Table Of Content

TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 The Retina Illustrated Justis P. Ehlers, MD The Norman C. and Donna L. Harbert Endowed Chair for Ophthalmic Research Director, The Tony and Leona Campane Center for Excellence in Image-Guided Surgery and Advanced Imaging Research Cole Eye Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Assistant Editor Thuy K. Le, BA Project Lead, The Tony and Leona Campane Center for Excellence in Image-Guided Surgery and Advanced Imaging Research Cole Eye Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio 407 illustrations Thieme New York (cid:129) Stuttgart (cid:129) Delhi (cid:129) Rio de Janeiro TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Importantnote:Medicineisanever-changingscienceundergo- ingcontinualdevelopment.Researchandclinicalexperienceare Names:Ehlers,JustisP.,editor. continuallyexpandingourknowledge,inparticularourknowl- Title:Theretinaillustrated/[editedby]JustisP.Ehlers. edgeofpropertreatmentanddrugtherapy.Insofarasthisbook Description:NewYork:Thieme,[2020]|Includesbibliographical mentionsanydosageorapplication,readersmayrestassuredthat referencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2019034798(print)|LCCN2019034799(ebook) the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensurethatsuchreferencesareinaccordancewiththestateof |ISBN9781626238312(paperback)|ISBN9781626238336 knowledgeatthetimeofproductionofthebook. (ebook) Subjects:MESH:RetinalDiseases–diagnosticimaging|Retinal Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any Diseases–surgery guaranteeorresponsibilityonthepartofthepublishersinrespect Classification:LCCRE551(print)|LCCRE551(ebook)|NLMWW toanydosageinstructionsandformsofapplicationsstatedinthe 270|DDC617.7/35–dc23 book.Everyuserisrequestedtoexaminecarefullythemanufac- turers’leafletsaccompanyingeachdrugandtocheck,ifnecessary LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019034798 inconsultationwithaphysicianorspecialist,whetherthedosage LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019034799 schedulesmentionedthereinorthecontraindicationsstatedbythe manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book.Suchexaminationisparticularlyimportantwithdrugsthat areeitherrarelyusedorhavebeennewlyreleasedonthemarket. Everydosagescheduleoreveryformofapplicationusedisentirely attheuser’sownriskandresponsibility.Theauthorsandpublishers requesteveryusertoreporttothepublishersanydiscrepanciesor inaccuraciesnoticed.Iferrorsinthisworkarefoundafterpubli- cation,erratawillbepostedatwww.thieme.comontheproduct descriptionpage. Someoftheproductnames,patents,andregistereddesigns referredtointhisbookareinfactregisteredtrademarksorpro- prietarynameseventhoughspecificreferencetothisfact isnot always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a Copyright©2020byThiemeMedicalPublishers,Inc. representationbythepublisherthatitisinthepublicdomain. ThiemePublishersNewYork 333SeventhAvenue,NewYork,NY10001USA +18007823488,[email protected] ThiemePublishersStuttgart Rüdigerstrasse14,70469Stuttgart,Germany +49[0]7118931421,[email protected] ThiemePublishersDelhi A-12,SecondFloor,Sector-2,Noida-201301 UttarPradesh,India +911204556600,[email protected] ThiemeRevinterPublicaçõesLtda. RuadoMatoso,170–Tijuca RiodeJaneiroRJ20270-135-Brasil +55212563-9702 www.thiemerevinter.com.br Coverdesign:ThiemePublishingGroup TypesettingbyThomsonDigital,India PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by byKingPrintingCo.,Inc. 54321 copyright.Anyuse,exploitation,orcommercializationoutsidethe narrowlimitssetbycopyrightlegislation,withoutthepublisher’s ISBN978-1-62623-831-2 consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing, Alsoavailableasane-book: preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and eISBN978-1-62623-833-6 storage. TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 Tomyparentsforshowingmehowtofollowmydreams. Tomywonderfulwife,Gina,andmytwoamazingchildren,AdelynandCooper, forenablingmetolivethosedreamseverydaywitheachofyou. TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 Contents Preface .................................................................................................... xv Acknowledgments....................................................................................... xvi Contributors.............................................................................................. xvii Part I Retinal Diagnostics 1 OpticalCoherenceTomography..................................................................... 2 RachelC.ChenandPeterK.Kaiser 2 FluoresceinAngiography ............................................................................ 6 JeremyA.LavineandJustisP.Ehlers 3 IndocyanineGreenAngiography.................................................................... 9 DanielR.AgarwalandSumitSharma 4 OpticalCoherenceTomographyAngiography..................................................... 13 MalvikaAryaandNadiaK.Waheed 5 IntraoperativeOpticalCoherenceTomography ................................................... 18 AtsuroUchidaandJustisP.Ehlers 6 FundusAutofluorescence............................................................................ 22 SriniVasSaddaandEnricoBorrelli Part II Macular and Peripheral Vitreoretinal Interface Disorders 7 PosteriorVitreousDetachment..................................................................... 28 NataliaAlbuquerqueLucenaFigueiredoandJustisP.Ehlers 8 EpiretinalMembrane................................................................................. 