The radiochemistry of silver

61 Pages·1961·1.718 MB·English

by  Duane Neuman Sunderman, Charles William Townley

National
Academy
of
Sciences
.
Research Council
NUCLEAR SERIES
.,
,“
The Rcadiochemistry
of Silver
,——. ——. . -
COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
L.F.CURTIS5,Chairman ROBLEYD.EVANS,ViceChairman
NationaBlureauofStandards MassaehuaethtwstltutoefTechnology
J.A,DeJUREN,Secretary
WestinghouEsleectriCcooperation
C.J.BORKOWSfG J.W.IRVfNE,JR.
OakRfdgeNationaLlaboratory MassachusetItnsstituotfTeechnology
ROBERTG.COCHHAN E.1).KLEMA
TexaeAgricultuarnadlMechanical NorthwesteUrnniversity
College
W.WAYNE MEINKE
SAMUELEPSTEfN UniversiotfyMichigan
CelifornItnastituotfTeechnology J.J.NICKSON
MemorialHoepitaNle,wYork
U.FANO
NationaBlureauofStsndarde ROBERT L.PLATZMAN
LaborataidreeChimiePhysique
HERBERTGOLDSTEIN
NucleaDrevelopmenCtooperatioofn D.M.VANPATTER
America BartoRlesearcFhoundation
LIAISONMEMBERS
PAuLc.AEBEItSOLD CHARLESK.REED
AtomicEnergyCommission U.S.AirForce
J.HOWARD McMILLEN WILLIAME.WRIGHT
NationeSfciencFeoundation OfficoefNavalResearch
SUBCOMMITTEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY
W.WAYNE MEINKE,CAairm/m EARLHYDE
UniversiotfyMichigan UniversiotfyCaliforn(iRaerkeley)
NATHAN BALLOU JULIANNIELSEN
NavalRadiologiDceaflensLeshoratory HanforLdsberatories
GREGORY R.CHOPPIN G.DAVfDO’KELLEY
FloridSatatUeniversity OakRidgeNationaLlaboratory
GEORGEA.COWAN ELLISP.STEINBERG
km AlamOsScientiLfaibcOrato~ ArgonneNationaLlaboratory
ARTHURW.FAIRHALL PETERC.STEVENSON
UniversiotfyWashington UniversiotfyCaliforn(iLaivermOre)
JEROME HUDIS DUANEN.SUNDERMAN
BrookhaveNnationaLlaboratory BattelMleemorialInstitute
CONSULTANTS
HERBERT M.CLARK JOHNW.WINCHESTER
RensselaeProlytechnIincstitute MaseachusetItneetituotfTeechnology
The Radiochemistry of Silver
D. N. SUNDERMAN AND C.W. TOWNLEY
Battelle Me?non”al Institute
Cohmbus, Ohio
November1961
OCT311968
~,1-wum
PROPERTY
-—.-.
Subcommittee on Radiochemidry
NationalAcademy ofsciences—National Research Couucfl
PrinteidnU8A.Prtoe$0.76A.vnilnbflreomtheOffIcoefTe&ulcal
Wwlcee,DeprtmentofCommeroe,Wnehiogt2o6n, D.C.
FOREWORD
The Subcommittee on Radiochemistry Is one of a number of
BubcommltteeB working under the Committee on Nuclear Science
wlthln the National Academy of Sciences - National Reeearch
council . Its members represent government, Industrial, and
university laboratorte6 In the areas of nuclear chemistry and
analytical chemistry.
The Subcommittee has concerned Itself with those areas of
nuclear science which Involve the chemist, such as the collec-
tion and d16trlbution of radlochemlcal procedures, the estab-
lishment of speclflcatlon~ for radlochemiaally pure reagents,
avallablllty of cyclotron the for eervlce irradiations, the
place of radlochemlstry In the undergraduate college program,
etc.
This series of monographs has grown out of the need for
up-to-date compilations of radlochemlcal information end pro-
cedures. The Subcommittee has endeavored to present a series
which will be of maximum use to the working scientist and
which contains the latest available information. Each mono-
graph colleats In one volume the perttnent hformatlon required
for radiochemlcal work with an individual element or a group of
closely related elements.
An expert In the radiochemlstry of the particular element
has written the monograph, following a standard format developed
by the Subcommittee. The Atomic Energy Commission has sponsored
the printing of the aerlea.
The Subcommittee la confident these publications will be
useful not only to the radlochetiat but alao to the research
worker In other fields such as physics, biochemistry or medlclne
who wlahee to uae radloche~cal-technlquea to solve-a apeclflc
problem.
W. Wayne Mehke, ChalrmerI
SubcoimmLtteeon-Radloche!uiatry
iii
INTRODUCTION
‘l’Mavolum nldchdealauiththemadioohamlatroyfsilverh one
ofa eerlesofmnographaonmii ochemlstryoftheelernenta.Them 18
Inoludeda reviewofthenuolearanichemicalfbat~s ofparticularinterest
