THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy is an outstanding guide and reference source to the key topics, subjects, thinkers, and debates in feminist philosophy. Fifty- six chapters, written by an international team of contributors specifically for the Companion, are organized into five sections: (1) Engaging the Past; (2) Mind, Body, and World; (3) Knowledge, Language, and Science; (4) Intersections; (5) Ethics, Politics, and Aesthetics. The volume provides a mutually enriching representation of the sev- eral philosophical traditions that contribute to feminist philosophy. It also foregrounds issues of global concern and scope; shows how feminist theory meshes with rich theo- retical approaches that start from transgender identities, race and ethnicity, sexuality, disabilities, and other axes of identity and oppression; and highlights the interdiscipli- narity of feminist philosophy and the ways that it both critiques and contributes to the whole range of subfields within philosophy. Ann Garry is Professor Emerita of Philosophy at California State University, Los Angeles. Her work in feminist philosophy ranges from applied ethics to intersectionality and feminist philosophical methods. Serene J. Khader is Jay Newman Chair in Philosophy of Culture at Brooklyn College and Associate Professor at the CUNY Graduate Center. Her research in feminist philosophy focuses on global gender justice. Alison Stone is Professor of European Philosophy at Lancaster University, UK. She specializes in feminist philosophy and post-Kantian European philosophy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Routledge Philosophy Companions Routledge Philosophy Companions offer thorough, high quality surveys and assessments of the major topics and periods in philosophy. Covering key problems, themes and thinkers, all entries are specially commissioned for each volume and written by lead- ing scholars in the field. Clear, accessible and carefully edited and organized, Routledge Philosophy Companions are indispensable for anyone coming to a major topic or period in philosophy, as well as for the more advanced reader. The Routledge Companion to Free Will Edited by Kevin Timpe, Meghan Griffith, and Neil Levy The Routledge Companion to Sixteenth Century Philosophy Edited by Benjamin Hill and Henrik Lagerlund The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Social Science Edited by Lee McIntyre and Alex Rosenberg The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy Edited by Ann Garry, Serene J. Khader, and Alison Stone — For a full list of published Routledge Philosophy Companions, please visit www.routledge. com/series/PHILCOMP. Forthcoming The Routledge Companion to Seventeenth Century Philosophy Edited by Dan Kaufman The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments Edited by James Robert Brown, Yiftach Fehige, and Michael T. Stuart The Routledge Companion to Medieval Philosophy Edited by Richard Cross and JT Paasch The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Race Edited by Paul C. Taylor, Linda Martín Alcoff, and Luvell Anderson The Routledge Companion to Environmental Ethics Edited by Benjamin Hale and Andrew Light The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Technology Edited by Joseph Pitt and Ashley Shew Helfin The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Psychology, Second Edition Edited by Sarah Robins, John Symons, and Paco Calvo The Routledge Companion to Shakespeare and Philosophy Edited by Craig Bourne and Emily Caddick Bourne The Routledge Companion to the Frankfurt School Edited by Axel Honneth, Espen Hammer, and Peter Gordon The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Physics Edited by Eleanor Knox and Alastair Wilson THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY Edited by Ann Garry, Serene J. Khader, and Alison Stone First published 2017 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Taylor & Francis The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Garry, Ann, editor. Title: The Routledge companion to feminist philosophy / edited by Ann Garry, Serene J. Khader, and Alison Stone. Description: 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge philosophy companions | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016046368 | ISBN 9781138795921 (hardback) Subjects: LCSH: Feminist theory. Classification: LCC HQ1190 .R68 2017 | DDC 305.4201—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016046368 ISBN: 978-1-138-79592-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-75815-2 (ebk) Typeset in Goudy Oldstyle Std by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK CONTENTS Notes on Contributors x Introduction 1 ANN GARRY, SERENE J. KHADER, AND ALISON STONE PART I Engaging the Past 11 1 Feminist Methods in the History of Philosophy, or, Escape from Coventry 13 MOIRA GATENS 2 Feminism and Ancient Greek Philosophy 23 ADRIANA CAVARERO 3 Dao Becomes Female: A Gendered Reality, Knowledge, and Strategy for Living 35 ROBIN R.WANG 4 Feminism, Philosophy, and Culture in Africa 49 TANELLA BONI 5 Feminist Engagement with Judeo-Christian Religious Traditions 60 BEVERLEY CLACK 6 Early Modern Feminism and Cartesian Philosophy 71 JACQUELINE BROAD 7 Feminist Engagements with Social Contract Theory 82 JANICE RICHARDSON 8 Feminism and the Enlightenment 94 SUSANNE LETTOW CONTENTS 9 Feminist Engagements with Nineteenth-Century German Philosophy 107 ELAINE P. MILLER 10 Introducing Black Feminist Philosophy 120 KRISTIE DOTSON 11 Feminist Pragmatism 132 V. DENISE JAMES 12 Feminist Phenomenology 143 ALIA AL-SAJI PART II Body, Mind, and World 155 13 The Sex/Gender Distinction and the Social Construction of Reality 157 SALLY HASLANGER 14 Gender Essentialism and Anti-Essentialism 168 MARI MIKKOLA 15 Embodiment and Feminist Philosophy 180 SARA HEINÄMAA 16 Materiality: Sex, Gender, and What Lies Beneath 194 CLAIRE COLEBROOK 17 Feminism and Borderlands Identities 207 EDWINA BARVOSA 18 Personal Identity and Relational Selves 218 SUSAN J. BRISON 19 Psychoanalysis, Subjectivity, and Feminism 231 KELLY OLIVER PART III Knowledge, Language, and Science 241 20 Rationality and Objectivity in Feminist Philosophy 243 PHYLLIS ROONEY vi CONTENTS 21 Trust and Testimony in Feminist Epistemology 256 HEIDI GRASSWICK 22 Epistemic Injustice, Ignorance, and Trans Experience 268 MIRANDA FRICKER AND KATHARINE JENKINS 23 Speech and Silencing 279 ISHANI MAITRA 24 Language, Writing, and Gender Differences 292 GERTRUDE POSTL 25 Philosophy of Science and the Feminist Legacy 303 JANET A. KOURANY 26 Values, Practices, and Metaphysical Assumptions in the Biological Sciences 314 SARA WEAVER AND CARLA FEHR 27 Feminist Philosophy of Social Science 328 ALISON WYLIE PART IV Intersections 341 28 The Genealogy and Viability of the Concept of Intersectionality 343 TINA FERNANDES BOTTS 29 Critical Race Theory, Intersectionality, and Feminist Philosophy 358 FALGUNI A. SHETH 30 Native American Chaos Theory and the Politics of Difference 370 SHAY WELCH 31 Feminist Theory, Lesbian Theory, and Queer Theory 382 MIMI MARINUCCI 32 Through the Looking Glass: Trans Theory Meets Feminist Philosophy 393 TALIA MAE BETTCHER 33 Feminist and Queer Intersections with Disability Studies 405 KIM Q. HALL vii CONTENTS 34 Women, Gender, and Philosophies of Global Development 419 SANDRA HARDING AND ANNA MALAVISI 35 Feminist Intersections with Environmentalism and Ecological Thought 432 TRISH GLAZEBROOK 36 Encountering Religious Diversity: Perspectives from Feminist Philosophy of Religion 446 PATRICE HAYNES PART V Ethics, Politics, and Aesthetics 459 Aesthetics 461 37 Historicizing Feminist Aesthetics 463 TINA CHANTER 38 Aesthetics and the Politics of Gender: On Arendt’s Theory of Narrative and Action 474 EWA PLONOWSKA ZIAREK 39 Feminist Aesthetics and the Categories of the Beautiful and the Sublime 485 CHRISTINE BATTERSBY Ethics 499 40 Moral Justification in an Unjust World 501 ALISON M. JAGGAR AND THERESA W. TOBIN 41 Feminist Conceptions of Autonomy 515 CATRIONA MACKENZIE 42 Feminist Metaethics 528 ANITA SUPERSON 43 Feminist Ethics of Care 540 JEAN KELLER AND EVA FEDER KITTAY 44 Confucianism and Care Ethics 556 SIN YEE CHAN viii CONTENTS 45 Feminist Virtue Ethics 568 ROBIN S. DILLON 46 Feminist Bioethics 579 WENDY A. ROGERS Social and Political Philosophy 593 47 Multicultural and Postcolonial Feminisms 595 MONICA MOOKHERJEE 48 Neoliberalism, Global Justice, and Transnational Feminisms 607 SERENE J. KHADER 49 Feminism, Structural Injustice, and Responsibility 620 SERENA PAREKH 50 Latin American Feminist Ethics and Politics 631 AMY A. OLIVER 51 Feminist Engagements with Democratic Theory 642 NOËLLE MCAFEE 52 Feminism and Liberalism 652 CLARE CHAMBERS 53 Feminism and Freedom 665 ALLISON WEIR 54 Feminism and Power 678 JOHANNA OKSALA 55 Feminist Approaches to Violence and Vulnerability 689 ELIZABETH FRAZER AND KIMBERLY HUTCHINGS 56 Feminist Philosophy of Law, Legal Positivism, and Non-Ideal Theory 701 LESLIE P. FRANCIS Index 713 ix
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