31 RaminTadayoni 9 MacularHoles......................................................................................... 35 PhilipP.StoreyandCarlD.Regillo 10VitreomacularTraction .............................................................................. 39 AlmyrS.Sabrosa,DanielaFerrara,andJayS.Duker 11RetinalTearsandHoles.............................................................................. 43 VishalS.Parikh,AnjaliShah,andGauravK.Shah 12PrimaryRhegmatogenousRetinalDetachment................................................... 46 PriyaSharmaandChiragShah 13GiantRetinalTear..................................................................................... 52 DanielSuandAllenHo 14RetinalDialysis........................................................................................ 55 MaxwellS.StemandJeremyD. Wolfe vii TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 Contents 15ProliferativeVitreoretinopathy..................................................................... 59 JeremyA.LavineandJustisP.Ehlers 16Retinoschisis.......................................................................................... 63 YujiItoh 17LatticeDegeneration................................................................................. 66 JenniferC.W.HuandJustisP.Ehlers Part III Retinal Vascular Disease 18DiabeticRetinopathyandDiabeticMacularEdema............................................... 70 NataliaAlbuquerqueLucenaFigueiredoandJustisP.Ehlers 19RetinalVeinOcclusion ............................................................................... 77 SharonFekratandMohsinH.Ali 20RetinalArteryOcclusion............................................................................. 82 RishiP.SinghandAngLi 21OcularIschemicSyndrome.......................................................................... 86 TaliaR.KadenandYashaS.Modi 22RetinalArterialMacroaneurysm.................................................................... 89 KevinWangandJustisP.Ehlers 23RadiationRetinopathy............................................................................... 92 PeterH.TangandPrithviMruthyunjaya 24SickleCellRetinopathy .............................................................................. 96 PaulE.IsraelsenandAndrewW.Browne 25HypertensiveRetinopathy........................................................................... 100 MarisaK.LauandPaulaEemPecen Part IV Retinal Degenerations and Dystrophies 26DryAge-RelatedMacularDegeneration ........................................................... 106 SruthiArepalliandAndrewP.Schachat 27WetAge-RelatedMacularDegeneration........................................................... 110 JenniferC.W.HuandJustisP.Ehlers 28PolypoidalChoroidalVasculopathy................................................................. 116 KeikoKataokaandHirokoTerasaki 29Age-RelatedChoroidalAtrophy..................................................................... 121 RichardF.Spaide 30MyopicDegenerationandMyopicFoveoschisis................................................... 125 MakotoInoueandYujiItoh 31AngioidStreaks....................................................................................... 130 RobertJ.Courtney viii TPS23x31-2|18.09.19-11:25 Contents 32BestDisease........................................................................................... 134 DanielR.AgarwalandEliasI.Traboulsi 33AdultVitelliformMacularDystrophy............................................................... 139 MatthewR.StarrandSophieJ.Bakri 34PatternDystrophy.................................................................................... 142 AmyS.BabiuchandEliasI.Traboulsi 35MacularTelangiectasia............................................................................... 147 S.AmalHussnainandYashaS.Modi 36RetinitisPigmentosa ................................................................................. 151 MeghanJ.DeBenedictisandAleksandraRachitskaya 37ConeDystrophy....................................................................................... 157 HuberMartinsVasconcelos,Jr.andPaulYang 38ParaneoplasticRetinopathies........................................................................ 162 OmarS.PunjabiandDilrajGrewal 39CongenitalStationaryNightBlindness............................................................. 166 LaryssaA.Huryn,BrettG.Jeffrey,andCatherineA.Cukras 40Albinism............................................................................................... 169 AtalieC.ThompsonandLejlaVajzovic 41GyrateAtrophy ....................................................................................... 173 MatteoScaramuzziandEliasI.Traboulsi 42Choroideremia........................................................................................ 179 RubenJaureguiandStephenH.Tsang 43StargardtDisease..................................................................................... 182 SruthiArepalliandJustisP.Ehlers 44CobblestoneDegeneration.......................................................................... 186 KevinWangandJustisP.Ehlers Part VOther Macular Disorders 45CentralSerousChorioretinopathyandPachychoroidDisease ................................... 190 BelindaC.S.LeongandK.BaileyFreund 46HypotonyMaculopathy.............................................................................. 196 NathanE.CutlerandJustisP.Ehlers 47CystoidMacularEdema.............................................................................. 199 NandiniVenkateswaranandJayanthSridhar 48ChoroidalFolds ....................................................................................... 202 JayaB.KumarandJustisP.Ehlers ix