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Praise for The Reformation “Deserves to become the standard history of early modern Europe religion and its legacy, synthesizing and assessing a quarter-century of international scholarship…Like the best of historians, he helps us to understand why we are; and why we need not be so.” —Ronald Hutton, The Independent “Handled here with brilliance, this is the kind of history that normally gives even academic historians vertigo.” —The Economist “Wide-ranging, richly layered and captivating…This spectacular intellectual history reminds us that the Reformation grew out of the Renaissance, and provides a compelling glimpse of the cultural currents that formed the background to reform. MacCulloch’s magisterial book should become the definitive history of the Reformation.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) ABOUT THE AUTHOR Diarmaid MacCulloch is the author of Christianity, the winner of the Cundill Prize in History and selected by The New Yorker, The New York Times, and Publishers Weekly as a Best Book of the Year, as well as Thomas Cranmer, winner of the Whitbread Prize, the James Tait Black Prize, and the Duff Cooper Prize. Professor of the History of the Church at Oxford University, he was brought up in a country rectory in East Anglia and now lives in Oxford, England. DIARMAID MacCULLOCH The Reformation PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First American edition published by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 2004 Published in Penguin Books 2005 11 13 15 17 19 20 18 16 14 12 Copyright © Diarmaid MacCulloch, 2003 All rights reserved THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS HAS CATALOGED THE HARDCOVER EDITION AS FOLLOWS: MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation / Diarmaid MacCulloch. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN: 978-1-101-56395-3 1. Reformation. I. Title. BR305.3.M33 2004 270.6—dc22 2003061607 Printed in the United States of America Set in Sabon Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. The scanning, uploading and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and punishable by law. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions, and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrighted materials. Your support of the author’s rights is appreciated. For Simon Yarrow with whom I discovered Preston Bissett Contents List of Illustrations and Maps Preface and Acknowledgements Introduction PART I A COMMON CULTURE 1 THE OLD CHURCH, 1490–1517 Seeing Salvation in Church The First Pillar: The Mass and Purgatory Layfolk at Prayer The Second Pillar: Papal Primacy A Pillar Cracks: Politics and the Papacy Church Versus Commonwealth? 2 HOPES AND FEARS, 1490–1517 Shifting Boundaries The Iberian Exception The Iberian Achievement: The Western Church Exported New Possibilities: Paper and Printing Humanism: A New World from Books Putting Renewal into Practice Reform or the Last Days? Erasmus: Hopes Fulfilled, Fears Stilled? 3 NEW HEAVEN: NEW EARTH, 1517–24 The Shadow of Augustine Luther, a Good Monk: 1483–1517 An Accidental Revolution: 1517–21 Whose Revolution? 1521–2 Evangelical Challenges: Zwingli and Radicalism 1521–2 Zürich and Wittenberg 1522–4 The Years of Carnival 1521–4 4 WOOING THE MAGISTRATE, 1524–40 Europe’s Greatest Rebellion: 1524–5 Princely Churches or Christian Separation: 1525–30 The Birth of Protestantisms: 1529–33 Strassburg: New Rome or New Jerusalem? Kings and Reformers, 1530–40 A New King David? Münster and Its Aftermath 5 REUNION DEFERRED: CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT, 1530–60 A Southern Revival Ignatius Loyola and the Early Jesuits Hopes For a Deal: The 1541–2 Crisis A Council at Trent: The First Session, 1545–9 Calvin in Geneva: The Reformed Answer to Münster Calvin and the Eucharist: Protestant Divisions Confirmed Reformed Protestantism: Alternatives to Calvin 1540–60 6 REUNION SCORNED, 1547–70 Crisis For the Habsburgs, 1547–55 1555: An Emperor’s Exhaustion, a Pope’s Obsession A Catholic Recovery: England 1553–8 1558–9: Turning-points for Dynasties The Last Session of the Council of Trent, 1561–3 Protestants in Arms: France and the Low Countries, 1562–70 PART II EUROPE DIVIDED: 1570–1619 7 THE NEW EUROPE DEFINED, 1569–72 Northern and Southern Religion Tridentine Successes The Catholic Defence of Christendom, 1565–71 Militant Northern Protestants, 1569–72 The Massacre of St Bartholomew, 1572 Poland 1569–76: An Alternative