The relation of selected factors to the physical fitness of Indiana secondary school pupils as measured by the Indiana Physical Test

164 Pages·09.639 MB·English

by  Stafford, Frank S

m i munoM of selected facyobs w the physical
FITNESS Of INDIANA SKC0MM8X SCBUGL 2W2IS
m immBm by the momm
mmiGkh FITNESS TEST
BY
FBAM &tmmt Btmam
Submitted to partial fulfillment of th® requirements
for the degree of Doctor of Fi^sicaX Education
in the School of Health, Physical
Education, and Recreation,
Indiana University,
dun®, 1950
ProQuest Number: 10295211
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P.O. Box 1346
Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346
Accepted by tlie faculty of the School of Health,
Physical Education, and Recreation of Indiana
University as fulfilling the thesis requirements
for the degree of Doctor of Physical Education.
lErector of Thesis
Boetorate Conmttee*
},iiH
AGi^IEDOMIT
The writer wishes to express his appreciation of the assistance
given by the teachers, principals, and superintendents of the Indiana
schools that participated in the Indiana Physical Fitness testing
program. These teachers and administrators gavo tests and in other
nays co-operated in securing the data needed for the study. The writer
is very appreciative 4f the assistance of various staff members of the
Indiana Division of <dfalth and Physical Education for the assistance
■which they gave in ta’tv "ting and sorting the data. The writer is
especially grateful to Piss Esther Zaphiriou for her assistance in
developing a code for recording the data, in receiving and sorting
of test results and questionnaire forms, for her detailed and pains­
taking assistance in the final tabulation of data. The writer is also
grateful to the Indiana State Department of Public Instruction for
permission to include the study in the Statewide testing program,
and to the State Board of health for the assistance and advice rendered
by various staff members. And finally the writer wishes to express
appreciation to Ifs. Frank Stafford for her patience, encouragement,
co-operation and the contribution of much time and effort which mad©
t;is study possible.
«iii»
tmm or mssNfs
Chapter Beg®
X* jm m m s v M . . # * * * . . ........ * . . ♦ x
Fnipo®© of tk® Stuc^r » # * # » • » * » » • * • * • • « * 2
Delimitation of Sta<fcr*.......... * . « . 2
Need for tk® St-us^r * ♦ * • • * - • # # * * * * * • # * • • 3
k
XX- * FKSTOMS STUDIES#........ * ......................
