The Role of Religion in Modern Societies

283 Pages·2012·4.393 MB·English

by  Olson, Daniel V. A.;Pollack, Detlef

The Role of Religion
in Modern Societies
Pollack_RT97049_C000.indd i 8/2/2007 8:56:48AM
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The Role of Religion
in Modern Societies
Edited by
Detlef Pollack and
Daniel V. A. Olson
New York London
Pollack_RT97049_C000.indd v 8/2/2007 8:57:23AM
Routledge Routledge
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The role of religion in modern societies I edited by Detlef Pollack and Daniel Olson.
p. em. -- (Routledge advances in sociology; 31)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-415-39704-9 (hardback: alk. paper)
1. Religion and sociology. I. Pollack, Detlef, 1955-II. Olson, Daniel V. A., 1953-
BL60.R66 2007
306.6--dc22 2007002567
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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ISBN13: 978-0-415-39704-9 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-51253-4 (pbk)
Contents
Tables ix
Figures xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction: Religious Change in Modern Societies—
Perspectives Offered by the Sociology of Religion 1
DETLEF POLLACK
SECTION 1
Secularization Theory: Classical Assumptions and
Ramifi cations 23
2 The Continuing Secular Transition 25
DAVID VOAS
3 God, Gaelic, and Needlepoint: Religion as a Social
Accomplishment 49
STEVE BRUCE
4 Religion in Central and Eastern Europe: Was There a
Re-Awakening after the Breakdown of Communism? 63
OLAF MÜLLER
SECTION 2
The Market Model: Classical Assumptions and Ramifi cations 93
5 Quantitative Evidence Favoring and Opposing the Religious
Economies Model 95
DANIEL V.A. OLSON
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viii Contents
6 Secularization and the State: The Role Government Policy Plays
in Determining Social Religiosity 115
ANTHONY GILL
7 Unsecular Europe: The Persistence of Religion 141
ANDREW GREELEY
SECTION 3
The Individualization Thesis: Classical Assumptions and
Ramifi cations 163
8 From Believing without Belonging to Vicarious Religion:
Understanding the Patterns of Religion in Modern Europe 165
GRACE DAVIE
9 The Cultural Paradigm: Declines in Belonging and Then
Believing 177
ROBIN GILL
10 Religious Individualization or Secularization: An Attempt to
Evaluate the Thesis of Religious Individualization in Eastern
and Western Germany 191
DETLEF POLLACK AND GERT PICKEL
SECTION 4
New Theories on Religion and Modernity Exemplifi ed at the
European Case 221
11 Religion and Science or Religion versus Science?: About the
Social Construction of the Science–Religion–Antagonism in the
German Democratic Republic and Its Lasting Consequences 223
MONIKA WOHLRAB-SAHR
12 Secularization Theory and Rational Choice: An Integration
of Macro- and Micro-Theories of Secularization Using the
Example of Switzerland 249
JÖRG STOLZ
Contributors 271
Index 273
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Tables
2.1 Competing theories: Key contrasts 26
4.1 Church adherence in Central and Eastern Europe
during the 1990s 67
4.2 Traditional religiousness, 1990–1999 69
4.3 Alternative religiousness in post-communist Europe 71
4.4 Age and church adherence/traditional religiousness 74
4.5 Age and alternative religiousness, old and new 76
4.6 Interactions between age, religious socialization and
religiousness 78
6.1 Religious belief, importance and attendance in Europe 123
6.2 OLS regression models 129
6.3 OLS regression models 130
7.1 Netherlands and Switzerland 144
7.2 France and Italy 147
7.3 France and Spain 150
7.4 Catholic and not Catholic in Britain 155
9.1 Belief and belonging compared 183
9.2 Faith in two groups of non-churchgoers BSA 1991 186
10.1 Regular church attendance among Catholics and
Protestants in Western Germany, 1952– 1999 202
10.2 Increase and decrease of belief in God, Western and
Eastern Germany, 1991 and 1998 203
10.3 Traditional church affi liation, individual christian
religiosity and non-church religiosity in Western and
Eastern Germany in comparison, 1999/2000 (West / East) 205
10.4 Correlations between traditional church affi liation, individual
Christian religiosity and old and new non-church religiosity
in Western and Eastern Germany, 1999/2000 (West / East) 207
10.5 Correlation between the various forms of religiosity and
socio-structural characteristics and individualization items
in Western and Eastern Germany, 1999/2000 208
10.6 Religious orientations in Western and Eastern Germany:
results of a cluster analysis 211
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x Tables
10.7 Styles of religiosity and socio-structural characteristics
in Western and Eastern Germany 213
11.1 One should rely upon rational explanations only and not
care about anything else 230
11.2 Modes of relationship between science and religion 232
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