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The Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces PDF

255 Pages·2004·1.36 MB·English
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The Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces Committee for the Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces Naval Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. N00014-00-G-0230, DO #12, between the National Acad- emy of Sciences and the Department of the Navy. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommen- dations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number 0-309-08873-9 (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309-50851-7 (PDF) Copies available from: Naval Studies Board The Keck Center of the National Academies 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Room WS904 Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metro- politan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2004 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve- ments of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the respon- sibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org COMMITTEE FOR THE ROLE OF EXPERIMENTATION IN BUILDING FUTURE NAVAL FORCES ANNETTE J. KRYGIEL, Great Falls, Virginia, Chair RUZENA K. BAJCSY, Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society, University of California, Berkeley ALAN BERMAN, Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University DUNCAN A. BROWN, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University MARION R. BRYSON, North Tree Management JOHN D. CHRISTIE, Logistics Management Institute JOHN A. CORDER, Colleyville, Texas PAUL K. DAVIS, RAND and RAND Graduate School of Policy Studies BRIG “CHIP” ELLIOTT, BBN Technologies J. DEXTER FLETCHER, Institute for Defense Analyses RICHARD J. IVANETICH, Institute for Defense Analyses L. DAVID MONTAGUE, Menlo Park, California WILLIAM B. MORGAN, Rockville, Maryland JASON PROVIDAKES, MITRE Corporation JOHN E. RHODES, Balboa, California WILLIAM D. SMITH, Fayetteville, Pennsylvania MICHAEL G. SOVEREIGN, Monterey, California MITZI M. WERTHEIM, Center for Naval Analyses CINDY WILLIAMS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology JOSEPH ZEIDNER, Bethesda, Maryland Staff RONALD D. TAYLOR, Director (on leave as of July 12, 2003) CHARLES F. DRAPER, Acting Director (as of July 12, 2003) MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Assistant IAN M. CAMERON, Project Assistant SEYMOUR J. DEITCHMAN, Consultant SIDNEY G. REED, JR., Consultant JAMES G. WILSON, Consultant v NAVAL STUDIES BOARD VINCENT VITTO, Charles S. Draper Laboratory, Inc., Chair JOSEPH B. REAGAN, Saratoga, California, Vice Chair ARTHUR B. BAGGEROER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ALAN BERMAN, Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, Special Advisor JAMES P. BROOKS, Litton/Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. JOHN D. CHRISTIE, Logistics Management Institute RUTH A. DAVID, Analytic Services, Inc. ANTONIO L. ELIAS, Orbital Sciences Corporation BRIG “CHIP” ELLIOTT, BBN Technologies FRANK A. HORRIGAN, Bedford, Massachusetts JOHN W. HUTCHINSON, Harvard University RICHARD J. IVANETICH, Institute for Defense Analyses HARRY W. JENKINS, ITT Industries MIRIAM E. JOHN, Sandia National Laboratories DAVID V. KALBAUGH, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University ANNETTE J. KRYGIEL, Great Falls, Virginia L. DAVID MONTAGUE, Menlo Park, California WILLIAM B. MORGAN, Rockville, Maryland JOHN H. MOXLEY III, Korn/Ferry International ROBERT B. OAKLEY, National Defense University NILS R. SANDELL, JR., ALPHATECH, Inc. JAMES M. SINNETT, Ballwin, Missouri WILLIAM D. SMITH, Fayetteville, Pennsylvania RICHARD L. WADE, Risk Management Sciences MITZI M. WERTHEIM, Center for Naval Analyses CINDY WILLIAMS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Navy Liaison Representatives RADM LEWIS W. CRENSHAW, USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81 (through June 6, 2003) RADM JOSEPH A. SESTAK, JR., USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81 (as of July 15, 2003) RADM JAY M. COHEN, USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N91 Marine Corps Liaison Representative LTGEN EDWARD HANLON, JR., USMC, Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command vi Staff RONALD D. TAYLOR, Director (on leave as of July 12, 2003) CHARLES F. DRAPER, Acting Director (as of July 12, 2003) MICHAEL L. WILSON, Program Officer MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Assistant IAN M. CAMERON, Project Assistant vii Preface As we enter the 21st century, the Department of Defense (DOD) seeks to transform the nation’s armed forces to meet the military challenges of the future. The absence of a threatening major power in today’s world offers the DOD a rare opportunity to experiment, change, innovate, and transform its forces to meet tomorrow’s needs while at the same time addressing today’s missions. Various reviews currently under way are seeking to establish strategic guidelines for building tomorrow’s joint military forces. In addition, activities such as the DOD’s fiscal year 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review help to ensure that Navy and Marine Corps programs, processes, and organizations, and the capabilities that they create, are integral to realizing the objectives of joint forces. In this context, the development of joint warfighting capabilities is among the most important of the future issues facing the Department of Defense (and the Depart- ment of the Navy), and the recent war with Iraq has accelerated recognition of future requirements and the development of concepts to address them.1 During the past decade, experimentation has taken on increased importance in building naval force capabilities. Through its fleet battle experiments, the Navy has attempted to explore and use emerging systems and technologies in order to develop new operational concepts. The Marine Corps Warfighting 1The present study concluded at the end of Operation Iraqi Freedom, just as assessments of lessons learned were being initiated. The U.S. Joint Forces Command, for instance, was assigned to meet with assessment teams from all of the Services to collect their respective observations on the war. See Malina Brown, 2003, “Thornberry Questions Services’ Objectivity: USJFCOM Team to Meet with Services on Lessons Learned from Iraq War,” Inside the Navy, Vol. 16, No. 18, May 5, p. 1. ix

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