The Real Cassian Revisited: Monastic Life, Greek Paideia, and Origenism in the Sixth Century PDF
Preview The Real Cassian Revisited: Monastic Life, Greek Paideia, and Origenism in the Sixth Century
The Real Cassian Revisited Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae Texts and Studies of Early Christian Life and Language Editors J.denBoeft–B.D.Ehrman–J.vanOort D.T.Runia–C.Scholten–J.C.M.vanWinden VOLUME112 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.nl/vcs The Real Cassian Revisited Paideia Monastic Life, Greek , and Origenism in the Sixth Century By P.Tzamalikos LEIDEN•BOSTON 2012 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Tzamalikos,P.(Panayiotes),1951- TherealCassianrevisited:monasticlife,Greekpaideia,andOrigenisminthesixthcentury/By P.Tzamalikos. pagescm.–(SupplementstoVigiliaeChristianae;VOLUME112) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-22440-7(hardback:alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-22530-5(e-book) 1.Churchhistory–Primitiveandearlychurch,ca.30-600.2.BookofMonkCassiantheRoman.3. Cassian,theSabaite,approximately470-548.I.Title. BR227.T932012 270.2092–dc23 2011049118 Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100characters coveringLatin,IPA,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitableforuseinthe humanities.Formoreinformation,pleaseseewww.brill.nl/brill-typeface. ISSN0920-623X ISBN9789004224407(hardback) ISBN9789004225305(e-book) Copyright2012byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,GlobalOriental,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishersandMartinusNijhoffPublishers. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillNV providedthattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter, 222RosewoodDrive,Suite910,Danvers,MA01923,USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. τὸννῦνἡγούµενονἀββᾶνΚασιανόν, Σκυθοπολίτηνὄντατῷγένει, ὀρθόδοξόντεὄντακαὶβίῳκαὶλόγῳκεκοσµηµένον. …thepresenthegoumen,abbaCassian,whoisofScythopolisby birth,orthodox,andadornedbothinhisconductoflifeandinhis teaching. CyrilofScythopolis,VitaCyriaci,ad547/8. interdumcogunturloqui,nonquodsentiunt,sedquodnecesseest. [Christianauthors]aresometimescompelledtosaynotwhatthey [really]think,butwhatnecessitydictates. Jerome,Epistula49.13. Andwhatthedeadhadnospeechfor,whenliving, Theycantellyou,beingdead:thecommunication Ofthedeadistonguedwithfirebeyondthelanguageoftheliving. … SoIassumedadoublepart,andcried Andheardanother’svoicecry:‘what!areyouhere?’ … Forlastyear’swordsbelongtolastyear’slanguage Andnextyearswordsawaitanothervoice. … Beingbetweentwolives—unflowering,between Theliveandthedeadnettle.Thisistheuseofmemory: … Historymaybeservitude, Historymaybefreedom.See,nowtheyvanish, Thefacesandplaces,withtheselfwhich,asitcould,lovedthem, Tobecomerenewed,transfigured,inanotherpattern. … Thosemen,andthosewhoopposedthem Andthosewhomtheyopposed Accepttheconstitutionofsilence. T.S.Eliot,LittleGidding CONTENTS ListofIllustrations...................................................... ix Preface.................................................................. xi Abbreviations........................................................... xv Introduction.MonkCassian,theSabaiteofScythopolisinPalestine andJohnCassian,theScythianofMarseilles.TheResurrectionof anEclipsedAuthor .................................................. 1 Meteora ......................................................... 1 CassianasanIntellectual........................................ 4 TheAkoimetoi................................................... 13 ASabaiteScholarMonkattheMonasteryoftheAkoimetoi (‘theNever-Sleeping’Monks)................................. 27 AnAnonymousAddresserAddressinganAnonymous Addressee..................................................... 37 Conclusion ...................................................... 42 1. Testimonies,Addressees,andCassian’sRealMilieu................. 49 GennadiusofMarseilles......................................... 49 Photius .......................................................... 60 Leontius ......................................................... 66 CyrilofScythopolis.............................................. 78 Castor............................................................ 83 AntiochusofPalestine........................................... 86 JohnCassian,theScythianofMarseilles......................... 92 2. CassiantheSabaite .................................................. 115 The‘MonkandPresbyterCassian’inad536..................... 115 TheTextsoftheCodex .......................................... 116 AbbaCassianandPosterity...................................... 123 TheAnchorites .................................................. 131 3. AGreekWriter....................................................... 