The RF and microwave handbook

692 Pages·2001·32.107 MB·English

by  Golio, John Michael

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Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
AdvisoryBoard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
IntroductiontoMicrowavesandRF
PatrickFay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1
1
OverviewofMicrowaveEngineering
MikeGolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
SECTION I Microwave and RF Product Applications
2
TerrestrialandSatelliteMobileRadioSystems
AndyD.Kucar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
3
CellularMobileTelephony
PaulG.Flikkema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
4
WiMAXRFSystemandCircuitChallenges
BalvinderS.Bisla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
5
BroadbandWirelessAccess:HighRate,PointtoMultipoint,FixedAntenna
Systems
BrianPetry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
v
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vi Contents
6
WirelessLocalAreaNetworks(WLAN)
JimPaviol,CarlAndren,andJohnFakatselis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
7
IEEE802.11gHigherDataRatesinthe2.4GHzBand
JimPaviol,AlPetrick,andBobO’Hara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
8
WirelessPersonalAreaNetworkCommunications,anApplicationOverview
IanC.Gifford. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
9
AnalogFiber-OpticLinks
WilliamD.JemisonandArthurC.Paolella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
10
SatelliteCommunicationsSystems
RameshK.Gupta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
11
Satellite-BasedCellularCommunications
NilsV.Jespersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
12
ElectronicsforDefenseApplications
MichaelJ.BiercukandJohnC.Zolper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
13
MicrowaveandRFAvionicsApplications
JamesL.Bartlett. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
14
ContinuousWaveRadar
SamuelO.PiperandJamesC.Wiltse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
15
PulseRadar
MelvinL.Belcher,Jr.andJoshT.Nessmith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1
16
AutomotiveRadar
MadhuS.Gupta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1
17
GroundPenetratingRadar
CareyM.Rappaport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1
18
NewFrontiersforRF/MicrowavesinTherapeuticMedicine
AryeRosen,HarelD.Rosen,andStuartD.Edwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1
SECTION II Systems Considerations
19
ThermalAnalysisandDesignofElectronicSystems
AvramBar-Cohen,KarlJ.L.Geisler,andAllanD.Kraus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1
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Contents vii
20
ElectronicHardwareReliability
DigantaDasandMichaelPecht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-1
21
SafetyandEnvironmentalIssues
JohnM.OsepchukandRonaldC.Petersen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1
22
SignalCharacterizationandModulationTheory
JohnF.Sevic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1
23
ProductivityInitiatives
MikeGolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-1
24
CostModeling
LelandM.Farrer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-1
25
EngineeringDesignReviewProcess
LelandM.Farrer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-1
26
PowerSupplyManagement
BrentA.McDonald,GeorgeK.Schoneman,andDanielE.Jenkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-1
27
LowVoltage/LowPowerMicrowaveElectronics
MikeGolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-1
SECTION III Underlying Physics
28
Maxwell’sEquations
NicholasE.Buris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-1
29
WavePropagationinFreeSpace
MatthewSadikuandSudarshanRaoNelatury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-1
30
GuidedWavePropagationandTransmissionLines
W.R.Deal,V.Radisic,Y.Qian,andT.Itoh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-1
31
TheEffectsofMultipathFadinginWirelessCommunicationSystems
WayneStark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-1
32
ElectromagneticInterference(EMI)
AlfyRiddle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-1
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viii Contents
AppendixA:Mathematics,Symbols,andPhysicalConstants . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
AppendixB:MicrowaveEngineeringAppendix
JohnP.Wendler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1
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Preface
The first edition of the RF and Microwave Handbook was published in 2000. The project got off to an
inauspiciousstartwhen24inchesofsnowfellinDenvertheeveningbeforetheadvisoryboardplannedto
holdtheirkick-offmeeting.TwomembersoftheboardweretrappedfordaysintheDenverairportsince
planeswerenotarrivingorleaving.Becauseofroadclosures,onememberwasstrandedonlymilesaway
fromthemeetinginBoulder.AndtheremainderoftheboardwasstrandedinaDenverhotel10miles
fromtheairport.Despitethisominousbeginning,aplanwasformed,expertauthorsrecruited,andthe
bookwasdevelopedandpublished.Theplanninganddevelopmentofthissecondeditionhavebeenvery
smoothanduneventfulincomparisontoourfirstefforts.Sincepublicationin2000,thevalueoftheRF
andMicrowaveHandbookhasbeenrecognizedbythousandsofengineersthroughouttheworld. Three
derivativehandbookshavealsobeenpublishedandembracedbythemicrowaveindustry.Theadvisory
boardbelievesthatthiseditionwillbefoundtobeofevengreatervaluethanthefirstedition.
Priortothe1990s,microwaveengineeringwasemployedalmostexclusivelytoaddressmilitary,satellite,
andavionicsapplications.In1985,therewereafewlimitedapplicationsofRFandmicrowavesystemsthat
laymenmightbefamiliarwithsuchassatelliteTVandtheuseofsatellitecommunicationsforoverseas
phonecalls.Pagerswerealsoavailablebutnotcommon.Incontrast,by1990thewirelessrevolutionhad
begun.Cellphoneswerebecomingcommonandnewapplicationsofwirelesstechnologywereemerging
everyday.Companiesinvolvedinwirelessmarketsseemedtohavealicensetoprintmoney.Atthetime
oftheintroductionofthefirsteditionoftheRFandMicrowaveHandbook,wirelesselectronicproducts
werepervasive,butrelativelysimple,earlygenerationsoftheadvancedwirelessproductsavailabletoday.
Atpresent,thenumberofpeopleusingwirelessvoiceanddatasystemscontinuestogrow.Newsystems
suchas3Gphones, 4Gphones, andWiMAXrepresentemergingnewwirelessmarketswithsignificant
growth potential. All of these wireless products are dependent on the RF and microwave component
andsystemengineering, whichisthesubjectofthisbook. Duringthistimethemilitary, satellite, and
avionicssystemshavealsobecomeincreasinglycomplex.Theresearchanddevelopmentthatdrivesthese
applicationscontinuestoserveasthefoundationformostofthecommercialwirelessproductsavailable
toconsumers.
ThiseditionofthehandbookcoversissuesofinteresttoengineersinvolvedinRF/microwavesystem
andcomponentdevelopment.Thesecondeditionincludessignificantlyexpandedtopiccoverageaswell
asupdatedornewarticlesformostofthetopicsincludedinthefirstedition.Theexpansionofmaterial
haspromptedthedivisionofthehandbookintothreeindependentvolumesofmaterial.Thechaptersare
aimedatworkingengineers,managers,andacademicswhohaveaneedtounderstandmicrowavetopics
outsidetheirareaofexpertise.Althoughthebookisnotwrittenasatextbook,researchersandstudents
will find it useful. Most of the chapters provide extensive references so that they will not only explain
fundamentalsofeachfield,butalsoserveasastartingpointforfurtherin-depthresearch.
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