The Road to Academic Excellence - ISBN: 9780821388051

394 Pages·2011·2.53 MB·English

by  World Bank Group

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Philip G. Altbach and Jamil Salmi
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The Road to Academic Excellence

The Road to Academic
Excellence
The Making of World-Class
Research Universities
Philip G. Altbach and Jamil Salmi
Editors
© 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in
this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World
Bank or the governments they represent.
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8805-1
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8806-8
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8805-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The road to academic excellence: the making of world-class research universities / edited by
Philip G. Altbach and Jamil Salmi.
p. cm. — (Directions in development)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8805-1 (alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8213-8806-8
1. Education, Higher—Economic aspects. 2. Economic development—Effect of education
on. 3. Universities and colleges—Research. 4. Higher education and state. 5. Education and
globalization. I. Salmi, Jamil. II. Altbach, Philip G.
LC67.6.R63 2011
378.3'8—dc23
2011017058
Cover photo by: Gary Wayne Gilbert
Cover photo of Linden Lane and Gasson Hall, Boston College
Cover design: Naylor Design, Inc.
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Authors xix
Abbreviations xxv
Introduction 1
Philip G. Altbach and Jamil Salmi
Annex IA Summary of the Methodology
of the Three Leading International Rankings 7
References 8
Chapter 1 The Past, Present, and Future of the
Research University 11
Philip G. Altbach
The 21st-Century Global Context 12
Historical Background 14
The “Spirit” of the Research University 15
The Language of Science and Scholarship 17
A Special Kind of Professor 18
v
vi Contents
Governance and Leadership 20
Basic versus Applied Research 21
The California Master Plan for Higher Education 22
The Present Circumstances of the
Research University 24
Current and Future Challenges 26
The Future of the Research University 28
Note 29
References and Other Sources 29
Chapter 2 Building World-Class Universities in China:
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 33
Qing Hui Wang, Qi Wang, and Nian Cai Liu
National Perspectives and History 34
Overview of SJTU and Its Practices 36
Strategic Plans and Goals 37
Governance Structure and Management Reform 42
Improvement of Faculty Quality 45
Encouragement of Academic Discipline
Development and Research Excellence 48
Promotion of Internationalization Strategies 52
Diversification of Financial Resources 56
Conclusion 57
Notes 58
References 59
Chapter 3 The Rise of Research Universities:
The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology 63
Gerard A. Postiglione
Key Factors for HKUST 64
The HKUST Context 69
Basic Characteristics of HKUST 70
Students and Academic Staff Members 72
HKUST’s Inauguration and Commencement 74
Elements of HKUST 78
Conclusion 90
Notes 96
References 98
Contents vii
Chapter 4 A World-Class Research University on the
Periphery: The Pohang University of
Science and Technology, the Republic of Korea 101
Byung Shik Rhee
The Korean System of Higher Education 103
The Background of Building a
New University 105
Early Development of POSTECH 107
Governance and Leadership 109
Institutional Management 110
Research and the University-Industry Link 111
Curriculum, Teaching and Learning, and
Student Life 113
The Academic Profession 115
Internationalization 116
Finance 118
Government Support and Control 119
Changing Environment and
Emerging Challenges 121
Conclusion 124
Notes 125
References 126
Chapter 5 The National University of Singapore and the
University of Malaya: Common Roots and
Different Paths 129
Hena Mukherjee and Poh Kam Wong
Postseparation Policy Environment 131
Language Policy 134
Financing 136
Challenges Facing University Management
and Administration 138
Secondary Schooling and Preparedness for
Tertiary Education 143
Undergraduate, Graduate, and
International Students 144
Development of Academic Faculty 149
Development and Management
of Research 153
viii Contents
Performance Measures and Indicators
of Success 156
Lessons Learned 161
References 163
Chapter 6 Toward World-Class Status? The IIT System
and IIT Bombay 167
Narayana Jayaram
The IIT System 168
IIT Bombay: A Case Study 179
Conclusion: Whither the IIT System? 187
Notes 191
References 192
Chapter 7 The Rise, Fall, and Reemergence of the
University of Ibadan, Nigeria 195
Peter Materu, Pai Obanya, and Petra Righetti
Influence of Nigeria’s Political, Economic,
and Social Trends on the Evolution of
the University 198
Attempts at Revitalizing the University 210
Development of Academic Faculty 217
Financing 218
Conclusion 223
References 226
Chapter 8 Private and Public Pathways to World-Class
Research Universities: The Case of Chile 229
Andrés Bernasconi
Chile’s Political Economy of Higher Education 231
The Paradigm of the Research University 235
The University of Chile 238
The Pontifical Catholic University
of Chile 245
Conclusions 252
Notes 258
References 259