The Religious Crisis of the 1960s PDF
Preview The Religious Crisis of the 1960s
THE RELIGIOUS CRISIS OF THE 1960 This page intentionally left blank The Religious Crisis of the 1960s HUGH MLEOD 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford26 OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork ©HughMcLeod2007 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2007 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,Norfolk ISBN 978–0–19–929825–9 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Acknowledgements Thisbookbeganasthe2004VonhoffLecturesattheUniversityofGroningen. I would like to thank all those whose attendance at the lectures, participa- tion in discussion, and provision of generous hospitality helped to make it suchanenjoyableexperienceforme.Inparticular,IwouldliketothankMr HenkVonhoff,whoasQueen’sCommissionerintheProvinceofGroningen was instrumental in the establishment of the lectures and after whom they are named; Jan Bremmer and Arië Molendijk, who as, respectively, Dean of the Faculty of Theology and Professor of Church History, were principally responsibleforinvitingmeandfororganizingthelectures;andMathildevan Dijk,whointroducedmetotheprovinceofGroningen. TherearethreeotherindividualsorgroupsofpeopleIwouldlikeespecially tothank.First,Iwanttoacknowledgetheinspirationandstimulusprovided by Callum Brown: we have often reached different conclusions, but without the stimulus derived from Callum’s books and from conversations with him it is quite possible that the book would never have been written. Second, I have been greatly helped by Jeff Cox, Moira Harnett, and Mike Snape, who read and commented on drafts. Third, I have been very fortunate in having had an outstanding set of colleagues, past and present, at the University of Birmingham,mostofthemintheDepartmentsofModernHistoryorTheol- ogyandReligion,butsomefromotherdepartmentstoo,whohavediscussed the book with me or lent me their own books. They include, as well as MikeSnape,alreadymentioned,MikeButler,AndrewChandler,HeraCook, CliveField,IanJones,GordonLynch,PeterMarsh,StephenPattison,Werner Ustorf,MarkusVinzent,SarahWilliams,andallthemembersoftheHistory ofReligionSeminar. Ialsoowealottothemanyotherfriendsandcolleagueswhohavediscussed thebookwithmeorsentcopiesofunpublishedpapers.HereIwouldspecially liketomentionDanielAlvunger,AshleyRogersBerner,JimBjork,SteveBruce, Hilary Carey, Wilhelm Damberg, Grace Davie, Janet Eccles, Stefan Gelfgren, Friedrich Wilhelm Graf, Angela Hager, Paul Heelas, Mary Heimann, David Hempton, David Hilliard, Gerd-Rainer Horn, Anders Jarlert, Aila Lauha, HartmutLehmann,BeatriceMartin,DavidMartin,JimObelkevich,Thomas Schmidt-Lux, Erik Sidenvall, Jo Spaans, Pamela Taylor, Peter van Rooden, GrahamWillett,LindaWoodhead,BenjaminZiemann.Sectionsofthebook have been presented as papers at the universities of Birmingham, Boston, vi Acknowledgements Chichester, Lancaster, Leipzig, Paris, and Umeå, at the Church of England RecordSociety,attheArbeitskreisfürSozialgeschichteinBochum,atconfer- ences held at the Evangelische Akademie in Tutzing and at the Katholische Akademie in Weingarten, at a workshop held by the Lund-based ‘Religion and Masculinity’ project, at a conference in Wuhan University and at the InternationalHistoricalCongressinOslo(2000)andSydney(2005).Iwould liketothankallthosewhomadehelpfulcommentsontheseoccasions. IwouldliketothankDavidLodgeforpermissiontoquotefromhisnovel, HowFarCanYouGo?andforthepleasureIgotfromrereadinghisnovelswhile working on this book. I would also like to thank Robert Perks, Director of theNationalSoundArchive,forpermissiontoquotefromtranscriptsoforal history interviews in the archive; Elizabeth Roberts for permission to quote fromtranscriptsofinterviewsbyherselfandLucindaBeierattheCentrefor North-West Regional Studies; Paul Heelas, Linda Woodhead, and Benjamin Seelforallowingmetoconsultandquotefrominterviewsconductedaspartof theKendalproject;theMistressandFellows,GirtonCollege,Cambridge,for permissiontorefertoinformationcontainedinthe‘UniversityandLifeExpe- rience’questionnaires,andKatePerryandPatThanefortellingmeaboutthe projectandassistingmeintheuseandinterpretationofthequestionnaires. Contents ListofTables viii Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 1. TheDeclineofChristendom 6 2. LateChristendom 31 3. TheEarly1960s 60 4. Aggiornamento 83 5. Affluence 102 6. NewWorlds 124 7. 1968 141 8. Sex,Gender,andtheFamily 161 9. TheCrisisoftheChurch 188 10. From‘ChristianCountry’to‘CivilizedSociety’ 215 11. TheEndofChristendom? 240 Conclusion 257 Bibliography 266 Index 283 List of Tables 1.ChurchofEnglandEastercommunicants,1934–1973 39 2.ChurchofEnglandconfirmations,1934–1974 40 3.ChurchofEnglandSundaySchoolenrolments,1934–1960 63 4.ChurchofEnglandinfantbaptisms,1934–1973 63 5.ChurchofEnglandelectoralrolls,1934–1964 65 6.MembershipofNonconformistchurchesinEngland,1934–1970 66 Abbreviations ALRA AbortionLawReformAssociation BBC BritishBroadcastingCorporation BC ‘BirthControl’,transcriptsofinterviews,NationalSoundArchive,British Library FSMA ‘Families, Social Mobility and Ageing, a Multi-Generational Approach’, NationalSoundArchive,BritishLibrary IVF Inter-VarsityFellowship MP MemberofParliament MPNSA Millennium Project, recordings held at National Sound Archive, British Library SCM StudentChristianMovement SFL ‘Social and Family Life 1940–1970’, Oral History Archive, Centre for North-WestRegionalStudies,UniversityofLancaster SGR ‘1968:AStudentGenerationinRevolt’,transcriptsofinterviews,National SoundArchive,BritishLibrary SNCC StudentNon-ViolentCoordinatingCommittee WSCF WorldStudentChristianFederation YMCA YoungMen’sChristianAssociation YWCA YoungWomen’sChristianAssociation
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