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THE REINSTATEMENT OF BEAUTEMPSIA (CAPPARACEAE) AND A KEY TO THE GENERA OF NEOTROPICAL CAPPARACEAE WITH VARIOUSLY STELLATE OR PELTATE INDUMENTA PDF

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AND A THE REINSTATEMENT OF BEAUTEMPSIA (CAPPARACEAE) WITH KEY TO THE GENERA OF NEOTROPICAL CAPPARACEAE OR INDUMENTA VARIOUSLY STELLATE PELTATE Hugh XavierCornejo H. litis New Department of Botany Garden Botanical York and Avenue of Wisconsin Kazimiroff University th St. New USA. 430 Lincoln York 10458-5126, Drive, x, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT new name on was proposed by Gaudichaud generic with a single species based Beautempsia (1842) as a very Kunth Capparaceae, the species of neotropical restricted to Capparis (1821), a distinctive avicenniifolia dry woodlands and thorn scrub of western Ecuador and deserts in Peru. Hindered by health (Johnston ill name without Gaudichaud was only publish 56 with the Beautempsia avicenniaefolia, text. 1944), able to plate and and group Gaudichaud's plate 56 consists of a leafy branch bearing inflorescences a fruit, a detailed Gaudich. of separate figures, without captions or descriptions (Fig. Therefore, Beautempsia (1842) is all 1). ICBN not valid because Art. 41.2 of the (McNeill et 2006) states, a description or diagnosis is required al. for valid publication of a genus. Subsequently, Bentham and Hooker (1862: 109) formally established Beautempsia as a section of f. and without any type with "Gaud. Voy. Bonite, 56," citation of Capparis, a short latin description, citing t. name and must be accordance with That the legitimate that has priority followed in Arts. species. earliest is ICBN 41.2, 45.1, 45.3 of (McNeill et 2006). Three years later Eichler, in Marthas' Flora Brasiliensis (1865: al. & Hook Voy Bentham with "Gaud. Bonite 56," raised Capparis subg. Beautempsia, citing 267, 269), it to f., t. The and by Capparis respective captions Latin diagnosis, only represented a single species, avicenniifolia. a Gaudichaud's Gaudichaud's 56 were published in French 14 years after the publication of Atlas, plate for and Bentham and Hooker establishment of Capparis 12 years Gaudichaud's death, after the sect. after f. That work (Gaudichaud 1866) was accomplished with the collaboration of Charles D'Alleizette, Beautempsia. name who and provided explications and descriptions for the plates, validating the generic the respective new (Gaudichaud Although Gaudichaud 1866) did not the basionyms, Art. combination 1842). (1842, cite ICBN them 33.3 of the support as valid taxa those published before Jan 1953. taxonomy and genus Hutchinson 307) attempted realign the of the Capparis, correctly re- (1967: to Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(2) Beautempsia (Kunth) Plate 56 reproduced from Gaudichaud's Atlas 842). 1 Branch. 2. Flower. 3. Androphore and stamens, Fig. 1 avicenniifolia Alleiz. (1 . . view. 6. Pollen grains. 7-9. Anthers, dorsal, ventral and lateral views. 10. Cross section of anther. 11 Ovules. 12. al . young aniens. 14. Ovules. 15. Longitudinal section of ovary. 16. Cross section of fruit. 17. Longitudinal section of embryo. 18. Seed. 19. Embryo. 20. Longitudinal section of fruit. 21. Longitudinal section of fruit. 685 Cornejo and Reinstatement of Beautempsia litis, genus garded Beautempsia as a valid genus. In this paper, Beautempsia is again recognized as a neotropical Capparaceae. of & Beautempsia (Benth. Hook, Gaudich. Voy. Bonite, Bot. 4:38. 1866. Capparis avicennufolia Kunth. Basionym: Typus: f.) , nom. 13(1):276. 