The Role of Dust in Dense Regions of Interstellar Matter: Proceedings of the Jena Workshop, held in Georgenthal, G.D.R., March 10–14, 1986

264 Pages·1987·7.74 MB·English

by  Th. Henning, B. Stecklum (auth.), Thomas Henning, Bringfried Stecklum (eds.)

THE ROLE OF DUST IN DENSE REGIONS OF INTERSTELLAR MATTER
THE ROLE OF DUST IN
DENSE REGIONS OF
INTERSTELLAR MATTER
Proceedings of the Jena Workshop, held in Georgenthal, G.D.R., March 10-14,
1986
Edited by
THOMAS HENNING and BRINGFRIED STECKLUM
Universitats-Sternwarte Jena
Reprinted from Astrophysics and Space Science,
Vol. 128, No. 1
D. Reidel Publishing Company
A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster / Tokyo
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The role of dust in dense regions of interstellar matter.
This work is cataloged under LC No. 86-29845
CIP-data appear on separate card.
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8184-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-3785-7
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-3785-7
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© 1986 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. Dordrecht. Holland
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
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Die Astronomie ausserte er, ist mir deswegen so wert,
weil sie die einzige aller Wissenschaften ist, die auf
allgemein anerkannten, unbestreitbaren Basen ruht,
mithin mit voller Sicherheit immer weiter durch die
Unendlichkeit fortschreitet. Getrennt durch Lander
und Meere teilen die Astronomen, diese geselligsten
aller Einsiedler, sich ihre Elemente mit und konnen
darauf wie auf Felsen fortbauen.
Conversation between J. W. van
Goethe and chancellor F. van
Miiller, 16th December, 1812
Participants of the lena Workshop.
I. B. Stecklum 2. C. Friedemann 3. H.-E. Frohlich
4. L. K. Haikala 5. G. Riidiger 6. J. Dorschner
7. J. Gurtler 8. R. Schmidt 9. J. M. Greenberg
10. P. G. Mezger II. H. J. Habing 12. M. Wolf
13. M. Sole 14. R. Chini 15. J. Staude
16. W. Kratschmer 17. R. Tschaepe 18. S. Klose
19. H.-G. Reimann 20. W. Pfau 21. H. Zimmermann
22. Z. Pinter 23. J. Palous 24. R. Schielicke
25. Th. Henning 26. H. Meusinger
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
E. Chini, Max-Planck-Institute for Radioastronomy, Bonn.
l. Dorschner, University Observatory, lena.
C. Friedemann, University Observatory, Jena.
H.-E. Fr5hlich, Central Institute for Astrophysics, Academy of Sciences of the GOR,
Potsdam-Babelsberg.
l. M. Greenberg, University of Leiden, Leiden.
l. GUrtler, University Observatory, lena.
H. J. Habing, University of Leiden, Leiden.
L. K. Haikala, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
Th. Henning, University Observatory, Jena.
S. Klose, University Observatory, lena.
W. Kratschmer, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg.
E. KrUgel, Max-Planck-Institute for Radioastronomy, Bonn.
H. Meusinger, Karl Schwarz schild Observatory, Tautenburg.
P. G. Mezger, Max-Planck-Institute for Radioastronomy, Bonn.
J. Palous, Institute for Astronomy, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague.
W. Pfau, University Observatory, lena.
Z. Pinter, Lonind E5tv5s University, Budapest.
H.-G. Reimann, University Observatory, lena.
G. RUdiger, Central Institute for Astrophysics, Academy of Sciences of the GDR,
Potsdam-Babelsberg.
R. Schielicke, University Observatory, lena.
K.-H. Schmidt, Central Institute for Astrophysics, Academy of Sciences of the GDR,
Potsdam-Babelsberg.
R. Schmidt, Central Institute for Astrophysics, Academy of Sciences of the GDR,
Potsdam-Babelsberg.
M. Sole, Charles University, Prague.
J. Staude, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg.
B. Stecklum, University Observatory, lena.
R. Tschaepe, Central Institute for Astrophysics, Academy of Sciences of the GDR,
Potsdam-Babelsberg.
M. Wolf, Charles University, Prague.
H. Zimmermann, University Observatory, lena.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Participants VIII
THo HENNING and Bo STECKLUM / Preface I
J. M. GREENBERG / Introduction 3
PART I: BASIC OBSERVATIONAL AND LABORATORY DATA OF DUST
PROPERTIES
E. KRUGEL / Dust Models Confronted with Observations 5
J. M. GREENBERG / The Role of Grains in Molecular Chemical Evolution 17
H. ZIMMERMANN / Interstellar Gas Depletion and Dust Parameters 33
S. KLOSE / On the Geometrical Cross-Section of an N-Mer 43
J. DORSCHNER and THo HENNING / Experimental Investigations of
Astronomically Important Interstellar Silicates 47
