The Reference Book

273 Pages·2012·1.281 MB·English

by  John Hawthorne, David Manley

The Reference Book
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The Reference Book
John Hawthorne and David Manley
1
3
GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP,
UnitedKingdom
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Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Part I: Against acquaintance
1 Introduction:referenceandsingularthought 3
1.1 Preliminaries 3
1.2 ThemesfromRussell 4
1.3 ReferenceafterRussell 8
1.4 SingularthoughtafterRussell 15
1.5 AcquaintanceafterRussell 19
1.6 Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot? 25
1.7 Gameplan 35
2 Adefenseofliberalism 37
2.1 Thespyargument 37
2.2 Acquaintanceandattitudereports 40
2.3 Turningthetables 45
2.4 HARMONY,SUFFICIENCY,andimpoverishedcases 50
2.5 ‘Believingof’ 53
2.6 TheNeptuneargument 56
2.7 TheirrelevanceofCONSTRAINT 61
2.8 Sourcesofconfusion 64
2.9 Conditionalreferencefixers 68
3 Epistemicacquaintance 71
3.1 Knowing-whichanddiscrimination 71
3.2 Evansonacquaintance 74
3.3 Objections 78
3.4 Knowledgeofexistence 83
3.5 Understandingandknowledge 85
Part II: Beyond acquaintance
4 Fromthespecifictothesingular 93
4.1 Indefinites:preliminaryobservations 93
4.2 Specificity:thebifurcatedview 99
4.3 Interlude:presupposition 105
4.4 Specificity:thesimpleview 107
vi CONTENTS
4.5 Interlude:covertdomainrestriction 117
4.6 Specificityasdomainrestriction 122
4.7 Singularrestrictors 133
4.8 Acquaintanceagain 136
4.9 Coyandcandidrestrictions 138
4.10 Variantviews 141
4.11 Specificsinattitudeascriptions 144
4.12 Therepresentationrequirement 151
5 What‘the’? 155
5.1 Threeapproachestouniqueness 155
5.2 Existentialism 156
5.3 Exceptionstospecificity? 168
5.4 Russellianism 175
5.5 Neo-Fregeanism 181
5.6 Threeargumentsforaneo-Fregean‘the’ 190
5.7 Fiveargumentsagainstaneo-Fregean‘the’ 196
5.8 Theupshot 202
6 Ettu,‘Brute’? 203
6.1 Demonstratives 203
6.2 Non-rigiduses 205
6.3 Salience 207
6.4 Modalthemes 211
6.5 Theviewsofar 218
6.6 Names 219
6.7 Thepredicateview:details 221
6.8 Twoineffectivearguments 224
6.9 Callinganddescribing 227
6.10 Againstthepredicateview 233
6.11 Bareandbound? 235
6.12 Varietiesofvalidity 239
6.13 Names:atentativeverdict 241
Afterword 243
Bibliography 249
Index 259
Acknowledgments
Thisworkisinlargepartasynthesisanddefenseofaclusterofideas,manyofwhich
have already been suggested individually by contemporary philosophers or linguists.
Wearethereforeindebtedtomanythinkers,aswewilltrytomakeclearthroughout.
But it is worth emphasizing those theorists upon whose work we have most heavily
drawn. In the first half, Robin Jeshion, David Kaplan, Steven Schiffer, Ernest Sosa,
Jonathan Sutton, and Howard Wettstein; and in the second half, Paul Elbourne, Kai
vonFintel,IreneHeim,JeffreyC.King, StephenNeale,RogerSchwarzschild,Jason
Stanley,andZolta´nSzabo´.
Many thanksare alsoduetoallofthose who have discussed theideasinthis book
withus,orprovideduswithcommentsonpreviousdraftsofthemanuscript.Wewill
inevitablyfailtomentioneveryonewhooughttobethanked,butweareverygrateful
for help from Barbara Abbott, Emma Borg, Herman Cappelen, Nate Charlow, Billy
Dunaway,RachelGoodman,AidanGray,DavidKaplan,GailLeckie,OfraMagidor,
SarahMoss,CraigeRoberts,DanielRothschild,BarrySchein,AndersSchoubye,Scott
Soames, Jason Stanley, Eric Swanson, and Juhani Yli-Vakkuri. In addition, several
peoplewentsofarastoprovideextensivecommentsontheentirebook(atsomestage
or other of its development), and for this we owe special thanks to Cian Dorr, Paul
Elbourne,JeffKing,TedSider,TimothyWilliamson,andEliaZardini.Thanksalsoto
audiences at: a symposium at the Eastern APA, a symposium at the Pacific APA, a
colloquium attheUniversityofNotre Dame, aworkshopatArche´ inStAndrews, a
LogosconferenceinBarcelona,aseminaratPrinceton,andaseminaratUSC.Finally,
wewouldliketothanktheCenterfortheStudyofMindinNatureforitssupportof
thisproject.
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PART I
Against acquaintance