The role of water pricing and water allocation in agriculture in delivering sustainable water use in

292 Pages·2012·5.84 MB·English

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The role of water pricing and water allocation in agriculture in delivering
sustainable water use in Europe – FINAL REPORT - ANNEXES
European Commission
Project number 11589 | February 2012
Client European Commission
DG ENV – D1 Protection of Water
DG ENV.SRD.2 (BU-5 00/122)
B-1049 Brussels
[phone]

The role of water pricing and water allocation in agriculture in
delivering sustainable water use in Europe

Client ARCADIS Belgium nv/sa
Main Office
Koningsstraat 80
B-1000 Brussels

Contact Sarah Bogaert
Telephone [phone]
Telefax [phone]
E-mail [email protected]
Website www.arcadisbelgium.be
Revision
Version Date Remarks
1 20 December 2011 Final report
2 February 2012 Final report adapted for comments
Drawn up by
Department Name
Arcadis Belgium NV Sarah Bogaert
Arcadis Belgium NV Dieter Vandenbroucke
Fresh Thoughts Consulting Thomas Dworak
Fresh Thoughts Consulting Maria Berglund
InterSus Eduard Interwies
InterSus Stefan Görlitz
TYPSA Guido Schmidt
TYPSA Manuel Herrero Alvaro
With contributions from
Ecologic Manuel Lago
Ecologic Jennifer Moeller-Gulland
Verification
Department Function Name
ARCADIS Belgium Project leader Sarah Bogaert

ANNEXES
Annex 1: (Non-exhaustive) overview of Water Allocation Policies in the EU ........................................... 1
Annex 2 : (Non-exhaustive) overview of Water Pricing Policies in the EU ............................................. 15
Annex 3 : Fact sheets of long-list of potential case studies ................................................................... 23
Annex 4 : Detailed analysis of case studies ............................................................................................ 55
1 AUSTRALIA: Murray-Darling river basin ........................................................................ 55
2 CYPRUS ....................................................................................................................... 87
3 FRANCE - Adour-Garonne .......................................................................................... 111
4 MEXICO - Lerma Chapala ........................................................................................... 153
5 THE NETHERLANDS: Scheldt river basin ................................................................... 177
6 ROMANIA - Buzau Ialomita ......................................................................................... 205
7 SPAIN – Guadalquivir .................................................................................................. 227
Annex 5 : Conference on Water pricing in agriculture: on track for a fair and efficient policy in
Europe? ................................................................................................................................................... 275

Page 1 of 292
Annex 1: (Non-exhaustive) overview of Water Allocation Policies in the EU
P P P P
Member State Source of water Are water use Information or details on the Additional information Water use right: duration, Ranking / priority of e e e e Additional information
r r r r
m m m m
rights (in allocation process (rationale and (definition of water rights, (max) quantity, definition of water rights and/or its its its its regarding the
agriculture) implementation: considering e.g. threshold values for licenses, hands-off flows, … motivation for ranking is is is is competent public
s s s s
u u u u
defined through environmental impacts of water …) (in case of water e e e e authority
d d d d
a a a a
a public abstractions, economic efficiency, shortages, …) t L t R t R t N
O E B A
asyllostceamtio n of v alue of water, …) CAL le GIONA DISTR TIONA
licenses, permits vel L le ICT L le
or ve le ve
l v l
authorisations? e
l
Austria Surface water Yes X
Groundwater Yes Water rights usually X
exclusively with landholders
Belgium - Surface water Navigable Navigable rivers: for Navigable rivers: yearly X Navigable rivers:
Flanders rivers: Yes abstracted volumes > renewal of notifications Licenses issued
500m³, else notification. (licenses are annually by the specific
Un-
renewed by payment of river or water
navigable Un-navigable: (equal)
surface water abstraction tax) authority.
rivers: use right for riparian
usually not owners, non-riparian Water use rights of riparian Un-navigable
owners sometimes need owners are not allowed to rivers: Court
permit, restrict or damage water use decisions
of downstream riparian (“Vrederechter”)
owners. can limit water
use rights of
riparian owners in
case of water
shortages
Groundwater Yes Environment Agency is consulted licenses for abstracted X X province and local
on the permit request. volumes > 500m³, else councils
notification.
Belgium – Surface water No
Walloon region
Groundwater Yes Additional environmental x Walloon Ministry of
permit is needed for Environment
abstracted volumes >
3000m³,
Page 2 of 292
P P P P
Member State Source of water Are water use Information or details on the Additional information Water use right: duration, Ranking / priority of e e e e Additional information
r r r r
m m m m
rights (in allocation process (rationale and (definition of water rights, (max) quantity, definition of water rights and/or its its its its regarding the
agriculture) implementation: considering e.g. threshold values for licenses, hands-off flows, … motivation for ranking is is is is competent public
s s s s
u u u u
defined through environmental impacts of water …) (in case of water e e e e authority
d d d d
a a a a
a public abstractions, economic efficiency, shortages, …) t L t R t R t N
O E B A
asyllostceamtio n of v alue of water, …) CAL le GIONA DISTR TIONA
licenses, permits vel L le ICT L le
or ve le ve
l v l
authorisations? e
l
Belgium – Surface water No
Brussels region
Groundwater Yes licenses for abstracted x Brussels Ministry of
volumes ≤ 96 m³/day, else Environment
notification