Ewsmvp ............... . « . . 11
III. SSUOfXOtf AID APPLICATION OF 1MDXAMA flBXSAL FXTlfflS
fjffif AID 0USS3F1W* * » ......... 13
A Definition ■©£ Fltneas. • • • • » • * • • • • * 19
Sussa&rsr « . » < * • i • * . . ........ * « * 29
X?* SBXBoraai of moBmm wms&m m u m ) to aasxesAl fitness
aid the mmosi of mm# * * * * * * ......... 31
Sueismrj • * # * # * # # * * * * # • • * * # ; * . * * * # * -JS
■Y# the assssmks of tus m u m m -0 XStS » o m FA&QK&w # 39
AduLlBietratiTO Factor®*....... * * .......... U2
Frogim Factors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * h9
Teacher Factor® # * * * * # * * * * # * ■ * * * # * * • # # 63
Pupil Factor® • « * 1 . # « • « ............ . . . . . ?0
Enviromucntal Factor® • « » • * • * • * * ....... * . • 62
Sxmmry ........ 05
YI. GOSRBLATXSOH OF SELECTED FACTORS WITH PUPIL SCOPES * ; . * 90
Summary # • » • • • • * .................. . . . . . . 9k
YU. CAUSAL ANALYSIS BY C10SS TABULATION . . . * ....... * 96
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... Ilk
¥XII* SUMMARY AID CONCLUSIONS 118
APMMBIX 12S
LIST CF TABLES
Table Page
I. ELEMENTS MENTIONED IN PHYSICAL FITJffiSS DEFINITIONS......... 1?
XX. NUMBER OF TIMES TEST ITEMS WERE LISTED IB SELECTED
REFERENCES. ..........................................23
III. A TABLE FOR COMPUTING CLASSIFICATION INDEX I (20A + 6h) FOR
BOYS. .................................. 2k
IV. HEIGHT-WEIGHT CLASS DIVISIONS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL GIRLS . . 26
V. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE IENGTH CF THE SCHOOL TERM TO PHYSICAL
FITNESS TEST SCORES .................................. 1*1*
VI. THE RELATIONSHIP OF CLASS SIZE TO PUPIL TEST SCORES . . . . 1*5
VH. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE NUMBER OF CLASSES TEACHERS MEET PER
DAY TO PUPIL TEST SCORES. ........ . . . . 1*7
VIII. THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEACHER LOAD (PHYSICAL EDUCATION PUPILS
PER DAY) TO PUPIL SCORES....................... 1*8
IX. THE RELATIONSHIP CF THE TBIE OF DAY CLASSES WET TO PUPIL
SCORES AS SHOWN BY RANK ORDER CF MEANS.......... 50
X. THE RELATION OF THE NUMBER OF DAYS CLASSES WET PER WEEK TO
PUPIL SCORES AS SHOWN BY RANK CEDED CF MEANS...............52
XI. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE NUMBER OF DAYS PER WEEK CLASSES
WET TO PUPIL SCOHES AS SHOW BY CRITICAL RATIOS...........52
XII. THE KEIATIC8SHIP CF LENGTH OF CLASS PERIOD TO PUPIL SCORES. 51*
XIII. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ISR CENT OF TIME ALLOTTED FOR REMEDIAL
ACTIVITIES TO PUPIL SCORES......................... 55
XIV. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PER CENT OF TBffi ALLOTTED FOR
RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES TO PUPIL SCORES.............. 56
XV. RELATIONSHIP OF THE PER CENT OF TITE ALLOTTED FOR SEIF TEST­
ING ACTIVITIES TO PUPIL TEST SCORES .............57
XVI. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE IER CENT CF TIME ALLOTTED FOR CONDI­
TIONING ACTIVITIES TO PUPIL SCORES........................58
XVII. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PER CMT OF THE ALLOTTED FOR
HYGIENIC ACTIVITIES TO PUPIL SCORES .................... 59
table Rage
xntxx* tbs relationship op tut ms. mait cp to* uuo/mo fob cro-
m m m t m
to pupil scoms................... co
XIX. THE RKLAfMSSIP OP XHS ran CBSBT OP TBffi ALLOTTED FOR
ATHLETIC AM) JtKffiEAKOML OAKES TO PUPILS OUSES . . . . . 61
XX. tag RELATIONSHIP CP SHE PS® GBit OP TfflE ALcoma Fat
PHYSICAL EBUCAtlC® AiSIHiatttAflCHT O PUPIL SCORES . . . . 62
XXI. THE RELATICH3KIP CF THE .TIME ALLOWS® TOR AQUATICS TO
hjpil sans. ........ . . 63
XXII. TBS KELATIOH OP mCffiffl ESTIMATE HP PUPIL ABILITY AS
mmmna mx
shown by e m m so pupil scores using
ORDER CF BKANS. ......................... 6b
XXIII. Tins RELATIONSHIP CP TEACHER ESTIVATB OP PUPIL ABILITY AS
SHOW BY ESTIMATED GKA3ES TO PUPIL SCORES USING CRITICAL
RATIOS. . 65
XXI?. THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIFFERENT TYPES CF TEACHER EDUCATION
COLLEGES TO PUPIL SCORES USIHO RANK OHS® OF SMBS. ... 6?
XX?. THE RELATIONSHIP CF IHWERfilf TYPES CF TSACiffiE HWCATXCU
(XUSHSS TO PUPIL SCORES AS SB08R BY CRITICAL RATIOS. . . 63
XXfX* • THE RELATION CF Ti* PHYSICAL saSCATXON TEACHER CSKTIFIC&-
TIC® IB A SECOND SUBJECT TO PUPIL SCORES. . . . . . . . . 70
at umamm
xxm. the relationship physical bducatio* tsachisg
TO PUPIL SCGIUS5 ................ 71
XXVIII. THE RSLATI08SHIP OF TOTAL mCiHNO iSXPEEIINCE TO PUPIL
SCOIilffl, . ........ 72
XXIX. Tiffi RELATIONSHIP OF 8B6ESCY CF SCHOOLING CF TEACHERS TO
PUPIL SCORES. . . . . . ................ . 73
XXX. THE RELATIONSHIP CF THE TYPE CF PHYSICAL EDUCATION LICENSE
HELD BY TEACHER TO PUPIL SCORES ......... 75
XXXI. THE RBUTICMH1P OF 0088(3 CF TEACHER TO HJPIL SCORES. . 76
mil. THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEACHER SALARY TO PUPIL SCORES. ... 77
