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THE REMINISCENCES OF CARL SCHURZ VOLUME THREE 1863-1869 WITH A SKETCH OF HIS LIFE AND PUBLIC SERVICES FROM 1869 TO 1906 BY FREDERIC BANCROFT AND WILLIAM A. DUNNING ILLUSTRATED WITH PORTRAITS AND VIEWS NEW YORK THE McCLURE COMPANY MCMVIII Copyright, 1908, by The McClure Company Copyright, 1908, by Carl L. Schurz CopjTight, 1907, 1908, by The S. S. McCIure Company — PREFACE In 1904, when Mr. Schurz was nearing the end of the second volume, and was hoping to finish the first draft of the third volume iir a year or two, he consented to the serial publication of parts of what he had written* The selection, special alteration and proof-reading of these rapidly ap- pearing parts, and also the preparation of the first volume for the press these and many incidental matters claimed the right of way and much impeded his progress with the third volume. When his work was abruptly terminated he had reached only the first problems of Grant's administration and had barely passed the threshold of his important services in"the Senate. His manuscript is printed as he left it. Had he lived to completeJbis third volume, in which he hoped to reach at least the end of Hayes' administration, it would doubtless have been revised and condensed. It was a serious question to decide how to fill out the third volume and how to treat the remainder of Mr. Schurz's career. Various projects were carefully considered. All except the one that has been followed, were found to be impracticable because they either did not suit present requirements or would interfere with probable later publications that ought to be kept distinct from the Reminiscences. Fortunately Mr. Schurz had preserved a practically complete set of his speeches and important public writings during all the later period, which are comprehensive, interesting and valuable, historically. He had also preserved a correspondence of many thousands of letters on matters of public interest. It was accordingly de- cided that it would be most in harmony with the Reminiscences and most welcome to the readers who have followed Mr. Schurz's narrative, if this vast material should be carefully examined with a view to making a sum- mary sketch of the leading features of his political career after 1869- PREFACE Mr. Frederic Bancroft, for many years a valued friend of Mr. Schurz, seemed peculiarly fitted for this task and could happily be prevailed upon to undertake it. He was so fortunate as to be able to associate with him- self Professor William A. Dunning of Columbia University, an authority on that period of history. The results of their collaboration are presented in a later part of this volume. AGATHE SCHURZ, MARIANNE SCHURZ, CARL L. SCHURZ. New York, October, 1908 — TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I Gettysburg 3 II Chattanooga 55 III The Political Campaign of 1864 98 IV The Close of the War 108 V The Situation after the War 140 VI The South 150 VII 1865-1869 210 — VIII A Journey to Europe Meeting with Bismarck 263 . . . IX The Presidential Election of 1868 The Senate 381 . . . X 1869-1870 302 SKETCH OF CARL SCHURZ's POLITICAL CAREER^ 1869-1906 Prefatory Note 313 I The Rising Senator 315 , . II The Liberal Republican 338 III The Senatorial Free Lance 354 IV The Secretary of the Interior 377 . , V Journalism, Cleveland's First Administration, Literature AND Business 400 VI Editor of "Harper's Weekly/' Political Sage' 418 . . . VII Anti-Imperialism and the End 436 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE Cahl Schukz in 1871 Frontispiece St. Joseph's College at Emmitsburg, Maryland 4 The Town of Gettysburg 8 General George G. Meade 20 General Wineield S. Hancock 20 Captain Fritz Tiedemann 30 General Schimmelfennig "^—34 The Battlefield of Gettysburg 38 Major-General Carl Schurz 50 Colonel Friedrich Hecker 64 General U. S. Grant 76 General William Tecumseh Sherman 128 Jefferson Davis 140 General Otho C. Ord 144 Jacob Thompson 148 Clement C. Clay 148 President Johnson 158 Major-General O. O. Howard 178 Senator William Lewis Sharkey 188 Major-General E. R. S. Canby 188 Major-General H. W. Slocum 200 Thaddeus Stevens 214 Senator John Sherman 220 Senator William Pitt Fessenden 220 Senator Lyman Trumbull 224 Wendell Phillips 228 [ix] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE Senator John Potter Stockton 232 Senator Preston King 238 Senator Zachariah Chandler 244 Dr. Emil Preetorius 256 Prince Otto von Bismarck 264 Kaiser Wilhelm I 270 Emperor Napoleon III 276 Schuyler Colfax 284 Francis Preston Blair 284 Senator John B. Henderson 292 Senator Charles D. Drake 296 Alexander T. Stewart 304 President Grant 308 Carl Schurz in 1879 318 Charles Sumner 326 Samuel Bowles 332 Charles Francis Adams 344 Horace Greeley 352 James G. Blaine 366 President Hayes 374 President Garfield 396 Thomas F. Bayard 406 President Cleveland 414 President McKinley 438 Bas-Relief of Carl Schurz 452 1^1 THE REMINISCENCES OF CARL SCHURZ