The Roman Street: Urban Life and Society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome PDF
Preview The Roman Street: Urban Life and Society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome
THE ROMAN STREET Every day, Roman urbanites took to the street for myriad tasks, from hawking vegetables and worshipping local deities to simply loitering and socializing.Hartnetttakesreadersintothisthicketofactivityasherepopu- latesRomanstreetswitharangeofsensations,participants,andeventsthat stretches far beyond simple movement. Because everyone from slave to senator met in this communal space, city dwellers found unparalleled opportunities for self-aggrandizing display and the negotiation of social and political tensions. Hartnett charts how Romans preened and paraded inthestreetandhowtheyexploitedthestreet’scollectivespacetolobinsults andrespondtopersonalrebukes.Combiningtextualevidence,comparative historical material, and contemporary urban theory with architectural and arthistoricalanalysis,TheRomanStreetoffersasocialandculturalhistoryof urbanspacesthatrestoresthemtotheirrightfulplaceasprimaryvenuesfor socialperformanceintheancientworld. Jeremy Hartnett is Associate Professor and Chair of Classics at Wabash College, where he holds the Anne and Andrew T. Ford Chair in the Liberal Arts. He is the author of numerous articles and chapters on Romanurbanhistory,thehistoryofphotography,andcollegiatepedagogy, and he has been awarded fellowships and grants from the National EndowmentfortheHumanities,theMichiganSocietyofFellows,andthe ArchaeologicalInstituteofAmerica. THE ROMAN STREET URBAN LIFE AND SOCIETY IN POMPEII, HERCULANEUM, AND ROME JEREMY HARTNETT WabashCollege OneLibertyPlaza,NewYork,NY10006,USA CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107105706 10.1017/9781316226438 ©JeremyHartnett2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks,Inc. AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-107-10570-6Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. ThispublicationhasbeensupportedbyagrantfromtheSamuelH.KressFoundation, administeredbytheArchaeologicalInstituteofAmerica. CONTENTS ListofColorPlates pageviii ListofIllustrations ix ListofTables xii Acknowledgments xiii INTRODUCTION 1 StreetsPastandPresent 5 WaystoSeetheCity 12 EvidenceandApproachI:TimeandSpace 15 EvidenceandApproachII:SourcesfortheSoftCity 17 OutlineoftheBook 19 PartI RepopulatingtheStreet 23 1 STREET FORMS, STREET MOVEMENTS 27 “The”RomanStreet?PhysicalForms,Names,andTypicality 28 TheStreetasCorridorforMovement 36 2 LIFE IN THE STREET 45 SocializingintheStreet 46 SpotsforCongregating 53 TheStreetasanEconomicSpace 60 RitualandtheStreet 67 TheSensationalStreet 69 Conclusion 74 3 THE STREET’S SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 76 WhoWasontheStreet? 77 TheRomanStreet’sPhysicalEnvironmentinComparative Perspective 79 SocialContactintheStreetandCity 84 v vi CONTENTS PerformanceandPosturingintheStreet 87 ComeasYouAre:EvaluationontheStreet 93 TheStreetasanArenaofHonorandRevenge 98 MaintainingStatus 103 Conclusion:AwarenessofSocialHierarchy 108 PartII TheStreetandItsArchitecturalBorder 113 4 SIDEWALKS UNDER SIEGE: HOUSES, OWNERS, AND URBAN CONTEXT 117 HouseExteriors:DisplayandAssessment 119 PavingtheWay(andtheSidewalk) 123 Speech,Song,andActionattheHouseDoor 125 ReachingBeyondtheHouse 132 VisibilityandIntra-UrbanViews 137 Conclusion 144 5 HOUSE FAÇADES AND THE ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE OF SELF-PRESENTATION 146 Doorways,Defense,andDomesticPriorities 151 FaçadeForms 155 The“AestheticofAusterity”andRestraintinSelf-Presentation 158 AusterityinItsPhysicalContext 161 FaçadesandtheFirstStyle:Forms,Chronology,andDefinitions 164 TheArchitecturalLanguageofPublicStanding 168 FaçadeFunctionsontheOutside:UnityandCoherence 172 SizingtheHouse:SidesandSidewalks 174 BringingtheInsideOutside 179 TheViewThroughasFaçadeElement 188 Conclusion:DecorationInsideandOutsideRevisited 192 6 THE“IN” ANDTHE“OUT”: STREETSIDE BENCHESAND URBAN SOCIETY 195 AssumptionsandAgencyintheStudyofBenches 198 BenchesandBuildings 201 MeaningsandPurposesofBenches 204 BenchesandtheStreet 210 BenchesasObstructions 218 BenchesasPublicWorks 219 Conclusion 222 CONTENTS vii PartIII TheStreetinMicrocosm 225 7 ON THE EDGE OF THE CIVIC: A HERCULANEUM STREET 227 ContextsandDevelopmentoftheStreet 230 StoryOne:Amenities,Aphrodite,andanAedile 232 TheFountain 234 TheWaterTower 236 StoryTwo:TheAugustalesClaimaPlace 239 TheHeadquartersoftheAugustales 240 TheAugustalesandthePorticus 244 AugustalesintheStreetandCity 245 StoryThree:L.VenidiusEnnychusandtheCasadelSaloneNero 247 TheManandtheHouse 248 FaçadePaintingandImageMaking 253 Conclusion:MoreStories 255 8 A CONTENTIOUS COMMERCIAL STREET IN POMPEII 259 ContextoftheCorner 260 StoryOne:AnAltarattheCrossroads 263 CrossroadOfficials 264 TheAugustLares 266 TheTwelveGods 267 StoryTwo:Barmaids,Politicians,andNeighborhoodDramas 269 StoryThree:ShopFaçadesandGoddesses 275 AProcessionofCybele 277 VenusPompeiana 281 StoryFour:AConcatenationofCloth 283 Verecundus,ClothforSale,andDuelingGoddesses 284 StoryFive:DomesticExclusionandPersonalClaimsattheCasadi PaquiusProculus 288 ExteriorAspectandtheVisibilityofP.PaquiusProculus 289 LookingIn:DomesticDisplayandSocialExclusion 290 Modest?!I’llShowYouModest 293 Conclusion:TheViadell’AbbondanzainComparativePerspective 295 EPILOGUE 298 Bibliography 303 Index 323 Color plates are to be found between pp. xvi and 1 COLOR PLATES I PlanofPompeiiwithlocationsofstreetsidebenches II Frescoofforumscene,Pompeii III Frescoofcarpenters’procession,Pompeii IV ReconstructionoffrescoshowingprocessionofCybele,Pompeii V ReconstructionofFulleryofUlulitremulus,Pompeii VI ReconstructionofCasadiTrebiusValens,Pompeii VII ReconstructionofCasadiJuliusPolybiusandFulleryofUlulitremulus, Pompeii VIII Reconstructionofcompitalaltarandfrescoes,Pompeii IX ReconstructionoffrescoshowingVenusPompeiana,Pompeii viii
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