The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Nineteenth-Century France

333 Pages·1995·8.331 MB·English

by  Philip Nord

THE REPUBLICAN MOMENT

The
Republican
Moment
Struggles for D em ocracy in
N in eteen th -C entury France
Philip Nord
Harvard University Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
1995
Copyright © 1995 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nord, Philip G., 1950-
The republican moment : struggles for democracy in nineteenth-
century France / Philip Nord,
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-674-76271-1 (alk. paper)
1. France—History—Third Republic, 1870-1940 2. France—
Politics and government—1870-1940. 3- Republicanism—France—
History—19th century. 4. Middle class—France—Political
activity. 5. Elites (Social science)—France—Attitudes.
I. Title.
DC340.N67 1995
944.07—-dc20
95-10445
for David

Contents
Introduction: Civil Society i
1 Freemasonry 15
2 The Latin Quarter 31
3 Commercial Politics 48
4 Jewish Republicanism 64
5 Liberal Protestantism 90
6 The Republic of Lawyers 115
7 The New Painting 139
8 Political Culture 190
9 The Middle-Class Interior 218
Conclusion: In Defense of the Republic 245
Notes 257
Acknowledgments 307
Index 309

Figures
1. Edouard Manet, Portrait of Clemenceau, 1879-80. Musée
d’Orsay, Paris 39
2. Edgar Degas, Rabbi Astruc and General Mellinet, c. 1871.
Private collection 86
3. Edouard Manet, Portrait of Théodore Dur et, 1868. Musées
de la Ville de Paris, copyright 1994 by SPADEM 131
4. Henri Fantin-Latour, Hommage à Delacroix, 1864. Musée
d’Orsay, Paris 144
5. Henri Fantin-Latour, A Studio in the Batignolles Quarter,
1870. Musée d’Orsay, Paris 145
6. Frédéric Bazille, Studio in the rue La Condamine, 1870.
Musée d’Orsay, Paris 146
7. Edgar Degas, Portrait of Emile Edmond Duranty, 1879. Art
Gallery and Museum, Glasgow, Scotland (Bridgeman/Art
Resource, New York) 147
8. Edouard Manet, Portrait of Emile Zola, 1868. Musée
d’Orsay, Paris 148
9. Frédéric Bazille, The Artist's Family on a Terrace near
Montpellier, 1868, retouched and dated 1869. Musée
d’Orsay, Paris 149
10. Auguste Renoir, Madame Charpentier and Her Children,
1878. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Wolfe Fund, 1907,
Catherine Lorillard Wolfe Collection, New York 150
FIGURES
11. Claude Monet, Rue Saint-Denis, Celebration of 30 June
1878, 1878. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen 151
12. Claude Monet, Rue Montorgueil, Celebration of 30 June
1878, 1878. Musée d’Orsay, Paris 152
13. Edouard Manet, Lady with Fans: Nina de Callias,
1873-74. Musée d’Orsay, Paris 153
14. Edouard Manet, Wive Vamnistie, 1880. Musée du Louvre,
Département des Arts Graphiques, fonds du Musée
d’Orsay, Paris 154
15. Paul Cézanne, The Artist's Father, 1866. Collection of Mr.
and Mrs. Paul Mellon, copyright 1994 by Board of
Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. 155
16. Jean-François Raffaëlli, Clemenceau Addressing His
Montmartre Constituents, 1885. Musée d’Orsay, Paris,
en dépôt au Musée de Versailles et des Trianons 156
17. Mary Cassatt, Moïse Dreyfus, 1879. Musées de la Ville de
Paris, copyright 1994 by SPADEM 157
18. Edouard Manet, Portrait of Henri Rochefort, 1881.
Kunsthalle, Hamburg 201
19. Jean-Baptiste Clésinger, The Republic, 1878. Photograph
courtesy Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris 203
20. Léopold and Charles Morice, The Republic, 1883.
Photograph courtesy Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris 206
21. Claude Monet, Madame Gaudibert, 1868. Musée d’Orsay,
Paris 225
22. Jules Dalou, La Brodeuse, 1870. Musées de la Ville de
Paris, copyright 1994 by SPADEM 227
23. Berthe Morisot, The Mother and Sister of the Artist,
1869-70. Chester Dale Collection, copyright 1994 by
Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art,
Washington, D.C. 228
24. Frédéric Bazille, Portrait of Renoir, 1867. Musée National
des Beaux-Arts, Algiers (Giraudon/Art Resource, New
York) 231
25. Edouard Manet, Reading, 1873-1875. Musée
d’Orsay, Paris 241