Future? Protestantism and Providence 8 THE NORTH: PROTESTANT HEARTLANDS Defining Lutheranism: Towards the Formula of Concord The ‘Second Reformation’ in Germany Baltic Religious Contests: Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia The Northern Netherlands: Protestant Victory The Northern Netherlands: The Arminian Crisis A Reformed Success: Scotland Elizabethan England: A Reformed Church? Ireland: The Coming of the Counter-Reformation 9 THE SOUTH: CATHOLIC HEARTLANDS Italy: The Counter-reformation’s Heart Spain and Portugal: King Philip’s Church The Counter-Reformation as World Mission 10 CENTRAL EUROPE: RELIGION CONTESTED The Empire and Habsburg Lands: A Shattered Church Habsburgs, Wittelsbachs and a Catholic Recovery Transylvania: A Reformed Israel France: Collapse of a Kingdom, 1572–98 France: A Late Counter-Reformation 11 1618–48: DECISION AND DESTRUCTION 12 CODA: A BRITISH LEGACY, 1600–1700 New English Beginnings: Richard Hooker and Lancelot Andrewes Early Stuart England: The Church’s Golden Age? War in Three Kingdoms, 1638–60 A Spectrum of Protestantisms, 1660–1700 American Beginnings PART III PATTERNS OF LIFE 13 CHANGING TIMES Time Ending Hearing God’s Voice Fighting Antichrist: Idols Fighting Antichrist: Witches 14 DEATH, LIFE AND DISCIPLINE Negotiations with Death and Magic Telling out the Word Godly Discipline A Spirit of Protestantism? 15 LOVE AND SEX: STAYING THE SAME A Common Legacy The Family in Society The Fear of Sodomy 16 LOVE AND SEX: MOVING ON The ‘Reformation of Manners’ Catholicism, the Family and Celibacy Protestantism and the Family Choices in Religion 17 OUTCOMES Wars of Reformation Tolerating Difference Cross-currents: Humanism and Natural Philosophy Cross-currents: Judaism and Doubts The Enlightenment and Beyond Appendix of Texts: Creeds, Lord’s Prayer, Ten Commandments and Hail Mary Notes Further Reading Index

Description:
The National Book Critics Circle Award–winning history of the Reformation—from the New York Times bestselling author of Christianity and Silence At a time when men and women were prepared to kill—and be killed—for their faith, the Protestant Reformation tore the Western world apart. Acclaime
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817 Pages·2005·8.42 MB·English
by  Diarmaid MacCulloch
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Praise for The Reformation “Deserves to become the standard history of early modern Europe religion and its legacy, synthesizing and assessing a quarter-century of international scholarship…Like the best of historians, he helps us to understand why we are; and why we need not be so.” —Ronald Hutton, The Independent “Handled here with brilliance, this is the kind of history that normally gives even academic historians vertigo.” —The Economist “Wide-ranging, richly layered and captivating…This spectacular intellectual history reminds us that the Reformation grew out of the Renaissance, and provides a compelling glimpse of the cultural currents that formed the background to reform. MacCulloch’s magisterial book should become the definitive history of the Reformation.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) ABOUT THE AUTHOR Diarmaid MacCulloch is the author of Christianity, the winner of the Cundill Prize in History and selected by The New Yorker, The New York Times, and Publishers Weekly as a Best Book of the Year, as well as Thomas Cranmer, winner of the Whitbread Prize, the James Tait Black Prize, and the Duff Cooper Prize. Professor of the History of the Church at Oxford University, he was brought up in a country rectory in East Anglia and now lives in Oxford, England. DIARMAID MacCULLOCH The Reformation PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First American edition published by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 2004 Published in Penguin Books 2005 11 13 15 17 19 20 18 16 14 12 Copyright © Diarmaid MacCulloch, 2003 All rights reserved THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS HAS CATALOGED THE HARDCOVER EDITION AS FOLLOWS: MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation / Diarmaid MacCulloch. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN: 978-1-101-56395-3 1. Reformation. I. Title. BR305.3.M33 2004 270.6—dc22 2003061607 Printed in the United States of America Set in Sabon Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. The scanning, uploading and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and punishable by law. