The Role of Government in the Industrialization of Iraq 1950-1965

157 Pages·2014·8.328 MB·English

by  Ferhang Jalal

ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
THE ECONOMY OF THE MIDDLE EAST
Volume 27
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE
INDUSTRIALIZATION OF
–
IRAQ 1950 1965
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE
INDUSTRIALIZATION OF
IRAQ 1950–1965
FERHANG JALAL
Firstpublishedin1972
Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2014
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©1972F.Jalal
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TRE ROLE OF
GOVERNMENT IN THE
INDUSTRIALIZATION
OF IRAQ 1950-1965
Dr. Ferhang Jalal
FRANK CASS : LONDON
First Published in 1972 by
FRANK CASS AND COMPANY LIMITED
67 Great Russell Street, London, WCIB 3BT
Distributed in the United States by
International Scholady Book Services, Inc.
Beaverton, Oregon 97005
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 77-171260
ISBN 0 7146 2586 8
Copyright © 1972 F. JALAL
All Rights Reserved. No part ollhis publication may be repro
duced in any lorm or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permis
sion 01 Frank Cass and Company Limited in writing.
Printed in Great Britain by
The Whitefriars Press, London and Tonbridge
Contents
Page
List 0/ Tables Vll
Pre/ace xi
I Government and Economic Development: 1920-50
1 Conditions in 1920 1
2 Government Development Effort 1921-50 3
3 Conditions in 1950 7
4 Main Problems of Development 10
II The Organization and Administration 0/ Government
Tnvestment Programmes.' 1950-65
1 The Development Board 1950-58 14
2 The Planning Board 1959-65 19
3 The Ministry of Industry 21
4 Administrative Defects 27
III Formulation 0/ Government Investment Programmes.'
1951-65
1 Plans of the Development Board 32
2 Plans of the Planning Board 38
3 Size of Plans 42
4 The Sectoral Allocation 44
5 The Choice of Projects 53
IV Implementation 0/ Government Investment Programmes.'
1951-65
1 The Experience of Implementation 62
2 The Main Causes of Failure 69
V Financial Institutions and Industrialization
1 Commercial Banks and the Finance of Industry 80
2 The Industrial Bank 88
vi CONTENTS
VI Other Po/icies to Promote Industrialization
1 Protection 102
2 Tax Exemption 119
3 The Licensing of Industrial Enterprises 122
VII Summary and Conclusions 127
Bibliography 135
Index 141
List of Tables
Table No. Page
1.1 Authorized Expenditure under Capital Budgets 1931-42 4
1.2 Average Government Capital Expenditure and Current
Expenditure Compared with Average Gross Capital
Formation, Oil Royalties, Government Revenues and
Value of Exports 1921-50 5
1.3 Allocation of Funds between Major Sectors in the
1934-38 and 1949-53 Government Capital Budgets 6
1.4 Average Gross Investment by Major Sectors 1933-50 6
1.5 A Comparison between Some Aspects of Iraq's
Conditions in 1920 and 1950 9
1.6 Oil Revenue compared to Total Government Revenues,
Government Capital Expenditure and Value of other
Exports 1951-65 11
III.l Plans of the Development Board 1951-60 33
III.2 The Industrial Sector of the Second Plan 1955-59 35
III.3 The Industrial Sector of the Third Plan 1955-60 37
lIlA Projects Suggested by the Little Report and included
in the Third Plan 38
III . 5 Investment Programmes ofthe Planning Board 1959-65 38
III.6 The Industrial Sector of the Fourth Plan 1959-62 40
III.7 The Industrial Sector of the Fifth Plan 1961-65 40
III.8 The Industrial Sector of the Sixth Plan 1965-69 41
III.9 Investment Requirements ofthe Five-Year Plan 1965-69 45
III.10 Planned Distribution of Funds among Different
Sectors 1951-65 47
111.11 Growth of Industrial Branches Derived from the V.N.
Pattern of Industrial Growth Technique 55
111.12 Priority Ratios in the Sixth Plan 1965-69: The
Industrial Sector-Selected Projects 58
IV.l Planned Investment, Actual Capital Expenditure, and
Total Revenues of the Development Programmes
1951-65 63
IV.2 Actual Expenditure by Sectors as % of Annual
Sectoral Allocation 1951-65 65
IV.3 Sectoral Distribution of Planned Investment 1951-65 66