The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures (Apa Science Volumes)

218 Pages·1998·11.21 MB·English

by  Ulric Neisser

TheR isiCnugr ve
Long-TeGrma inisnI Qan dR elatMede asures
EditbeydU lrNieci sser
AmericPasny chologAiscsaolc ia•t Wiaosnh ingtDoCn ,
Copyright C 1998b yt hAem ericaPns ycholoAsgisociacalti onAl.l r ighrtesse rveExd­.
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ResearCcomhmiunngi ytyc hloPgos:yI suseso fTh eorayn Mde tohds forp roposiasli ss suetwdi caen nualblyyt heS cientifiDci rectorate,
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Stetypree oAccuTrowaacyrA:dp rpeciGatirnpoDg uffi erences arlvyo lumeesa,c ohf w hichha sc ontribtuott ehded isseminaotfi on
Stereotypveedm eMBnortasa:in nBd e havRieaoltris ohpnis researchd iaanldo ginu teh esteo picaarle as.
StyuidnLgi vThesr oguhT mieP:e rnsaolaintyDd e vpemleont TheA PA ScienDcier ectorate's fucnodnifnepgrr eongcreashm a s
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umesr esultfrionmg c onferehnacvebese enp ublished.
Testimyo n
TastExpee,r iee,na cnFde endg:Di evpemloentL eaanrndi ng
WILliAM C.H OWELL, PHD VIRGiNIAE .H OLT
TemperamIenndt:i vDiideffuraelna cttes hI ent erfaofcB eil oogayn d
ExecutivDei rector Assista.'lt DEixreeccuttiovre
Behavior
Throguht hLeo okGilansgIs ss:u oesf P shycologWeillc-aBle iinn g
CatpiNvoen huPmrainm ates
UnitPiysncghg oyla onBdi olIongyt:e grPaertispveec toinHv umesa n
Develoepnmt
ViewiPnsgy oclhoagys Whao le:Th eI ngtreatSicvieeo nfc e
WilliNa.mD ember
APA expecttso p ublivsohl umoensth e followcionngf eretnocpei cs:
ComputatioMnoadle lionfgB ehaviPorro cesisnOe rs ganizations
DissonaTnhceeo r4y0 Y earLsa teAr R:e vivalWi th Revisiaonnds
Controversies
ExperimentalP sychopaltohgoayn dP atheongesoifsS chizophrenia
Maritala ndF amilTyh erapOyu tcomaen dPr ocess Research
Coentnts
ListC oonft ributors xi
Preface xiii
1 IntroducRtiisoinTn:eg s Stc oreasn dWh at TheyM ean 3
UlrNieci sser
ParOtn eG:a ins Ionnt elliTgeesntcse
2 IQ GainOsv erT imeT:o warFdi nditnhge C auses 25
JameRs.F lynn
3 EnvironmeCnotmapll exiatyn dt heF lynEnff ect 67
CarmSic hooler
4 TheC ulturEavlo lutoifoIn Q 81
PatriMc.Gi rae enfield
5 AreW e RaisiSnmga rtCehri ldrTeodna yS?c hooaln-d
Home-RelaItnefldu encoenIs Q 125
WendMy. Wi lliams
6 The RolNe utorfi tini otnh eD evelopmoefn t
Intelligence 155
Marian SaingdSm haann nEo.Whn a ley
7 Nutritainodn tWhoer ldwidRei sine IQS cores 183
ReynaldMoa rtorell
8 InS upport oNfu ttrhiet Tihoeno ry 207
RichaLrydn n
ParTtw o:A NarrowiGnagp i nS choAoclh ieemvent
9 Trendins Black-WhiTtees t-ScDoirffee rentials:
I.U sesa ndM isusoefNs A EP/SAT Data 219
RobeMr.tH auser
ix
CONTETNS
10 Exploritnhg eR apiRdi sien B lacAkc hievemSecnotr es
int heU niteSdt at(e1s 970-1990) 251
DaviW.d G rissSmteeprh,a Winlilei amson,
Cnortiubtors
SheiNlaat arKaijrb ay,n dM arBke rends
11 The ShrinkGianpgB etweeHni gha-ndL ow-Scoring
GroupCsu:r reTnrte ndasn dP ossiCbalues es 287
StepJh.eC ne cTiin,a B .R osenbalnudm ,
MatthKeuwm pf
MarBke renRANdDs ,I nstitfourtE ed ucatiaonndT raining,
12 TrendisnB lack-WhTietse-t S coDrieff erentials:
WashingtDoCn ,
IIT.h eW ORDSUM VocabulTaersyt 303
StepJh.Cee nc Die,p artmenotfH umanD evelopment, Cornell
Min-HsiHuunagna gn dR obeMr.tH auser
