The Rise of The Global South: Philosophical, Geopolitical and Economic Trends of the 21st Century

450 Pages·2013·1.906 MB·English

by  Justin Dargin

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Economic Trends of the 21st Century
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GlObal SOuth
Philosophical, Geopolitical and
Economic Trends of the 21st Century
edited by
Justin Dargin
Harvard University, USA
World Scientific
NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI
8430_9789814397803_tp.indd 2 15/4/13 11:31 AM
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
THE RISE OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH
Philosophical, Geopolitical and Economic Trends of the 21st Century
Copyright © 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to
photocopy is not required from the publisher.
ISBN 978-981-4397-80-3
In-house Editors: Divya Srikanth & Sandhya Venkatesh
Typeset by Stallion Press
Email: [email protected]
Printed in Singapore
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Preface
This volume was born out of the need to fill the gap in the literature on
the shifting global environment that perceives the rise of multiple poles
of influence. It seeks to explain the rising geopolitical, economic, and cul-
tural power of the countries that make up the Global South. Such a task,
by necessity, is Herculean in scope. Attempting to place in one volume a
comprehensivescholarshipthataspirestocapturethesignificantstructural
permutations that occurred since the end of World War II is unenviable.
However,asIbegantocreatethebasicexoskeletonthatmakesupthisvol-
ume, it was apparent to me that although it is nearly impossible to extend
thereachofthecurrentliteraturehorizontally,itwasmorethanpossibleto
extendtherelevantscholarlyinquiriesverticallytoadddepthtothistopic.
Therearefartoomanypeopletonamewhohavecontributedinbitsand
piecestothefinalmanuscript.ToparaphraseanoldAfricanproverb,ittruly
takesavillage.Ofcourse,withoutthecontributors,thisprojectwouldnever
have come to fruition. I extend a hearty sense of appreciation to Mhamed
Biygautane,whoaddedhiscriticalappraisaloftheeconomicperformanceof
Africaaswellashisexhaustivelistofpolicyrecommendationtorectifydefi-
ciencies in this troubled continent. Deniz Altinba¸s tirelessly worked on her
contributiontodevelopaverytimelypiecewhichprovesthatSouth–South
Cooperation is still very much concerned with the legacy of the colonial
enterprise. Kristian Coates Ulrichsen is thanked for contributing his deep
reservoir of knowledge about the Gulf countries and their often overlooked
role in South–South Cooperation. Adhip Chaudhuri produced an excellent
chapter despite numerous obligations. While a lesser scholar (with justifi-
cation) would have pulled out of the project, he, however, perservered. His
unwavering support to this project is appreciated.
Dennis Kumetat first produced his draft while Colonel Muammar
al-Gaddafi was still the undisputed leader of Libya. While the Libyan
imbroglio was still far from certain in mid-2011, he successfully recom-
posed his draft to presciently take account of the ever-changing political
landscape of the North African country. All of the other authors, Anouar
Majid, Rita Giacalone, Amadu Sesay, Olayode Kehinde Olusola, Moshood
Omotosho, Nicolas Depetris Chauvin, Marat Terterov, Marine Vallet,
v
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vi Preface
ClaudiaNocente,MadanBezbaruah,GilesMohan,SachinChaturvedi,and
Halla Thorsteinsdo´ttir are sincerely thanked for their significant efforts
to realize this scholarly work. Additionally, my research assistant, Arthur
DeLong, worked long hours to bring this project to fruition. His efforts are
appreciated.
The generous support of Harvard University’s Dubai Initiative allowed
me to travel extensively to develop the background for this volume. Their
constantassistancewasasignificanthelptothisproject’sinitialformation.
I also appreciate the unflagging assistance of Harvard University and the
various scholars and experts who played a crucial role in the review and
final birth of this project.