1865. Beautempsia Gaudich., Voy. Bonite, Bot. 3 (Atlas), pi. 56. 1842, inval. Bras. Fl. Unarmed shrubs or small with trichomes throughout. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, with trees, stellate pulvinus and Inflorescences terminal short racemes; flowers of similar length, lacking a stipules. petioles zygomorphic, the bracts soon deciduous, the flowerbuds globose-obovate just linear-bracteate, pedicellate, Calyx with open gamosepalous, hemisphaerical-cyathiform, tetralobulate preceding anthesis. aestivation, Hypanthium Nectary mostly fused tetracrenate or subtruncate. present. scales deltoid, free, to slightly 4, Stamens the base, rounded the apex. Corolla spirally twisted (torsivus), petals unguiculate, sessile. at 4, at with 16 the outer provided with short staminal nectaries at base of filaments, the inner glandular to 18, and tissue at base of filaments, all perfectly articulated with each other at the base, forming a nectariferous common pseudotorus supported by androphore. At anthesis the stamens project dish-shaped a digitate Ovary outward and arch upward, with the gynophore abaxially strongly off-center. 2-locular. Fruits small rounded pepos (l-)2-4 x 1-2 cm, containing a sticky orange pulp (in vivo); seeds cochlate-reniform, to brown by with bean-shaped, slightly flattened laterally, the testa light (in vivo), a sarcotesta infiltrated hairs, embryo the cotyledons convolute, the white. name which means and Etymology.—The generic formed by the French adjective beau, beautiful, the is Gaudichaud noun which means That weather impressed French temps, weather. refers to the beautiful that where he found Peru genus. during his the coast of this visit to by gamosepalous hemisphaerical-cyathiform calyces Beautempsia characterized trichomes, stellate is with very short highly reduced lobes, presence of staminal nectaries articulated to the base of the fila- to and pepo forming dish-shaped pseudotorus, ments, nectariferous digitate fruits. a Due zygomorphic with gynophores, unguiculate the presence of relatively small flowers off center to by resembles Atamisquea hypanthium, and seeds with white embryo, covered a sarcotesta, Beautempsia petals, & another bee-pollinated and xerophytic specialized monotypic genus (Cornejo 2008). But the Miers, litis dimorphic mainly from Beautempsia by the presence of 2-seriate calyces with well developed latter differs apex and with small or reduced ovary the style sharply decussate sepals calyces 1-seriate lobes), at (vs. and and acute subrostrate ovary the apex thick, without style with the stigma capitate, sessile), the to at (vs. dish-shaped pseudotorus. absence presence) of a (vs. This a monospecific genus restricted to the dry coastal woodlands and thorn scrub of Ecuador and is by deserts in Peru. represented the following species. is It Voy Beautempsia avicenniifolia (Kunth) Gaudich. ['avicenniaefolia'] Bonite, Bot. 4:38. 1866. (Fig. 1). , km SW new QCA, QCNE); Manta on (AAU, 14 of road to May MO, QCNE); 1968 road 13 lAU, Montecristi-Jipijapa, SW km QCA, QCNE); on Tenorio 10696 (K, 6 of Jipijapa WASH); Los (RSA, Machalilla National Park, Playa Frai 11 5 m, 23 Jan 1991, Gentry &Josse 72701 (MO, QCNE); k S); Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(2) SFOe'W, 7286 (AAU, NY, QCNE); 81°04'W, 1°17'S, ca. 2! m, 5 Feb 1992, Josse 760 (AAU); 1°18'S, ca. 35 etal. > (MO, QCNE); 8i°04'W 60 m, 6 Apr 127 1°17'S, ca. 1' & Wibom 208 MO); Punta Ayangue, 80°46'W 1° (LD, QCNE, m, 2 Nov 1983, Barjord 48448 (AAU, WIS); et al. W km QCa, Aug n 14312 