The Reception of the New Testament in the Apostolic Fathers PDF
Preview The Reception of the New Testament in the Apostolic Fathers
THE RECEPTION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT IN THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS This page intentionally left blank The Reception of the New Testament in the Apostolic Fathers Edited by ANDREW F. GREGORY CHRISTOPHER M. TUCKETT GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford New York Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto WithoYcesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork (cid:1)OxfordUniversityPress,2005 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2005 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData TheReceptionoftheNewTestamentintheApostolicfathers/edited byAndrewGregory,ChristopherTuckett. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferences(p.)andindexes. ISBN0-19-926782-0(alk.paper) 1.Bible.N.T.–Criticism,interpretation,etc.2.Churchhistory–Primitiveandearlychurch,ca.30-600. 3.ApostolicFathers.I.Gregory,AndrewF.II.Tuckett,C.M.(ChristopherMark) BS23641.3.R432005 225’.09’015–dc22 2005018652 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn ISBN0–19–926782–0 978–0–19–926782–8 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Preface Theessaysandstudiesincludedinthesetwovolumesareintendedtoupdate, todevelop,andtowidenthescopeoftheissuesconsideredbymembersof‘A Committee of the Oxford Society of Historical Theology’ in their landmark andstillvaluablereferencebook,TheNewTestamentintheApostolicFathers. That volume was published by the Clarendon Press in 1905, and it is to acknowledge the importance of that famous book that these companion volumes are published in its centenary year. The 1905 volume was very much a product of Oxford, albeit by a number of scholars who may have beenonthefringesofuniversitylife(asJohnMuddimanexplains,inTrajec- tories through the New Testament and the Apostolic Fathers, p. 107); Kirsopp LakeislistedamongthecontributorsasProfessorofNewTestamentExegesis intheUniversityofLeiden,buthewascurateoftheUniversityChurchofSt Mary theVirgininOxforduntilhisappointmenttothatchairin1904. Oxford connections remain important in these centenary volumes. Both editors are members of the Oxford Theology Faculty, and these papers representtheWrst-fruitsofanongoingresearchprojectontheNewTestament andthesecondcenturythatissupportedbytheTheologyFaculty.Yetthereis also a strong international dimension to the research presented in these volumes, for the contributors are drawn from Belgium, Germany, Canada, the USA, and South Africa, as well as from Oxford and elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Many of the papers were presented and discussed at a conferenceheldatLincolnCollege,Oxford,inApril2004;otherswerewritten solely for publication. But this collection is by no means just another Con- ferenceProceedings;allthecontributionsprintedherehavebeenthroughthe processofpeerreview thatiscustomary inacademicpublishing. The chapters that appear in The Reception of the New Testament in the ApostolicFathersoVeracomprehensiveandrigorousdiscussionoftheextent towhichthe writings later included in theNew Testament were known, and cited(oralludedto),by theApostolicFathers,andtheydosointhelightof contemporary research on the textual traditions of both corpora. The chap- ters in Trajectories through the New Testament and the Apostolic Fathers are also sensitive to these issues, but oVer a representative sample of a range of issues that arise in the comparative study of these texts. They cannot be comprehensive, because they address wider questions than those addressed in the companion volume, but they advance contemporary discussion and understanding of each of the Apostolic Fathers and much of the New vi Preface Testament in the wider context of Christian origins and development in the Wrstandsecondcenturies. Both editors are glad to thank various people for their help in producing these volumes. We are grateful to Hilary O’Shea, who brought the proposal before the Delegates of Oxford University Press, and to Lucy Qureshi, who saw the volumes through from their acceptance by the Press until their publication. Dorothy McCarthy, Enid Barker, Amanda Greenley, Samantha GriViths and Jean van Altena each helped us to keep to a tight production scheduleandgavevaluableadviceonmanypointsofdetail.Particularthanks areduetotheanonymousreaderwhoreadalargetypescriptwithgreatspeed andequalcare,andoVeredanumberofhelpfulandincisivesuggestions. OUP provided