the religion of c hiropractic This page intentionally left blank t h e R e l i g i o n o f C h i R o p R a C t i C p o p u l i st h e a l i n g f r o m t h e a m e r i c a n h e a rt l a n d holly Folk THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS CHAPEL HILL This book was published with the assistance of the Lilian R. Furst Fund of the University of North Carolina Press. © 2017 the university of north carolina press All rights reserved. Designed by Sally Fry Scruggs and set in Utopia and Novecento by codeMantra. Manufactured in the United States of America. The University of North Carolina Press has been a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003. Cover illustration: diagram of the Cerebro-Spinal System of Nerves from H. Newell Martin, The Human Body: A Text-book of Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1900), 233. This image was reprinted in many nineteenth-century popular health books; D. D. Palmer included it in The Chiropractor’s Adjuster (1910). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Folk, Holly, author. Title: The religion of chiropractic : populist healing from the American heartland / Holly Folk. Description: Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016033872 | Isbn 9781469632780 (cloth: alk. paper) | isbn 9781469632797 (pbk : alk. paper) | isbn 9781469632803 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Chiropractic—United States—History. | Medicine—United States—Religious aspects. | Palmer, D. D. (Daniel David), 1845–1913. | Palmer, B. J. (Bartlett Joshua), 1881– | Chiropractic—Study and teaching—United States—History. | Palmer College of Chiropractic. Classification: LCC RZ225.U6 F65 2017 | DDC 615.5/340973—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016033872 for ben and h elen folk, and andrew and e mma tyukody This page intentionally left blank contents Acknowledgments, xi Introduction, 1 one The First Adjustment, 14 two A Magnetic Healer in Iowa, 53 three From Vital Magnetism to Vertebral Vitalism, 85 four On the Frontier of the New Profession, 109 five Chiropractors on Parade, 147 six History Repeats, 191 seven The World of Chiropractic, 253 Notes, 279 Bibliography, 305 Index, 341 This page intentionally left blank figures Daniel David (D. D.) Palmer, ca. 1905, 55 Harvey Lillard, the first Chiropractic patient, 77 Henry Hall Sherwood’s 1841 spinal chart, 88 B. J. Palmer, 110 Mabel Heath Palmer, 112 D. D. Palmer—the “Chiropractic Fountain-Head,” 128 Palmer School of Chiropractic, Davenport, Iowa, ca. 1912, 149 1918 Meric spinal chart, 177 The Palmer Mansion, 182 The Palmer Printery, ca. 1930s, 185 “Progress/Power over Death,” ca. 1912, 195 Lyceum parade, ca. 1921, 198 Little Bit O’Heaven garden, 204 The Neurocalometer, 207 David Daniel Palmer, 227 “Builders of America” testimonial, 236