformation of modern society through processes of cosmopolitanization, acceleration and increasing global risks 153 Ulrich Beck and Hartmut Rosa 12 Capitalism, consumerism and democracy in contemporary societies 163 Karl- Michael Brunner, Michael Jonas and Beate Littig 13 Power and democracy in the transition to sustainability 178 Lena Partzsch 14 Postsecularity and sustainable development 189 Jens Köhrsen PART IV Actors and governance contexts 205 15 The modern state and sustainability: challenges to governance 207 Daniel Fiorino 16 Corporate power and the shaping of sustainability governance 222 Doris Fuchs and Sophie Dolinga 17 Democracy beyond the state: non-state actors and the legitimacy of climate governance 237 Jens Marquardt and Karin Bäckstrand 18 Global governance and democracy: aligning procedural and substantive accounts? 254 Magdalena Bexell vi Contents 19 Urban sustainability and (post- )democracy: policies, practices and movements 267 Marit Rosol and Vincent Béal 20 Science and democracy: partners for sustainability? 283 Jennifer S. Bansard and Sandra van der Hel PART V Issues and policy areas 299 21 Climate change and green democratic transformations 301 Amanda Machin 22 Biodiversity conservation and the role of democracy 313 Stefan Ewert and Susanne Stoll- Kleemann 23 Gendered pathways of democracy to sustainability 328 Philippe Doneys and Bernadette P. Resurrección 24 Migration and mobility: environmental, social and political dimensions 339 Katrin Sontag 25 Food sustainability and food democracy: exploring the links 350 Basil Bornemann 26 Health and human rights 368 Markus Sperl, Anna Holzscheiter and Thurid Bahr PART VI Innovations and experiments 385 27 Behavioral economics and nudging: assessing the democratic quality of sustainable behavior change agendas 387 Tobias Gumbert 28 Collaborative consumption: a mechanism for sustainability and democracy? 401 Anna Davies 29 Socio- environmental movements as democratizing agents 413 Viviana Asara vii Contents PART VII Challenges and perspectives 429 30 Sustainable development and regime type: what can we learn from a comparison of democracies and autocracies? 431 Stefan Wurster 31 Democratic governance and environmental sustainability: engaging the technocratic challenge deliberatively 447 Frank Fischer 32 Reframing the Anthropocene: democratic challenges and openings for sustainability 461 Ayşem Mert and Jens Marquardt 33 Post- democracy and post- sustainability 476 Ingolfur Blühdorn 34 Structural irresponsibility: politics of an imperfect future 495 Barbara Adam Index 507 viii ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 10.1 Eudemonic item battery for well- being/ quality of life 139 10.2 Nussbaum’s capability list (1999) 141 17.1 Research on non- state actor involvement in climate governance 241 30.1 Sustainability Instruments in Democracies 440 Tables 13.1 Power and responsibility for change 179 17.1 Five dimensions of the democratic values approach 240 25.1 Relating dimensions of democratic legitimacy with sustainability dimensions 362 ix