The Role of International Organizations in Social Policy: Ideas, Actors and Impact

268 Pages·2009·1.95 MB·English

by  Rune Ervik

The Role of International Organizations in
Social Policy

The Role of
International
Organizations in
Social Policy
Ideas, Actors and Impact
Edited by
Rune Ervik
Nanna Kildal
Even Nilssen
Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, University of Bergen,
Norway
Edward Elgar
Cheltenham, UK (cid:129) Northampton, MA, USA
© Rune Ervik, Nanna Kildal, Even Nilssen 2009
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior
permission of the publisher.
Published by
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
The Lypiatts
15 Lansdown Road
Cheltenham
Glos GL50 2JA
UK
Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
William Pratt House
9 Dewey Court
Northampton
Massachusetts 01060
USA
A catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009928602
ISBN 978 1 84720 976 4
Printed and bound by MPG Books Group, UK
Contents
List of fi gures vi
List of tables vii
List of contributors viii
Preface ix
1. Introduction 1
Rune Ervik, Nanna Kildal and Even Nilssen
2. Comparing social policy ideas within the EU and the OECD 20
Nanna Kildal
3. Directly-deliberative polyarchy: a suitable democracy model
for European social policy? 49
Milena Büchs
4. Combating social exclusion in the European Union 72
Even Nilssen
5. Policy making and application of law: free movement of
persons and the European Court of Justice 94
Aksel Hatland and Even Nilssen
6. EU and OECD advice and changes in German family policy:
can reforms be attributed to participation in learning processes? 111
Tord Skogedal Lindén
7. Policy actors, ideas and power: EU and OECD pension policy
recommendations and national policies in Norway and the UK 138
Rune Ervik
8. In search of a new approach to pension policy: the
International Labour Offi ce between internal tension and
external pressure 165
Remi Maier-Rigaud
9. Towards a European convergence in pension policy
outputs? Evidence from the OMC on pensions 190
Axel West Pedersen and Henning Finseraas
10. Global health policy: what role for international
governmental organizations? 212
Christof Schiller, Henni Hensen and Stein Kuhnle
Index 247
v
Figures
7.1. Reference to country/international organizations in the
Norwegian Pension Commission report 151
7.2. Reference to keywords in the 2004 UK Pension
Commission report 158
8.1. International Labour Organization and Offi ce 168
8.2. The new Social Security Department and competing ideas 171
9.1. Gross replacement rates fi rst pillar (2004) versus change in
gross replacement rates fi rst pillar (2004–2050),
representative worker 199
9.2. Gross replacement rates fi rst pillar (2004) versus change in
gross replacement rates fi rst pillar (2004–2050), low-wage
worker 200
9.3. Gross replacement rates fi rst pillar (2004) versus change in
gross replacement rates fi rst pillar (2004–2050), broken
career 201
9.4. Total net replacement rates (2004) versus change in total
net replacement rates (2004–2050), representative worker 202
9.5. Total net replacement rates (2004) versus change in total
net replacement rates (2004–2050), low-wage worker 203
9.6. Total net replacement rates (2004) versus change in total
net replacement rates (2004–2050), broken career 203
9.7. Gross replacement rates second pillar (2004) versus change
in gross replacement rates second pillar (2004–2050),
representative worker 205
9.8. Gross replacement rate, low-wage/gross replacement rate,
representative worker (2004 versus 2050) 206
9.9. Net replacement rate, low-wage/net replacement rate,
representative worker (2004 versus 2050) 207
9A.1. Projected growth in old-age and early pension
expenditure 2005–2050 versus change in gross replacement
rate fi rst pillar (2004–2050) 211
vi
Tables
2.1. Denmark: social policy recommendations 28
2.2. Germany: social policy recommendations 29
4.1. The ideational foundation of the EU Social Inclusion
Strategy 89
6.1. Main characteristics of old and new parental leave schemes 116
7.1. OECD recommendations for the Norwegian pension
system: OECD Economic Surveys 2005 and 2007 148
7.2. OECD recommendations for the UK pension system:
OECD Economic Survey 2005 154
9.1. Gross replacement rates, fi rst pillar 202
9.2. Net replacement rates, fi rst pillar 204
9.3. Growth in second pillar (representative worker) 205
9.4. Replacement rates, low-wage/replacement rates,
representative worker (2004 versus 2050) 208
10.1. Organizational capacity of the WHO 222
10.2. Organizational capacity of UNICEF 224
10.3. Organizational capacity of the World Bank 230
10.4. Organizational capacity of the WTO 236
10.5. Comparison of organizational capacities 239
10.6. Comparison of health policy ideas and health care approach 240
vii
Contributors
Milena Büchs, University of Southampton, UK
Rune Ervik, Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, University of Bergen,
Norway.
Henning Finseraas, NOVA, Norwegian Social Research, Oslo, Norway.
Aksel Hatland, NOVA, Norwegian Social Research, Oslo, Norway.
Henni Hensen, Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany.
Nanna Kildal, Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, University of
Bergen, Norway.
Stein Kuhnle, Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany.
Remi Maier-Rigaud, Social Policy Department, University of Cologne,
Germany.
Even Nilssen, Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, University of
Bergen, Norway.
Christof Schiller, Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany.
Tord Skogedal Lindén, Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, University
of Bergen, Norway.
Axel West Pedersen, NOVA, Norwegian Social Research, Oslo, Norway.
viii
Preface
The background of this book is a workshop, International Actors and
National Welfare Policy, held in Bergen at the Stein Rokkan Centre for
Social Studies in June 2007. The workshop was part of an ongoing research
project fi nanced by the Norwegian Research Council, Policy Discourses,
International Actors and National Welfare Policy: Norway in Comparative
Perspective, directed by senior researcher Nanna Kildal. The editors and
three other authors are involved in this project. The aim of the project and
the workshop is to gain insight into how welfare policy is shaped by the
interplay of the national and the international levels, emphasizing the role
of ideas, and the actors carrying these ideas.
We would like to take the opportunity to thank all the participants in
the workshop for their active and inspiring involvement in the discus-
sions on the submitted papers, and for their original contributions to this
volume. We would also like to thank the Stein Rokkan Centre for Social
Studies at the University of Bergen, which has hosted our project.
Rune Ervik, Nanna Kildal and Even Nilssen
Bergen
ix