Bulgaria Surface water Yes Upon the issuance of a permit, Water use permit required in Permit issued for maximum X X Basin Directorate
authorities take into consideration: all cases except for water period of 35 years (irrigation). Director, and in some
abstraction below 10m³ per Other uses have shorter cases Ministry of
the available water resources;
day. license periods (10 to 25 Environment
the needs of the applicant for
years).
water use permit or water body
Water abstraction rights may
use permit, as the case may be;
be restricted (~ scarcity,
the status of the water body;
status of the water body)
the acquired rights.
Upon authorisation of water use,
applications shall be granted in the
following order of precedence:
1. domestic water use;
2. therapy and preventive care -
applicable solely to mineral
waters;
3. agricultural water use;
4. other uses, including industrial
water use, recreation activities,
and hydraulic power
engineering.
Groundwater Yes See surface water Water use permit required in Permit issued for maximum Water abstraction
all cases except for water period of 35 years (irrigation). rights may be restricted
Page 3 of 292
P P P P
Member State Source of water Are water use Information or details on the Additional information Water use right: duration, Ranking / priority of e e e e Additional information
r r r r
m m m m
rights (in allocation process (rationale and (definition of water rights, (max) quantity, definition of water rights and/or its its its its regarding the
agriculture) implementation: considering e.g. threshold values for licenses, hands-off flows, … motivation for ranking is is is is competent public
s s s s
u u u u
defined through environmental impacts of water …) (in case of water e e e e authority
d d d d
a a a a
a public abstractions, economic efficiency, shortages, …) t L t R t R t N
O E B A
asyllostceamtio n of v alue of water, …) CAL le GIONA DISTR TIONA
licenses, permits vel L le ICT L le
or ve le ve
l v l
authorisations? e
l
abstraction below 10m³ per Other uses have shorter (~ scarcity, status of
day and pump capacity below license periods (10 to 25 the water body)
0.2 l/s. years).
Cyprus Surface water Yes Government Water Works or Annual quota in GWP under Preference to domestic X National: Water
Projects (GWP): annual water the rationing procedure. supply (including Development
demand and allocation scenario Supply can be disconnected livestock). Department
prepared by Water Development in case of overconsumption.
Department. The rationing scenario Some irrigation divisions
is prepared with participation of have systems based on
different stakeholders. With the
irrigation times.
approval and put into force of the
water allocation scenario, each
farmer is issued a license/permit for
the quantities of water from the
GWP he/she is allowed to use,
specified for each field under a
certain crop in the coming irrigation
period.

Non-government schemes (Water
users Associations / WUA): Formal
water use rights on own sources of
water. These encompass licenses
to operate wells, or abstraction
permits for surface waters (mostly
streams, negligible due to declining
rainfall / run-off and downstream
impacts of large GWP).
User based / traditional or
customary (re-)allocation: small
Page 4 of 292
P P P P
Member State Source of water Are water use Information or details on the Additional information Water use right: duration, Ranking / priority of e e e e Additional information
r r r r
m m m m
rights (in allocation process (rationale and (definition of water rights, (max) quantity, definition of water rights and/or its its its its regarding the
agriculture) implementation: considering e.g. threshold values for licenses, hands-off flows, … motivation for ranking is is is is competent public
s s s s
u u u u
defined through environmental impacts of water …) (in case of water e e e e authority
d d d d
a a a a
a public abstractions, economic efficiency, shortages, …) t L t R t R t N
O E B A
asyllostceamtio n of v alue of water, …) CAL le GIONA DISTR TIONA
licenses, permits vel L le ICT L le
or ve le ve
l v l
authorisations? e
l
irrigation schemes (WUA),
managed by committees chaired by
the District Officer based on water
availability.
Groundwater Yes Drilling and abstraction licenses; X National: Water
process under review at the Development
moment. New wells (limited to Department
existing permanent plantations if the
aquifer is at risk or over-pumped –
“poor status”) and reviews of
applications for a change to an
existing abstraction license
Czech Republic Surface water Yes Surface and groundwater X X Regional and local
rights are owned by the State government
Groundwater Yes Surface and groundwater X X Regional and local
rights are owned by the State government
Denmark Surface water Yes The administration of water X Municipalities.
abstraction permits is regulated by
Water Resource Plan drawn up by
regional state environmental
centers.
Groundwater Yes The administration of water Abstraction of groundwater Groundwater permit needs to X Municipalities
abstraction permits is regulated by needs a permit, to be be renewed at specific times.
Water Resource Plan drawn up by renewed at specific times. Irrigation permits are for a
regional state environmental Irrigation permits are only for period of 15 years
centers. up to 15 years.
Estonia Surface water Yes Abstractions > 30 m3 per day.
Groundwater Yes Abstractions > 5 m³ per day.