XXXIII. THE RELATIONSHIP OF ACE CF TBACIC* TO PUPIL SCORES. ... 78
XXXI?. THE RELATIONSHIP CF PUPIL GRACE LEVEL TO PUPIL SCORES AS
SHOWS BY RANK ORHER CF BEAKS..................... 79
wvi**
Table
XIXV. THE RELATIONSHIP OF PUPIL GRADE LEVEL TO PUPIL SCORES AS
SH01H BY CRITICAL RATIOS.............................. 80
XXXVI. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SEMESTER OF TESTING TO PUPIL SCORES 82
XXXVII. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SIZE OF SCHOOLS BX ENROLLMENT TO
PUPIL SCORES* . . . ................................ 81
mVTO. THE RELATIONSHIP OF GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION IN THE STATE TO
' HJPIL SCORES........... . ............................ 85
XXXIX. THE BEST PERCENTAGES OF TIME ALLOTMENT FOR SPECIFIC PHYSICAL
EDUCATION ACTIVITIES BY SEXES......................... 88
XL. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUPIL TEST SCORES AND SEVEN SELECTED
FACTORS......... 9k
XLI. THE COMPARISON OF TEACHER AGE AND TEACHER SALARY USING MEAN
TEST SCORES OF PUPILS .......... 99
XLII. A. .COMPARISON OF TEACHER AGE AMD PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHING
EXPERIENCE USING MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPILS................100
XLHX. A COMPARISON OF TEACHER AGE AND TOTAL TEACHING EXPERIENCE
USING MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPILS................... 101
XLIV. A COMPARISON OF TEACHER AGE AND TEACHER DEGREES USING MEAN
TEST SCORES CF PUPIIS.................................. 102
XLV. A COMPARISON OF TEACHER SALARY AMD SIZE OF SCHOOLS USING THE
MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPILS. ......... 103
XLVI. A COMPARISON OF TEACHER SALARY AND TEACHER DEGREES USING
MEAN TEST SCORES OF FGPIIS.............. 10k
XLVII. A COMPARISON OF TEACHER SALARY AMD LICENSE GF TEACHER USING
MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPILS....................... 105
XLVHI. A COMPARISON OF THE DEGREE OF TEACHER AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
EXPERIENCE USING MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPILS ..........106
XLIX. A COMPARISON OF TEACHER LICENSE HELD A I© PHYSICAL EDUCATION
EXPERIENCE USING MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPILS...............107
L. A COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXPERIENCE WITH TOTAL
TEACHING EXPERIENCE USING MEAN TEST SCORESO F PUPIIS. ... 108
LI. A COMPARISON OF TEACHER LOAD AND THE SIZE CF SCHOOL USING
MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPIIS...............................110
"vii"
Table Page
LXX. A COMPARISON OF LENGTH OF CLASS PERIOD AND TEACHER LOAD
USING MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPILS* .......... Ill
LIU. A COMPARISON OF TEACHER LOAD AMD CLASSES PER DAI USING THE
MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPILS..................... .. 112
LIV. A COMPARISON OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES AND SEIF TESTING
ACTIVITIES USING THE MEAN TEST SCORES OF PUPIIS........... 113
LV. A COMPARISON OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES AND TIME A L M » f
FOR ATHIETIC AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES USING MEAN TEST
SCORES OF PUPILS.............................. 1Uj.
1
cK&pm i
IimtODUOTIOM
'Sxere have been many investigations dealing with the influence
of various factors* such as time allotment, teacher training* teacher
salaries* class size* number of classes* facilities and equipment*
and others* upon the learning of pupils in various academic subjects*
In physical education* however* very little of this type of measurement
has been attempted*
The Indiana Physical witness Program as developed in the
seeondaay schools offered an opportunity to test pupils and to study
the influence of such factors on the test scores of high school boys
and girls,
Laporte3- lists sofie of these as items that should be considered
in developing or evaluating I a program in a school* After study of such
listings it would seem that certain attodni strative factors may affect
the program and its results. Some of these are teachers salaries, time
allotment* facilities* and length of class periods.
As Indiana State Director of Health and Physical Education the
investigator noted that there were differences in these factors which
might influence school physical education programs* However, after
visting a large number of schools, it became apparent that* in general*
the pattern of the different schools of Indiana was quite similar*
probably because of the State wide accreditation system of the State
Department of Public Instruction,
1
Laporte, T<m* Ralph, 'Hie Physical Education Curriculum • p» 61,
(A nine year study of the College Physical Education Association.) The
Gaalon Printing Company* Eos Angeles 1937,