WIS); 80 of Guayaquil, 25 (F, : W km (Gon (LA, NY); along highway 17 of Progreso & km E-l (QCA, WIS), ca. 2.5 SE of Salinas, just S of highway to Santa Elena, 80°57'W, 2°12'S, 2 m, 26 Ji litis NW km Chanduy CGE, OXF, towards (GH, NY, QCA, QCNE); Chanduy, in Maris Jun 1862, Spruce 6402 (BM, K, LE, P); 1 of litore Pacifi, W o Mar Clendenin 10994 (MO, QCNE, SEL, WIS); Pacific coast inmediately of Punta Carnero, 80 55'W, 2°15'S, 17 1973, Holm-Nielsen m MO, al 2000 (AAU, MO, NY, QCNE, WIS); 400 E of Punta Carnero, 80°55'W, 2°15'S, 17 Mar 1973, Holm-Nielsen et ah 2052 (AAU, et NY, Via Playas— Posorja, May 1978, Valverde2541 (GUAY, MO, SEL); Ayalan, 80°20'W, 2°40'S, 1 Mar 1990, Bonijaz 682 (GUAY, WIS); S); DNA Morro, m, 20 Aug 2002, Cornejo 7585 (AAU, COL, GUAY, MO, QCA, QCNE, US, WIS [sample for studies]); Isla Puna, cercanias, 5 QCA, QCNE, MO); midway between Puna Nueva m, Dec Madsen (AAU, Puna Nueva Santa Teresa, 79°57'W, 2°43'S, 3 1987, 64140 to and Zapote, 79°56'W, 2°44'S, m, 3 Sep 1987, Madsen 63879 (AAU, K, MO, NY, QCA, QCNE); Zapote to Estero de Lagarto, 79 57'W, m, 4 Aug Madsen 63826 (AAU, GUAY, MO, NY, QCA, QCNE); entre Puerto Grande y Puna Nueva, 80°7'W, 2°57'S, K, 1987, 2°43'S, km m, 8 Jul 1995, Jaramillo 18175 (QCA); Insula Puna, Oct 1892, Eggers 14756 (GH, LE, M, US, K); ibidem, MUle 785 (US). El Oro: ca. 1 Huaquillas y Arenillas, al lado de la carretera, 15 Apr-15 May 1979, Albert de Escobar 1262 (QCA, WIS); Isla Santa Clara o del Muerto, & o 80°28'W, 30 m, 4 May 1997, Vargas Canaday 1444 (MO, NY, QCNE, WIS); Isla Bellavista, 80 13'15"W, 3°24'40"S, 5 m, 19 3°12'S, ca. & & a Mar 1997, Van den Eynden Cueva 946 (LOJA, QCA, QCNE). Loja: Lucarqui, ca. 79°50'48"W, 4 07'17"S, Vivar Merino 3430 (LOJA, & km PERU. Tumbes: QCA, QCNE); road Catacocha-Macara, 79°50'W, 4°08'S, 800 m, 2 Sep 2000, Madsen Sanchez 7169 (NY). Prov. 42, & Schunke 600 (NY). Piura: Talara, 9 Apr 1929, Haught 12 (NY); Dept. Paita, Sechura desert between Paita and Piura at turnoff on road & Sechura, 100 m, Jan 1964, Hutchinson Wright 3356 (UC, NY). Lambayeque: Dept. Lambayeque, near puente Chongoyape, ca. to ca. 1 km 8384 (NY); Carretera entre Cayalti y Oyotun, 150 m, 10 Oct 1986, Diaz 2086 (MO, NY); 28 of Olmos, 125 m, 9 Jun 1978, Gentry & La 22545 Cajamarca: Contumaza, 700 m, 29 Dec 1983, Sagdstegui Mostacedo 11355 (NY). Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, al (NY). Prov. et NY N alrededores de Simbal, 550 m, 20 Jun 1986, Mostacero et 1117 (F, MO, just of Paijan along road between Trujillo and San Pedro al. [2]); MA MO Lloc, < 500 m, 2 Jan 1983, Stevens 21985 (MO, NY). Ica: without locality, Ruiz s.n., 1788 (B, [not seen], [ex herb. Pavon]). Etymology.—The specific epithet refers to the resemblance of the leaf blades of this species with those of the genus Avicennia (Acanthaceae). L. — km SE Chromosome number. n = 2n = 16 Pazy, Przywara]. Ecuador: Guayas, ca. 2.5 of Salinas, 8, [! ! W & & km H.K M. highway Progreso H.H. M. E-20 (WIS). Ecuador: Guayas, along 17 of litis litis litis litis EA (WIS). names.— ECUADOR. Bichaya (Indigenous?, Madsen 64140, 63826); Vichayo (Indigenous?, Van den Local & Guayabo Vichayo Eynden Cueva PERU. Guayabito de de gentil (Spanish, Mostacero 1117); 946). gentil, et al. & Simpson Schunke (Indigenous?, 600). Nunez Van den Uses.