Wnancial support for our conference, as did the British Academy, the Zilkha Fund of Lincoln College, Oxford, and the Theology Faculty of Oxford University. We are glad to acknowledge the assistance of each.AdamFranciscoprovidedindispensablehelpinrunningtheconference website,whichalloweddelegatestoreadpapersinadvance,andwasofgreat assistancethroughout the planning and administration of the conference, as wereMelParrottandhercolleaguesatLincolnCollege. Most importantly, both editors were overwhelmed by the support and interest shown by such a range of international experts in the study of the New Testament and early Christianity, and we are grateful to all who have allowedustoincludetheirworkinthispublication.Wehopethatthatthese volumeswillbecomeastandardreferenceworkformanyyearstocome,and that they will provide a useful resource for future researchers in New Testa- mentandPatristics. AFG CMT Contents ListofContributors ix Abbreviations xi IntroductionandOverview 1 ANDREW F.GREGORYandCHRISTOPHER M.TUCKETT PART I. TheTextoftheNewTestamentandtheApostolicFathers 7 1. TextualTraditionsCompared:TheNewTestamentandthe ApostolicFathers 9 BART D.EHRMAN 2. TextualTraditionsExamined:WhattheTextoftheApostolic FatherstellsusabouttheTextoftheNewTestamentinthe SecondCentury 29 WILLIAM L.PETERSEN 3. AbsentWitnesses?TheCriticalApparatustotheGreekNew TestamentandtheApostolicFathers 47 J.KEITH ELLIOTT PART II. TheTextualTransmissionandReceptionoftheWritings thatlaterformedtheNewTestamentintheApostolic Fathers 59 4. ReXectionsonMethod:WhatconstitutestheUseoftheWritings thatlaterformedtheNewTestamentintheApostolicFathers? 61 ANDREW F.GREGORYandCHRISTOPHER M.TUCKETT 5. TheDidacheandtheWritingsthatlaterformedtheNew Testament 83 CHRISTOPHER M.TUCKETT 6. 1ClementandtheWritingsthatlaterformedtheNewTestament 129 ANDREW F.GREGORY viii Contents 7. TheEpistlesofIgnatiusofAntiochandtheWritingsthat laterformedtheNewTestament 159 PAUL FOSTER 8. Polycarp’sLettertothePhilippiansandtheWritingsthatlater formedtheNewTestament 187 MICHAELW.HOLMES 9. TheEpistleofBarnabasandtheWritingsthatlaterformed theNewTestament 229 JAMES CARLETON-PAGET 10. 2ClementandtheWritingsthatlaterformedtheNew Testament 251 ANDREW F.GREGORYandCHRISTOPHER M.TUCKETT 11. TheShepherdofHermasandtheWritingsthatlaterformed theNewTestament 293 JOSEPH VERHEYDEN Bibliography 331 IndexofPrimarySources 347 IndexofSubjects 367 IndexofModernAuthors 373 List of Contributors James Carleton-Paget is a Lecturer in New Testament Studies at the Univer- sity of Cambridge, and Fellow and Tutor of Peterhouse. He is the author of The Epistle of Barnabas: Outlook and Background (1994) and a number of articlesonJewsandChristiansintheWrstandsecondcenturies. Bart D. Ehrman is the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The author or editorofsixteenbooks,hehasrecentlypublishedatwo-volumeeditionofthe ApostolicFathersfor theLoebClassicalLibrary. J. Keith Elliott is Professor of New Testament Textual Criticism at the University of Leeds. He is the editor of The Apocryphal New Testament (1993), and secretary of the British Committee of the International Greek NewTestamentProject. PaulFosterisLecturerinNewTestamentLanguage,LiteratureandTheology at theUniversityof Edinburgh. He isa series editorof the Oxford Apostolic Fathers and the author of Community Law and Mission in Matthew’s Gospel (2004). His other publications include articles about the synoptic problem, theJewishbackgroundtoearlyChristianity,Paulinetheology,andtheGospel ofPeter. Andrew F. Gregory is a Research Fellow at Keble College, Oxford. He is a serieseditorofOxfordEarlyChristianGospelTextsandtheOxfordApostolic Fathers,andtheauthorofTheReceptionofLukeandActsinthePeriodbefore Irenaeus(2003).Hisotherpublicationsincludearticlesontheimportanceof second-centuryChristiantextsfor theinterpretation oftheNewTestament. MichaelW.HolmesisProfessorofBiblicalStudiesandEarlyChristianity,and Chairof the Department of Biblical and Theological Studies, Bethel Univer- sity.AneditoroftheSBL-sponsoredmonographseriesTheNewTestamentin the Greek Fathers, he is the author or editor of six books, including The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations (3rd edn., 1999), and hasalsopublishedmorethantwenty articles,essays,orchaptersinbooks. William L. Petersen is Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins at The Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of many books and articles, including Tatian’s Diatessaron (Leiden: Brill, 1994), and conducts
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