C. FRIEDEMANN and J. GURTLER / Problems with the Interpretation of the
220 nm Interstellar Feature 71
H.-G. REIMANN / Observations of the Very Broad-Band Structure by
Combined uvby and UBV Photometry 83
W. KRATSCHMER / Carbon Molecules as Possible Carrier of the Diffuse
Interstellar Bands 93
W PFAU / Astrophysical Influences on the Diffuse Interstellar Lines 101
0
PART II: PROPERTIES OF DENSE CLOUDS AND CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST
SHELLS
P. G. MEZGER / Submm/Farinfrared Observations of Cold and Warm Dust
Clouds III
L. HAl KALA / On the Dust and Gas Associated with Sharpless 252 125
S. KLOSE / The RHO Ophiuchi Cloud - An Overview 135
J. PALOU5 / The Relation Between Molecular Clouds and Stellar Kinematics 151
H. J. HABING / The IRAS Satellite - Some Remarks on the Data, their
Availability and their Usage in Leiden 157
J. GURTLER and THo HENNING / Circumstellar Dust Shells Around Very
Young and Massive Stars 163
PART III: VERY YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS AND STAR FORMATION IN
MOLECULAR CLOUDS
H. J. STAUDE / Bipolar Nebulae and Jets from Young Stars: Contributions
from Calar Alto 179
THo HENNING and J. GURTLER/ BN Objects - A Class of Very Young and
Massive Stars 199
ix
x TABLE OF CONTENTS
R. CHINI / Centers of Activity in Dust Clouds 217
M. WOLF and V. VA NYSEK / The Simulation of the Initial Mass Function and
Star Formation Efficiency 229
TH. HENNING and B. STECKLUM / Self-Regulated Star Formation and
Evolution of Stellar Systems 237
H. MEUSINGER / The Past Star Formation Rate and the Initial Mass-Function
in the Solar Neighbourhood 253
H. J. STAUDE / Concluding Remarks 265
PREFACE
TH. HENNING and B. STECKLUM
University Observatory. Jena
This workshop was organized by the University Observatory Jena and devoted to the
physics and chemistry of dense regions of interstellar matter. It was especially dealing
with the properties of interstellar dust grains and star formation in those regions. This
field of research was opened in Jena already in the 1950s and an early fA U Colloquium
on the topic of interstellar matter was held here in 1969.
Since that time, the subject of interstellar matter has grown into a much more
important part of astrophysics than it was in 1969. Now we are beginning to understand
the process of star formation in a greater detail. The discovery of many interstellar
molecules by radioastronomers opened the new field of interstellar chemistry. In
addition, the application of the new techniques of infrared astronomy led to the
discovery of several absorption bands, e.g., the 3.1 11m ice band, which pointed to the
existence of grain mantles. More recently, the detection of infrared emission lines was
the first hint to the existence of a new component of interstellar matter. All these things
were discussed extensively during the workshop. The very successful IRAS mission,
which was also a subject of this workshop, gave us many new insights and unexpected
findings, e.g., the detection of infrared cirrus clouds.
The study of interstellar dust is important not only by itself but also in connection
with the star formation process. The dust mainly determines the thermal and dynamical
structure of interstellar clouds. Consequently, the workshop dealt also with problems
of star formation. The discovery of the Becklin-Neugebauer object in the Orion
molecular cloud in 1967 and later on similar objects embedded within dense regions of
molecular clouds enabled the study of very early stages of stellar evolution. While the
BN objects appear to be most likely fully formed OB stars, the IRAS data and the use
of submillimetre telescopes should render the detection of real proto stars possible.
These questions were a topic of the workshop just as bipolar nebulae which are related
to both early and late stages of stellar evolution. Besides those local aspects of star
formation some lectures dealt with global aspects such as the initial mass function, the
star formation rate and the formation of OB associations.
We wish to thank all lecturers for their efforts in preparing the manuscripts of their
lectures and sending them in time. We feel that the discussions in their edited form
cannot reflect the exciting atmosphere prevailing during the days of the workshop.
Nevertheless, it is hoped that they will help to make the scientific contents of the papers
more easily accessible.
We would be glad if the proceedings come out with some new problems to work on.
Astrophysics and Space Science 128 (1986) I.