THE ROMAN DIACONIAE: A STUDY OF THE USE OF ANCIENT BUILDING BY THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH PRIOR TO 806 A. D. (2 VOLUMES)

519 Pages·018.808 MB·English

by  NIEDERER, FRANCES JOHANNA

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K -lljo o s
LD3907
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1951 Niederer, Frances Johanna, 191ij-
,N5 The F.onan Diaconiae; a study of
the use of ancient buildings by the
Christian Cnurch prior to 806 A.D.
2v.(.!;71p.) plates.
Thesis (Ph.D.) - N.Y.rJ., Graduate
School. 1951.
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THE ROMAN DIACONIAE
A Study of the Use of Ancient Buildings
by the Christian Church prior to 806 A. D.
Frances 3V Niederer
A dissertation in the Department of Fine Arts submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy at New York University, Daaanheyj- &)$&
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Frances J. Hiederer
Hollins College, Virginia
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Frances J. Niederer
Hollins College, Virginia
OPT LINE OF THESIS
The Roman Diaconiae: A Study of the Use of Ancient
Building by the Christian Church prior to 806 A. D.
I. Introduction
A. Definition of problem
B. Aim of thesis
C. Sources and their reliability
1. Monumental sources
a. Extant buildings or parts of buildings
b. Excavation reports (XVI - XX c.)
2. Graphic sources
a. Early drawings (Heemskjrck, Sangal^o, Ligorio, etc.)
b. Early maps (Bufalini, Cartaro, Duperac, etc.)
3. Literary sources
a. Papal documents (Liber Pontificalia, Regesta
Pont if i cum Romanorum, Or do Romanus Primus, Liber
Diurnus, church catalogues)
b. Syllogae (Corpus Insrriptionum Latlnarum, Ein-
siedlensis)
c. Topographical documents (Notitia and Curiosum
Urbis Romae, Itineraria Salisburgense and Ein-
siedlense, Ordo Romanus of Benedictus Canoninus,
Mirabilia Urbis Romae)
D. Previous treatment of the problem of the diaconiae
(Duchesne. Biasiotti, Lestocquoy, Marrou, Vielliard,
Sjrfquist)
E. The diaconiae as they existed in 806 A. D.
1. Number and names of churches in the group
2. Their general location
3. Their general function
II. Catalogue of monuments (alphabetically arranged)
A. Reconstruction of the first known church on the site
B. Appearance of pagan building at time of conversion
C. Christian changes or additions
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OUTLINE — 2
III. Discussion and Conclusions
A. Establishment of the diaconiae according to the sources
1. Dates of establishment of the diaconiae in Rome
2. Sequence in which they were established
3. Reasons for their establishment
4. Eastern origin of the institution of the diaconiae
a. Egypt (Alexandria)
b. Palestine and Transjordan (Gerasa)
5. Eastern features of the Roman diaconiae
6. Parallels to the Roman diaconiae found elsewhere in
Italy (Naples, Ravenna, Pesaro)
B. Topographical distribution of the diaconiae
1. Groups within the city
a. Borgo S. Pietro
b. Campus Martius
c. Fora and Palatine
d. Outlying areas
2. Reasons for the formation of these groups
3. Chronological sequence of their establishment
C. Function of the diaconiae
1. Their purpose as defined in the ssurces
2. Their personnel
a. Monasteria and diaconitae
b. Pater and dispensator
3. Activities of their personnel
a. Religious
b. Charitable
D. Physical organization of the diaconiae
1. Organization of the complex as suggested by sources
2. Confirmation of organization by excavations
3. Types of structures included in the complex
4. Sizes of structures
5. Rebuildings and enlargements of the VIII century
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OUTLINE — 3
Ancient buildings utilized as diaconiae
1. Civic buildings
a. Administrative (Statio Annonae, Curia, etc.)
b. Utilitarian (horrea, porticoes, markets, etc.)
2. Doubtful or unknown cases (churches in Borgo, etc.)
3. Significant differences between types utilized for