—The maturity have a sweet pulp, reported as edible (Svenson 11343, 127, fruits at & and Eynden Cueva Van den Eynden 1999). However, there are also reports that the "leaves 946; et al. MO, WIS, Lambayeque, produce dizziness and hallucinations" (Woytkowski 7068, in Dpto. fruits are toxic, Peru). — during day (Cornejo This Phenology and This species flowers the pers. obs.). is Ecological interactions. uncommon which Ecuador and Peru shared an feature in neotropical Capparaceae, in the coasts of is also 687 Beautempsia and Reinstatement Cornejo of litis, & and The with stamens by sympatric (Kunth) Cornejo. small flowers short the Capparicordis crotonoides litis (Madsen Madsen Cornejo by bees 2001; 63879; gynophores Beautempsia are pollinated et of avicenniijolia al. Thomas (Huey The eaten and the seeds dispersed by the Sechura fox, Lycalopex sechurae are pers. fruits obs.)- Beautempsia canid with similar distributional pattern to that of avicenniijolia. 1969), a Cabo Ecuador dominant and from Pasado in Distribution.—Locally along close to the Pacific coast, from southward south Lima, Peru, often found in the Ecuadorian coastal dry scrub forests, sea level lea of to m m up 700 Andean and Peruvian 230 800 in the very dry western slopes of Loja), in the deserts, to to (to m, forming and thus one of several dune stabilizers, apparently not salt tolerant. often thickets name Panama (Woodson under Cap- This species has been misreported in Flora of et al. 1948) the of most However, Beautempsia avicenniijolia does not occur in that country. It is likely that the paris ovalifolia. was on Ecuador specimen Panama "Isthmus of Darien") collected the coast of single cited for {Barclay s.n., (perhaps by Hinds?, see cited specimen), on the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur. KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF CAPPARACEAE INDUMENTA OR WITH VARIOUSLY STELLATE PELTATE Corolla with closed aestivation from buds, stamens not quickly acresscent just before anthesis. 1 . and Calyx -seriate, bialate or spathaceous or 4-valvate with the sepals free or fused the lobes regular, if 2. 1 segm le sp Calyx at anthesis splitting to the base by or 2 ruptures, finally bialate or 3. 1 funnelform {Steriphoma Spreng.) or Calyx anthesis tubular, subcylindric or at 3. 2-4 segments. hemispherical (the remaining genera), sepals, lobes or orange orange- Calyx tubular, subcylindric or funnelform, usually bright to 4. bud stamens indehisce tinct at the early stage; (5-)6(-8); fruits ± oblong bacciform torulose, or cylindric to thickly linear, rity, brown cup-shaped hemispherical, green, yellow or Calyx dish- or/to or 4. (, lobes often distinct from early bud stage on, or totally fused but irregular!) 2 to 4 segments {Morisonia L); stamens (plus staminodes if any) 6 tc 60 pepos amphisarca. or often torulose, capsular, linear linear, if 2-3(-4) Sepals entirely fused, irregularly rupturing at anthesis into 5. gyno amphisarca with and/or spherical caulifiorous ramiflorous; fruits Sepals or calyx lobe >. Sepals widely spaced, longitu 6. mm somewhat 4-7 folded, th hypanthium Bea the (Colicodendron, present, inserted within scent or dehiscent (Quadrella) tf if nd remaining attached to the gynophore and placenta at mi hypanthium sepalous, absent; fruits capsular, usually linear-tc Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(2) hypanthium Calyx gamosepalous, the sepals fused at least at the base, present; fruits I amphisarca, pseudoamphisarca or pepos. ± and Calyx cup-shaped, with closed aestivation, the sepals developed, their margins 9. showy dish-shaped pseudotorus absent; inflorescences bearing flowers digitate is hemispha Calyx 9. margin highly reduced, their erous dish-shaped digitate Dseudotorus; inflorescences bearing small flowers polli- nated by insects (bees); fruit Calyx the sepals imbricate, exp osing the inner pair outer pair of 2-seriate, partially 2. sepals 2-valvate, entirely hidden the inner pair o sepals in buds until or nearly to anthesis. 