A heartfelt thanks is extended to the American University in Kuwait,
the Dubai School of Government, and Georgetown University’s School of
ForeignServiceinDohaforgenerouslyallowingmeaccesstotheirrespective
facultiesandgrantingmeofficespaceduringtheearlystagesofmyresearch
and formulation of the book project. Sarah Al-Khairulla’s patient listening
of the various permutations and unceasing changes that took place during
thedevelopmentofthissomewhatbroadthemecontributedimmensevalue,
and she is sincerely thanked. I also express my gratitude to my father and
mother, whose unceasing motivation allowed me to plumb the depths of
their vast knowledge on this theme, as well as their historical memory of
livingintheeraofdecolonization.Therearealsomanyotherpeoplewhose
involvement was pivotal, and without whom this volume would not exist.
They are also recognized for their kind efforts.
Justin Dargin
Oxford, United Kingdom
January 2013
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Contents
Preface v
About the Editor ix
About the Contributors xi
Introduction xvii
Part One: Cooperation in the Global South:
History and Process 1
1. How the South Was Born: Reflections on the Geography
and Culture of Inequality 3
Anouar Majid
2. South–South Cooperation: A Counter-Hegemonic Movement? 29
Deniz Altinba¸s
3. South–South Cooperation: A Bridge Between Regionalism
and Globalization? 67
Rita Giacalone
Part Two: Conflict and Resolution: Geostrategic
Cooperation in Africa and the Arab/
Islamic World 93
4. Africa and South–South Cooperation: Opportunities
and Challenges 95
Amadu Sesay, Olayode Kehinde Olusola,
and Mashood Omotosho
5. Gaddafi’s Southern Legacy: Ideology and Power Politics
in Africa 125
Dennis Kumetat
vii
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viii Contents
6. The Gulf States and South–South Cooperation 153
Kristian Coates Ulrichsen
7. South–SouthCooperationandtheImpactsonSub-Saharan
AfricaandtheMaghrebRegion:MissedOpportunitiesand
the Way Forward 175
Mhamed Biygautane and Nicolas Depetris Chauvin
8. Searching for an End Game in the West’s Unwinnable
Wars in the South: The Experience of Counter-Terrorism
Strategies in a Selection of Muslim Countries 213
Marat Terterov, Marine Vallet, and Claudia Nocente
Part Three: Trade, Tourism, and Migration
as South–South Cooperation
Drivers 245
9. Tourism, Sustainable Development, and Poverty Alleviation 247
Madan Bezbaruah
10. MigrantsasAgentsofSouth–SouthCooperation:TheCase
of Chinese in Africa 283
Giles Mohan
11. Promoting Industrialization: Trade and Industrial
Strategies for the Global South 323
Justin Dargin
12. South–South Cooperation in the WTO: Doha to Cancun 349
Adhip Chaudhuri
13. South–South Cooperation and Emerging Economies:
Insights from Health Sector Cooperation between
India and Brazil 371
Sachin Chaturvedi and Halla Thorsteinsdo´ttir
Index 409
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About the Editor
Justin Dargin has been actively involved in researching and teaching
about global geopolitics and economic issues for many years. He is an
Energy and Geopolitics Scholar at the University of Oxford. He was a
former Research Fellow with The Dubai Initiative at Harvard University,
where he won a Harvard award for his groundbreaking research into the
MENA energy/power sector. He is also a Fulbright Scholar of the Middle
East and North Africa. Mr Dargin was also a Visiting Professor at a Seton
Hall Law School program, where he taught a highly regarded international
energy law and geopolitics course.
Currently, Mr Dargin sits on a variety of boards, such as the board of
directorsofthenon-profitInternationalEnergyFoundation.Hewasonthe
review committee for Fulbright Scholars and is a member of the United
Nations Alliance of Civilizations as a global energy expert. He has been
featured extensively for his expert opinion on major global TV channels
such as Al Jazeera, Russia Today, and Al Hurra. He has also been quoted
extensively in the International Herald Tribune, The Economist, the Asso-
ciated Press, and the Middle East Economic Digest, amongst many other
media outlets.
ix