NT o v eh l P ee r spe R c t ive e s op n Through multiple points of resistance, The Repressed Expressed Ar fe r underscores how hard it is to build a community in any nation with icas ns no benefi cial qualities of hope and transparency. This informative ane The Repressed collection of essays highlights that wherever stability and order are d Bd la cE lacking, the universal appeal is to express that which is suppressed. k Dx Also, like a map or guidebook, The Repressed Expressed indicates ia Expressed sp p how people in such geographical prisons strive to transform their orr agitation into spiritual and political pathways, free of pain and ic Le its e hurt from, and anger towards a dirty and corrupted world. It thus, rs Novel Perspectives on African a te u underpins discord and brings to the fore the authority’s penchant red and Black Diasporic Literature for heaping abuse upon those caused to live in fear. In short, The Repressed Expressed is an impressive compilation of literary evidence E informing scholarship on opinions and beliefs relating to repression, d i its expression, and the immeasurable associated cost. ted Edited by b y B BILL F. NDI, is an Associate Professor of English and Foreign Languages i Bill F. Ndi l l at Tuskegee University. His research interests include Early Quakerism, F . N Adaku T. Ankuma internationalism, translation and translatology, literary theory and criticism, d i global cultural and media studies. , A Benjamin Hart Fishkin d a k ADAKU T. ANKUMAH is Professor and interim chair of the Department of u T Modern Languages, Communication and Philosophy at Tuskegee University. Her . A research focuses on women’s literature especially African and Diasporic women. n k u m BENJAMIN HART FISHKIN is an Associate Professor of English at Tuskegee a a n University. His interests include Anglophone Cameroon literature, problems of d B marriage and the American family, and the relationship between the Blues and e n the single-parent home. ja m i n H a r t F Langaa Research & Publishing is h Common Initiative Group k P.O. Box 902 Mankon in Bamenda North West Region Cameroon The Repressed Expressed: Novel Perspectives on African and Black Diasporic Literature Edited by Bill F. Ndi Adaku T. Ankuma Benjamin Hart Fishkin Langaa Research & Publishing CIG Mankon, Bamenda PPublisher: Langaa RPCIG Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative Group P.O. Box 902 Mankon Bamenda North West Region Cameroon [email protected] www.langaa-rpcig.net Distributed in and outside N. America by African Books Collective [email protected] www.africanbookscollective.com ISBN-10: 9956-764-62-0 ISBN-13: 978-9956-764-62-4 © Bill F. Ndi, Adaku T. Ankuma, Benjamin Hart Fishkin 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic, including photocopying and recording, or be stored in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher Dedication To all British Southern Cameroonians killed and or maimed on their territory as they express their resistance to oppression from La République du Cameroun. No drop of your blood will go in vain. Bill F. Ndi To all who are being persecuted in various parts of the world for daring to stand up for what they believe. Adaku T. Ankumah To the loving memory of Stanley Hochman; the best, kindest and most compassionate uncle, mentor and teacher a person can hope to find. Benjamin Hart Fishkin The Editors Bill F. Ndi, Associate Professor of English and Foreign Languages at Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA, earned his Doctorate from the University of Cergy-Pontoise in 2001. He is a poet, playwright, storyteller, literary critic, translator, historian of ideas and mentalities as well as an academic who has held teaching positions in several universities in Australia, France and elsewhere. His areas of teaching and research comprise among others English Languages and literatures, French, Professional, Technical and Creative Writing, World Literatures, Applied/Historical Linguistics, Literary History, Media and Communication Studies, Peace/Quaker Studies and Conflict Resolution, History of Internationalism, History of Ideas and Mentalities, Translation & Translatology, 17th Century and Contemporary Cultural Studies. He has published extensively in these areas. His publications include numerous scholarly works on Early Quakerism and translation of Early Quaker writings. He has also published poetry and plays in both the French and the English languages. Professor Bill F. Ndi has 18 published volumes of poetry of which 5 are in French, a play and 4 works in translation. He is co- editor of Outward Evil, Inward Battle: Human Memory in Literature with Adaku T. Ankumah, Benjamin Hart Fishkin, and Festus Fru Ndeh as well as co-editor of Fears, Doubts, and Joys of not Belonging with Adaku T. Ankumah and Benjamin Hart Fishkin. His most recent edited work is Secret, Silences, and Betrayals. Also, he has served as a National Endowment for the Humanities’ scholar. Adaku T. Ankumah, Interim Chair and Professor of English at Tuskegee University, received her PhD in Comparative Literature from the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a minor in drama. Her dissertation and initial research interests focused on revolutionary playwrights from the African Diaspora, such as Kenyan Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Martiniquais writer Aimé Césaire, and African American Amiri Baraka, who use their creative efforts to work for the destruction of what they consider to be the colonial/capitalist foundation of post-colonial Africa. Ngugi’s play The Trial of Dedan Kimathi, a play that examines the arrest and trial of one of the famous leaders of the Mau Mau revolt against the British in Kenya in the 1950’s, has been the subject of her published research. She has also done research on the role of women in revolutionary theatre, voicelessness of African women, and gender and politics in the works of African women authors like Mariama Bâ, Ama Ata Aidoo and Tsitsi Dangarembga. Professor Ankumah’s recent research interest includes the writings of women in the African diaspora. This includes research on memory in literature and its role in helping those dealing with painful, fragmented pasts forge a wholesome future in Edwidge Danticat’s The Dew Breaker. She has also examined memory and resistance in the poetry of South African performer and writer Gcina Mhlophe. She recently edited Nomenclatural Poetization and Globalization. Also, she co- edited, with Bill F. Ndi, Benjamin Hart Fishkin and Festus Fru Ndeh, Outward Evil Inward Battle: Human Memory in Literature, and with Bill F Ndi and Benjamin Hart Fiskin: Fears, Doubts, and Joys of not Belonging. Benjamin Hart Fishkin, Associate Professor of English at Tuskegee University specializes in teaching Nineteenth Century British Literature. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Alabama where he served as a Junior Fellow in The Blount Undergraduate Initiative. In his research, he has emphasized Nineteenth Century British Literature through each phase of his education. Prior to earning his Doctorate from the University of Alabama in May of 2009, he obtained a BA in English and Film from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and an MA from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio where he examined the interest of Charles Dickens in the theatre and how the stage influenced his novel writing. He has published The Undependable Bonds of Blood: The Unanticipated Problems of Parenthood in the Novels of Henry James. He co-edited Outward Evil Inward Battle: Human Memory in Literature with Adaku T. Ankumah, Bill F. Ndi, and Festus Fru Ndeh, and Fears, Doubts and Joys of not Belonging with Adaku T. Ankumah and Bill F. Ndi. His recent research interests include, besides his growing interest in Anglophone Cameroon literature, the problems of marriage and the American family, and the relationship between the Blues and the single-parent home in the works of William Faulkner, August Wilson, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Authors Adaku T. Ankumah is Professor of English at Tuskegee University and chairs the Department of Modern Languages, Communication and Philosophy. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her areas of interest include women’s literature (with a focus on African and Diaspora women) and the short story genre. Antonio J. Jimenez-Munoz is lecturer at the University of Oviedo, Spain. His research takes on the influence of Romantic literature and culture upon the present. His main line of research deals with the influence of Romantic legacies in modern poetry and art and particularly the material continuity of Romantic modes of expression in contemporary art-forms. His fields of interest are Literary Criticism, Theory, and World Poetry. Before his current position, he was a Teaching Fellow at the universities of Kent at Canterbury-UK (2001-2004) and Hull-UK (2004-2006), after graduating in English Studies at the University of Cordoba (Spain) in 2001. Benjamin Hart Fishkin is an Associate Professor of English at Tuskegee University, where he specializes in teaching Nineteenth Century British Literature. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Alabama where he served as a Junior Fellow in The Blount Undergraduate Initiative. Bill F. Ndi, teaches at Tuskegee University. He has numerous scholarly publications on Early Quakerism and translation of Early Quaker writings. He has also published extensively in both the French and the English languages. These publications include scholarly articles and book chapters, poetry, and plays. Professor Bill F. Ndi has 18 volumes of poetry of which 5 are in French, a play and 4 works in translation. Emmanuel Fru Doh holds a Ph.D. from the University of Ibadan and has taught in colleges and universities in Cameroon and the United States since 1990. Poet, novelist, social and literary critic, his research interests, with a remarkable interdisciplinary approach, include Africa’s literatures, cultures, and politics; the African diaspora; and colonial and postcolonial literatures. Besides fictional and poetic works, Doh has published numerous substantial scholarly works, including Africa’s political Wasteland: The Bastardization of Cameroon, and Stereotyping Africa: Surprising Answers to Surprising Questions, Anglophone-Cameroon Literature: An Introduction, The Obasinjom Warrior: The Life and Works of Bate Besong. Also worthy of mention is a significant book chapter in Fears, Doubts, and Joys of not Belonging: “Bill F. Ndi’s Social Angst and Humanist Vision: Politics Alienation and the Quest for Freedom in K’cracy, Trees in the Storm and Other Poems”. He is currently teaching in the Department of English at Century College in Minnesota. Rhonda Collier is an Associate Professor of English at Tuskegee University, where she also serves as the Interim Director of the TU Global Office. She is a Fulbright Scholar, who studied at the Universidad de São Paulo in Brazil. She received her Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TN. She also holds a B.S. and a Master’s degree in Industrial Engineering from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Georgia Tech respectively. She has published in the areas of Afro-Brazilian, Afro- Cuban, African-American, and global hip hop studies. At Tuskegee, she focuses on American literature and composition courses with an emphasis on service-learning. Her work “Mothering Cuba: The Poetics of Afro-Cuban Women” appears in Another Black Like Me: The Construction of Identities and Solidarity in the African Diaspora (Cambridge Scholar Press, 2015). Her upcoming work will focus on Afro-German hip hop. She discusses art as a space of forgiveness and reconciliation. She is passionate about education abroad and cross- cultural student engagement. Richard Evans is assistant professor of English at Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama. Educated in classics at the University of South Carolina, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and Columbia University, Dr. Evans holds a Ph.D. in comparative literature with research interests in ancient and medieval literatures, theories of translation and linguistic relativity. He has published numerous academic book reviews, essays promoting the study of Classical Greek in schools, and articles on Greek and Roman authors in the Dictionary of Literary Biography and articles on various topics in classical literature. Yosimbom Hassan Mbiydzenyuy holds a PhD in Literature from the University of Yaoundé 1 Cameroon. Currently, he teaches in the Department of English, University of Buea, Cameroon. His PhD thesis explores “Identity Dynamics in Cameroon Literature”. His current research interests and projects focus on the links between Postcolonial and Postmodern theories, and how their interplay shapes and nurtures multiple-layered identity formation and performance in postcolonial societies, especially Cameroon. Also, he is keen on researching Latin American epistemological foundations such as Transmodernity, Coloniality, Decoloniality, Pluriversality, etc. and how they could be used to de-/re-construct postcolonial African societies.