diaconiae and those used for other churches
Functional relations between ancient buildings utilized
and the diaconiae
1. Relation to ancient organizations providing food
a. Administrative centers (Statio Annonae)
b. Storage centers (Horrea publics, horrea eccleslqe)
c. Distribution centers (porticoes, horrea, markets)
2. Connections with annona, frumentum publicum, panis
gradilis, congiarium
3. Possible relations to civic administration
a. With places where Senate convened (Curia,
Porticue Octaviae, Tempium Concordiae)
b. With places where civic records were kept
c. With barracks of Yiglles
A. Possible relations with medical practice
5. Possible relations with military administration
Architectural changes
1. The earliest diaconiae
a. Christian modifications and additions
b. Conclusions as to the group (plans, elevations,
orientations)
2. Rebuildings of the eighth century and later
a. Dates of rebuildings
b. Character 6f the rebuildlngs
Conclusions as to the Christian use of pagan buildings
1. Policy of the Roman State
2. Policy of the Catholic churoh
3. Features of the Christian use of pagan buildings in
Rome which find parallels elsewhere___________________
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OUTLINE — 4
4. Unique features of the Roman situation
5* Contribution of the data on the diaconiae to the
general problem of relations between Christianity
and paganism
IT. Summary
T. Footnotes
VI. Appendix (churches arranged alphabetically)
A. Chronology established by documents
B. Important descriptions, drawings, maps, XT c. on
Til. Bi bli ography
A. Bibliogrs> hies for individual churches
B. Supplementary bibliography
fill. Illustrations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . 1
I. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 4
II. CATALOGUE...........................................15
III. DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 1. Establishment of the Diaconiae according to
the Sources . . . . . . 138
2. Topographical Distribution of the Diaconiae 153
3. Function of the Diaconiae . . . . 165
4. Physical Organization of the Diaconiae . 179
5. Ancient Buildings Utilized as Diaconiae . 201
6. Functional Relations between Ancient Build­
ings Utilized and the Diaconiae . .213
7. Architectural Changes . . . . 233
8. Conclusions as to the Christian Use of An­
cient Buildings . . . . . . 241
IV. SUMMARY..............................................248
V. FOOTNOTES......................................... 252
VI. APPENDIX.........................................289
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY-......................................... 389
VIII. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...............................466
IX. ILLUSTRATIONS....................................472
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CHURCHES INCLUDED IN CATALOGUE AND APPENDIX
Catalogue Appendix
Page Page
1. Diaconia S. Adriani . . . . . . • 15 289
2. S. Agathae . . . . . . . 30 297
3. S. Archangel! . . . . . . 31 299
4. S. Bonifacii . . . . . . 36 305
5. SS Cosmae et Damiani . 40 310
6. s.Eustachii . . . . . • 55 322
7. s. Georgii . . . . . . . 61 328
8. s. Luciae auae appellatur Orphea . 68 333
9. s. Luciae in VII Vias - 73 338
10. s. Mariae quae ponitur in Adriano . 77 341
11. s. Mariae quae appellatur Antique . 80 346
12. s. Mariae in Ciro (in Aquiro) . 89 348
13. s.Mariae in Cosmedin . 95 352
14. s. Mariae quae appellatur Dominica 101 357
15. s.Mariae foris porta b. Petri apostoli 106 364
16. 3.Mariae quae ponitur in Via Lata 108 366
17. S. Martini iuxta b. Petrum apostolum 113 369
18. SS Nerei et Achillei 115 370
19. SS Sergii et Bacchi 116 371
20. SS Sergii et Bacchi apud S. Petrum . 12$ 378
21. SS Silvestri et Martini 127 379
22. s. Silvestri quae ponitur iuxta b. Petrum 128 380
23. s. Theodori . . . . . 129 381
24. s. Viti in Macello . . . . 134 384
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