University
ParTth reTeh:e H ypohtesiosfD ysgenTirce nds JamRe.sF lynnP,o litiSctauled siU,n iversofiO ttya goD,u nedin,
13 The DeclionfeG enotypIinct elligence 335 NewZ ealand
PatriMc.iG ar eenfieDlepda,r tmeonfPt s ycholUongiyv,e rosfi ty
RichaLrydn n
Califo-rnLioasA ngeles
14 ProbleimnsI nefrriDnygs genTirce ndfsor I ntellige3n6c5e
DavidW .G rimse,srRAND InstitufotreE ducatioann dT raining,
IrwDi.nW aldman
WashingtDoCn ,
15 DifferenFteiratli blyiI tQya ndt heI Q Distribution
RobeMr.tH auseCre,n teforr D emograyp,Uh niverosifWt iys consin
of Pao pulation 377
Min-HsiuHnuga ngI,ns tituotfEe u ropeaannd A mericSatnu dies,
SamuHe.lP reston
AcademSiian iTcaai,p Teaii,w an
16 WhitheDrys geniCcosm?m entosn L ynna ndP reston 389 SheiNlaat arKiar;b yRAND, InstitufotreE ducatioannd T raining,
JohC.n L oehlin WashingtDoCn ,
AuthorI ndex 399 MatthKeumw pfD,e partmenotfH umanD evelopmeCnotrn,e ll
SubjecItn dex 411 University
Aboutt heE ditor 415 JohCn. Lo ehlin, DepartmenoftP sycholUongiyv,e rosfiT teyxa s
RicharLdy nnU,n iverosfiU tlyts ear tC oleraNionret,h eIrnr eland
ReynalMardtoo reRloll,li ns SocfPh uobollHi eca ltEhm,o ry
University
UlrNiec issDeerpartm, ento fP sycholCoogrnye,ll U niversity
SamuelH .P restPoonp,u latiSotnu diCeesne trU,n iverosfi ty
Pennsylvania
TinBa. R osenblDume,partm ento fH umanD evelopmeCnotrn,e ll
Univeristy
Carmi SchoolerLabo,r atoroyfE nvimreonntSatlu dNiatieosn,a l
InstitoufMt een tHaeallth ,R ockville,MD
% ;C;'
CONTRIBUTORS
MariSaingm aDne,p artmoefPn sty choUlnoigvye,r osfi ty
Calif-oLrnoiAnsag eles
Irwin D.W aldman,D epartmeonfPt s ychoElmoogryUy,n iversity Preface
ShannEo.Wn h ale,Dy epartmoefPn sty chology, oUfn iversity
Calif-oLrnoiAsan geles
WendMy. W illiams,D epartmoefHn utm aDne velopmCeonrtn,e ll
University
StephWailnliamiseo nRAN,D InstiftouErtd eu catainodTnr a ining,
sychomertersiecar racrhem layk etsh hee adlbiuntwe hse,itn d oes
WashingDtCo n, Pthnee wissm ostblaydH .e rrnsatnedMi unr raThye'B se Cllu rve,a
nationbaels tsiesol nlletyrh ,me o srte ceanntdb esptu blicsiuzmemda ry
oft hdee pressinagb "ofuIatQac ntdsg "r oup diffIenrteenlcleisg.e nce
ish eredistona ortyh,i mnugc hc anb ed onteo r aiistte;h mee and if­
ferebnectew etehIneQ so fB laacnkWd h itiesas p pareinntcloyrb rlie;g i
andt hpee opwliett hh leo weIsQtsh avteh meo scth ildsrote hnge,e ne
pooilsb ountdog ewto rsBeu.tc anw et akteh efsaec attfs a cvea lue?
Itt urns outt hatth eirsea nothseirdt eot hset ooryn,et halte atdos
quidtieff erceonntc lusions:
Scoroensi ntelltiegseatnrscre ei sinnogft,a lling.
•
TheB lackh-iWtgea pi ns choaoclh ievehmaecsnl to sderda matically
•
inr eceyneta rs.
Theriesn oc onvincingt heavatin ddye ynscgeet nriecen xdi sts.
•
Ift heesnec ourafignidnignw gesrm eo rwei deulnyd ersttohioend t,e l­
ligednecbea mtieg htta koena d ifferteonnTteh .ep urpoosfte h ibso ok
ist oc ontribtou stuec aht ransformation.
Im ysellefa ranbeodual ltt hiosn lrye cenItnll ayt1.e9 9i4tf etlol
my lotto h eaadn A mericPasny cholAosgsioccaila ttiaosfnko rce
f chargweidta hs sestshipenr ge ssetnatto ufts h sec ienstifitcu doyfi n.:.
telliAgtet nhcapeto. i nItw ,a sn ofutl lfya milwiiattrhh lei teraotfu re
thfiee lhda,v iwnogr kmeods tliyno thearr eoafsc ogniptisvyec hology.