4-20 Leaf blades developed; absent, stigma capitate; amphisarca or (indehiscent) pepos, style fruits 0. 1 x 4-8 cm, containing to 30 larger seeds; 1 i somewhat compressed; asym- d flowers dorsal-ventrally arranged; staminodia prese abaxially S^ Sarcotoxicum ot compressed; flowers symmetric, petals siniestrorsely- 1 ' and stamens arranged staminodia radially at anthesis; i^ 12 and more rrower ^^^^^^^ delic is r^riyS^ Lianas or scandent shrubs; flowers a 2. 1 exposed from bricate in bud, the outer pair partiall) overlapping the inner pair, the inner pair Leaf blades reduced; short present, stigm style 0. 1 mm, 4-6 x 4-6 contain dehiscent), (tardily Atamisquea AAU, Thanks are due to the following herbaria for sending their collections as loan or gift for this study: B, QCNE, MO, QCA, TEX, UC, BKL, CGE, DAV, GB, GH, GUAY, LA, LD, LE, NY, OXF, SEL, US, K, S, F, P, WIS, The authors thank an anonymous reviewer providing a review of the manuscript, to John Z. for critical Werner John Wiersema and Gandhi Kanchi very helpful nomenclatural discus- McNeill, Greuter, for their Emma (NYBG Antobam ways Marie Long, Chris and Mertz helping in different Pierce library) for sions, to and Barney Lipscomb to obtain a scan of Gaudichaud's Plate 56 reproduced in figure 1 of this article, to for work. his efficient editorial REFERENCES monde Gaudichaud, Ch. 1866. Voyage autour du execute pendant les annees 836 et 837 sur corvette La la commandee de Arthus par M. Capitaine Vaisseau, Botanique. Bertrand. Bonite, Vaillant Paris, 03-1 Genera Plantarum London. Bentham, G. and Hooker. 862. Capparideae. Pp. 0. J.D. In: 1 1 1 1 . Two new and and genera Capparaceae: Sarcotoxicum Mesocapporis and 2008. of nov., Cornejo, X. H.H. stat. Iltis. 03-1 the reinstatement of Neocalyptrocalyx. Harvard Pap. Bot. 3:1 6. 1 1 von Munchen. 237-292. A.W. 1865. Capparideae. Martius, Flora brasiliensis Pp. Eichler, In C.F.P. ed., 13(1). monde Voyage du Gaudichaud, Ch. 842. autour sur corvette La Bonite, Atlas. Paris. la 1 50:1089-1091. Huey, 1969. Winter diet of the Peruvian desert fox. Ecology R.B. Cornejo and Reinstatement of Beautempsia 689 litis, Hutchinson, 1967. The genera of flowering plants (Angiospermae) Dicotyledones. Clarendon J. In: Vol. 2. Press, 303-317 Oxford. Pp. Johnston, 1944. Publication dates of Gaudichaud's botany of the Voyage of The Arnold I.M. Bonite. Arbor. 25: J. 481-487. Kunth, C.S. 821 Capparideae. von Humboldt, F.W.H.A., AJ.A. Bonpland, and Kunth. Nova genera spe- In: C.S. et 1 . plantarum 82-98. [quarto cies Pp. ed.], Paris. 5. Madsen, H. Baslev, and R. Mix. 2001 Flora of Puna Island: plant resources on a neotropical Island. Aarhus Uni- J., . McNeill, F.R. Barrie, H.M. Burdet,V. Demoulin, D.L. Hawksworth, K. Marhold, D.H. Nicolson, Prado, RC. Skog, J., Silva, J.E. J. Wiersema, and NJ.Turland. 2006. international code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code). Adopted by J.H. the 7th International Botanical Congress Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Gantner Verlag, Rugged, Liechtenstein. 1 & Van den Eynden, Cueva O. Cabrera. 1999. Plantas silvestres comestibles del Sur del Ecuador -Wild edible V., E. plants of southern Ecuador. Ediciones Abya-Yala, Quito, Ecuador. Woodson, R.E. 1948. Capparidaceae. Woodson, R.W. Schery, and collaborators, eds. Flora of Panama, Part In: R.E., Ann. Missouri Gard. 75-99. Bot. 35: 5.

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