149 ManuscriptEditions............................................. 149 WritingsbyaGraeculus? ........................................ 152 ASixth-CenturyWriter.......................................... 186 viii contents 4. AnEclipsedAuthor.................................................. 207 ScribingintheMiddleAges ..................................... 207 WhyWasCassianStyled‘Roman’inLaterByzantine Literature?.................................................... 227 5. HellenisminTheSixthCentury...................................... 243 CassianandGreekPhilosophy .................................. 243 HellenismandChristianity:TheAncientQuestion.............. 246 HellenismandSixth-CenturyChallenges........................ 255 6. DoctrinalDecorumandImperialPower............................. 259 TheSixth-CenturyOrigenism ................................... 259 TheOrigenismandPseudo-OrigenismofCassian............... 321 7. LateAntiqueIntellectualInterplay.................................. 333 ChristianInfluenceonNeoplatonism ........................... 333 1. Proclus ................................................... 336 2. SimpliciusandDamascius................................ 366 Stoicism ......................................................... 377 Aristotelism ..................................................... 380 Conclusion ............................................................. 391 AppendixI.TheBookofCassianCopiedbyPosterity................... 407 AppendixII.GreekReferencestoCassian.............................. 433 AppendixIII.CassianandCaesariusReviewedByPhotius............. 437 Bibliography............................................................ 443 I. Codices ...................................................... 443 II. PrimarySources.............................................. 444 III.ModernSources ............................................. 483 IV. AncientLexicaofGreekLanguage........................... 487 IndexofPersonsofAntiquity,Locations,andNotions ................. 489 IndexofGreekTermsandExpressions................................. 513 IndexofModernAuthors............................................... 520 ILLUSTRATIONS LISTOFILLUSTRATIONS Fig.1.Meteora-monasteries‘intheair’.................................. 524 Fig.2.TheJudaeandesert,wheretheGreatLauraislocated ........... 525 Fig.3.TheGreatLaura,onthewestsideofbrookCedron............... 525 Fig.4.TheGreatLaurafrominside(north-east)ofbrookCedron....... 525 Fig.5.WestsideoftheGreatLaura(mainentrance) ................... 526 Fig.6.TheGreatLauratoday.Thevaultofthemainchurch (καθολικόν) ......................................................... 527 Fig.7.TheGreatLauratoday.Westsideofthemainchurch (καθολικόν) ......................................................... 528 Fig.8.CodexMetamorphosis573....................................... 529 Fig.9.CodexMetamorphosis573....................................... 529 Fig.10.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio1r,colophon:Κασσιανοῦ µοναχοῦβιβλίον(‘TheBookofMonkCassian’)...................... 530 Fig.11.CodexMetamorphosis573.Insidefaceoffrontcover ........... 531 Fig.12.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio22v............................. 532 Fig.13.Codex573,folio56v.............................................. 533 Fig.14.Codex573,folio80r.............................................. 534 Fig.15.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio101r ............................ 535 Fig.16.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio245r ........................... 536 Fig.17.CodexSabaiticus76,folio132r................................... 537 Fig.18.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio226v ........................... 538 Fig.19.CodexSabaiticus8,folio92v..................................... 539 Fig.20.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio221r............................ 540 Fig.21.CodexSabaiticus8,folio96v..................................... 541 Fig.22.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio211r............................ 542 Fig.23.CodexSabaiticus8,folio98v .................................... 543 Fig.24.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio232v........................... 544 Fig.25.CodexSabaiticus8,folio113v.................................... 545 Fig.26.CodexMetamorphosis,folio209r.Cassian’smathematical rulesforformingthecalendar...................................... 546 Fig.27.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio209v.Cassian’smathematical rulesforformingthecalendar...................................... 547 Fig.28.Metamorphosis573,folio290r .................................. 548
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