(Thturniesd outto b eana dvantianpg ree patrhirene gp obretc aIu se
hadn oe stablpiosshietidto odn e fenMdy. e)xp eriewinthc eth etas k
fortcaeu ghmte m anyth ingasn,dtw o ofth em osrte markhaabvel e
xii 'xiii
PREAFCE PREAFCE
becomteh ef ocuosfthis volumteh:es teawdoyr ldwirdiesi ent esstc ores contributoifEo mnosr yU niversaintdty h eE moryC ognitioPnr oject,
andt hed iminishBilnagc k-Whdiitffee reinncs ec hooalc hievement. whicmha det hec onference pionst shiefib rlsept l acMea.n yo fm y
As soona st het asfko rcreep ortw asc ompletIe tdo,o ks teptso friendasn dc olleagautEe mso ryw,h ow eres ok indt om e ins om any
convean ceo nferetnohc eel p claripfyh etnhoemseen Tah.a tc onference waysf ors om anyy earpsr,o vidheedl apn de ncouragemaetcn rti tical
wash elidn t hes prinogf1 99a6t E moryU niverswihteyr,Ie w asth en momentosf t hipsr ojeacstw ellS.p ecitahla nkgso t oE arHlu nta nd
teachiAntgt .h es uggestoifoR ni chaLrydn ni,t ssc opwea sb roadened NathaBnr odyw,h osteh oughtfuclr itiquheasvm ea det hivso lummeu ch
toi ncluad teh irtdo pitch:et hreoaftn egattrievned isn t hep opulation betttehra in tw oulodt herwhiasveeb eenM.o sto fa llIa, m gratefutlo
pooolf g enotypesi ntfeolrl igBeenccaeu.ts hei iss suhea sl urkeidnt he thec ontributthoermss eltvheesgy;a vteh eitral ksw,r otaen dr ewrote
backgrouonftd h ei ntellidgeebnactfeeo rm oret haan centubruyth as theicrh apteprustu, p withm y manyd elaaynsd s ometimaewsk ward
rarebleye nt hes ubjeocfto pend ebatIew ,e lcomeLdy nn'ssu ggestion. requesatnsdfi, n allbyr ougah tfi neb ooki nteox isteTnhacnek.s f,o lks;
Sucha debatsee emeeds pecitailmleybl eyc aurseec ewnotr kb yP reston heriet i s.
andC ampbe(lsle ceh aptert hivso lumhea)s u ndercthuet m ostb asic
IS,
UlriNce isser
assumptioonft hed ysgenhiycp otheIstit su.r nosu tc,o unterivnetluyi,ti
IthacNae,w York
thadtif efrentbiiarlt h ratgerso u(psfsco orr ihnigg ahn d loonwa t rait)
do nonte cessaprrioldyu cceh angienst hep opulation mean.
Thesteh reies suweesr aed dresasteE dm oryb ya ni mpressgirvoeu p
ofs cholaJrasm.eF sl ynonp enetdh ed iscussbiypo rne sentitnhgeb asic
factasb outth er isien t esstc ortehsa nto wb earhsi sn ameH.e also
offeread s keptiacnaall yosfiv sa rioeuxpsl anatioonfsth e effecetxp,l a­
natiothnast w eret hend iscusasneddd efendbeydo thers peakeInr s.
subsequseensts ioRnosb,e rHta usearn dD aviGdr issmdeers critbheed
recendtr amatgiaci nisn B lacckh ildrsecnh'oso alc hievemaenndtr e­
viewethde iri mplicatthiiosnt so;p itco,o w,a se xtensivdeilsyc usFsie­d.
nallLyyn,n presenhtiesvd e rsioofnt hed ysgenhiycp othewshiisc,wh a s
vigoroudselbya tbeydP restoann ds everal coothmemre ntators.
Mosto ft hep articiipnatn htasct o nferehnacvece o ntribtuott ehdi s
bookIn. almosetv ercya sheo,w evetrh,e icrh aptegrows e lble yontdh e
presentattihoanwtse rmea dea tE moryM.a nyo ft hemh avbee enw rit­
ten andr ewritsteevne rtiamle si,n r espontsode e taiclreidti quTehse.
resuilsta cohereanntd s cholavrollyu moef w hicIh am extremely
proudo,n eth atm aym akea ni mportacnotn tributtiooth ne ongoing
debataeb outte satnsd th eiri mplications.
I am gratefutlo th e AmericaPnsy chologicaAls sociatifoonri ts
consistent osfut phpieosnr tte rpriinscel,u dbionthgth e conferenacned
the publicaotfit ohnep resevnotl um.Ie also very mucha pprecithaet e
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