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions, and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrighted materials. Your support of the author’s rights is appreciated. For Simon Yarrow with whom I discovered Preston Bissett Contents List of Illustrations and Maps Preface and Acknowledgements Introduction PART I A COMMON CULTURE 1 THE OLD CHURCH, 1490–1517 Seeing Salvation in Church The First Pillar: The Mass and Purgatory Layfolk at Prayer The Second Pillar: Papal Primacy A Pillar Cracks: Politics and the Papacy Church Versus Commonwealth? 2 HOPES AND FEARS, 1490–1517 Shifting Boundaries The Iberian Exception The Iberian Achievement: The Western Church Exported New Possibilities: Paper and Printing Humanism: A New World from Books Putting Renewal into Practice Reform or the Last Days? Erasmus: Hopes Fulfilled, Fears Stilled? 3 NEW HEAVEN: NEW EARTH, 1517–24 The Shadow of Augustine Luther, a Good Monk: 1483–1517 An Accidental Revolution: 1517–21 Whose Revolution? 1521–2 Evangelical Challenges: Zwingli and Radicalism 1521–2 Zürich and Wittenberg 1522–4 The Years of Carnival 1521–4 4 WOOING THE MAGISTRATE, 1524–40 Europe’s Greatest Rebellion: 1524–5 Princely Churches or Christian Separation: 1525–30 The Birth of Protestantisms: 1529–33 Strassburg: New Rome or New Jerusalem? Kings and Reformers, 1530–40 A New King David? Münster and Its Aftermath 5 REUNION DEFERRED: CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT, 1530–60 A Southern Revival Ignatius Loyola and the Early Jesuits Hopes For a Deal: The 1541–2 Crisis A Council at Trent: The First Session, 1545–9 Calvin in Geneva: The Reformed Answer to Münster Calvin and the Eucharist: Protestant Divisions Confirmed Reformed Protestantism: Alternatives to Calvin 1540–60 6 REUNION SCORNED, 1547–70 Crisis For the Habsburgs, 1547–55 1555: An Emperor’s Exhaustion, a Pope’s Obsession A Catholic Recovery: England 1553–8 1558–9: Turning-points for Dynasties The Last Session of the Council of Trent, 1561–3 Protestants in Arms: France and the Low Countries, 1562–70 PART II EUROPE DIVIDED: 1570–1619 7 THE NEW EUROPE DEFINED, 1569–72 Northern and Southern Religion Tridentine Successes The Catholic Defence of Christendom, 1565–71 Militant Northern Protestants, 1569–72 The Massacre of St Bartholomew, 1572 Poland 1569–76: An Alternative Future? Protestantism and Providence 8 THE NORTH: PROTESTANT HEARTLANDS Defining Lutheranism: Towards the Formula of Concord The ‘Second Reformation’ in Germany Baltic Religious Contests: Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia The Northern Netherlands: Protestant Victory The Northern Netherlands: The Arminian Crisis A Reformed Success: Scotland Elizabethan England: A Reformed Church? Ireland: The Coming of the Counter-Reformation 9 THE SOUTH: CATHOLIC HEARTLANDS Italy: The Counter-reformation’s Heart Spain and Portugal: King Philip’s Church The Counter-Reformation as World Mission 10 CENTRAL EUROPE: RELIGION CONTESTED The Empire and Habsburg Lands: A Shattered Church Habsburgs, Wittelsbachs and a Catholic Recovery Transylvania: A Reformed Israel France: Collapse of a Kingdom, 1572–98 France: A Late Counter-Reformation 11 1618–48: DECISION AND DESTRUCTION 12 CODA: A BRITISH LEGACY, 1600–1700 New English Beginnings: Richard Hooker and Lancelot Andrewes Early Stuart England: The Church’s Golden Age? War in Three Kingdoms, 1638–60 A Spectrum of Protestantisms, 1660–1700 American Beginnings PART III PATTERNS OF LIFE 13 CHANGING TIMES Time Ending Hearing God’s Voice Fighting Antichrist: Idols Fighting Antichrist: Witches 14 DEATH, LIFE AND DISCIPLINE Negotiations with Death and Magic Telling out the Word Godly Discipline A Spirit of Protestantism? 15 LOVE AND SEX: STAYING THE SAME A Common Legacy The Family in Society The Fear of Sodomy 16 LOVE AND SEX: MOVING ON The ‘Reformation of Manners’ Catholicism, the Family and Celibacy Protestantism and the Family Choices in Religion 17 OUTCOMES Wars of Reformation Tolerating Difference Cross-currents: Humanism and Natural Philosophy Cross-currents: Judaism and Doubts The Enlightenment and Beyond Appendix of Texts: Creeds, Lord’s Prayer, Ten Commandments and Hail Mary Notes Further Reading Index

Description:
The National Book Critics Circle Award–winning history of the Reformation—from the New York Times bestselling author of Christianity and Silence At a time when men and women were prepared to kill—and be killed—for their faith, the Protestant Reformation tore the Western world apart. Acclaime
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