to theradioobemld+, a dlacueaionofproblem ofdlsaolutionofa sample
ami oountingtachniquee,axxlflmally,a collectionofradioohemical
~cedurea fartiealanantaa founiIntheliterature.
Theeerlaaofmonograpbawillcoverallelenmntsforwhich
radioolwxbl procaduraaarepertinent.P1.armincluderevlaionof
themmographPricdlccllyaa mw techniquesandprocedureswarrant. The
readeria,tbarefom,enccamugadto uallto theattentionof tbaauthora
mterial on the nmlioohenriatoafyEKLvar
revlaedvureionofthemmograph.
CONTENTS
I. GeneralRevlewBoftheInorganicandAnaQticalChemlmtIYofSfiver
II. GenermlReviewsoftheRadiochercilaotfrySilvw
111. Tableof IBotopeaofStiver
IV, ReviQJwofthoeeFeaturesofSilverChemlatryofGhi.efIntereetto
1. W3talliosilver
2. SolutiLeetitaofaflver
3. InsolublesaltaofEIilveafndprecipitationandcopreclpltitior
charaoteriehta ofsilver
h. Inorganicmmplexeaofsilver
5. Organicwmpkues ofsflver
6. Extraotim ofsilverintoorganicadvents
7. Ionexchangetshavlorofq ilver
8. leotepicexohangeofsilver
9. Kb3ctrodepoeitloonfsilver
v. Diaaolutionoflhtiala GontalmfngSilver
VI. RadloaaaayTechniquesforSilmr Ieotopea
UC. CollectionofDetdl.edRadiochemld Proceduresfcm Silver
Referemee
v
The Radiochemistry of Silver
D. N. SUNDERMAN AND C.W. TOWNLEY
Battelle Memorial It&titute
Columbus, Ohw
I. GENERALRHV13WBOF THEINORQANICANDANALYTICALCSEFJSTHIOXSILVER
pp. 99-104 ti VolunEII andpp. 49-52and61L6-64h9 VoluueII
of9AnalyticalChemist&, F.P.Treaduell,tr.andrev.
~ WIllim T. Han, John Miby andSons,hC., Neu York,
nlmthedition,1937.
Chapter18,pp.818-84Lin‘IncrganicChendatW, T. %ellerj
JohnWileyandSome,Inc.,NeuYcmk,1952.
Pp.20h-209imlAppliedInorgauicAnalyeiea,U. ?.Hlllebrand,
G.E. Lumdell,H.A. Bright,andJ. I.Eloffmn,JOhO Wiley
andSome,Inc.,NewYork,seoomleditim, 1953.
Pp.173-190inlPrescottandJobneonlsQuali’mtiveChemid
Amolyeiam,R. K.McAlpineand B.A. Soule,VanNostrard,
NewYork,1933.
II. GEIW?ALSEVIW3 OFTHERADICEHEKLSTROYFSILVER
%valuatlonofRadiochendcelSeparationProceduress,
DuaneN.Sumiemam ad W. W- Winke, AnalyticalChemiatq
~, 1578,November1957.
WM Wvelopnent and EvaluationofRadiochemi-1S3Patlon
Pi’ocadurafEc!mBarium,Calcium,Strontium,Silver,and
Mu#, DuaneN.Sundermam,AEcU-3159,Februaq 19.56.
1
Mthcd Of
IMot EalfLife Reparation
$03- 59Mlr” 0.554 M4V cd~.(P,4)
EO 0.764
4#04 27tin @ * 2.70 0JL8 dau@terOfCdlOh
0.556
&lo5
Iloda?’a E Owl
0.281
0;345
o.4J&3
o.6511
@.06
&n&l H 41.95 O.m (17%) Rhy 4, d,
1.45 ~ ~d[,~)
g -0.36 (-M)
8.3days m 0.s3
O.6&
0.72
1.0b5
1.131
1.388
1.53
~107m
u Bec n 0.093 0.093 Ikm@Ler ofCdm
@7
-- (51.35%)
4?W (n,W
@Om 253dayn ~ -0.086 63 @ (n,&
0.536[318 ::%
IT 0.u6 (5%) O.*5
0.61.9
0.677
0.705
0.7611
0.88L
2
III. TABLE(CONKCNUEO)
PrilmqyRadiation Fwhai of
Isotope HalfLife VP ofDeqy anmn We paration
~.937
i:?%
B- 2.16 0.66 DaughterofA&om
2.MI
&lllm 74 aec IT0.087 0.087 I@ghter ofPdU
&l
7.5daye p- :.;:(Y& o.2h3(1% Fieeionprcduct,
0.340(8%1
0:80ul.% glw:”&m
112
& 3.2hr d - M (25% 0.61.B Fissionprcduct,
:.; [MJ :.g daughterofRim
-*1 (15%\ 2:31
&3m
1.2ndn g)- <2.0 0J& RaughterofMu
0.30
0.39
0.%
o.~
#.3 5.3 br 0.31(waek) Flaaionproduct
@J.1 5 eec 0s7 DaughterofPd~
*U4
211dn Flaaionprcduct
A+% 20 aec Fieslonprduct
@ 21 Udll O.lx week maim prduct
0.227/n1eek
#6 2.5min 0.70 F’ieslopnrcduct
0.52
4+7 1.1Edn F3Eaionproduot
For- coqileteinformationcm tieradiationsoftheisotopesof
ailmr amlformferenceatotheoriglrmlUterature,see‘Talil.oef Iaotopae,
D. 6trombger,J. W Hollamier,auiG. T. Seabarg,ReviewsofWdern Physloe~
lb.2, M II, April @3.
3
IV. REV~ OFTHCSEFIWURES OF SILVllCSHEMISIRYOFCH~ ~T TO
RAJIICCHEMISTS
1. I19talliScllvwr
W.var isa whiteuetal,havinga denai~ of10.Sg/coat 20G,
a mlt~ pointof 960.5C, anda boiling-t of1~ C. Itis a vary
mmlleablaendduot~e mtal andis supsriortoall othernmtalsin
conductionofbat ad aleotricity.
Silmr isa noblanmkalandla e$milyreducedto theIMtallio
state. Heatalonslasuffkieti toreducasilvercmidc,carbonate,or
-- Theadditionofrmtalaauohas eino,coppar,orticmto a eolutioia
of silvericmawIIJreducetb Bilverto thamtal, aawiU formicaoidj
stannouachlmide,andfbrrouasulfitel.
Electrolytloreductionofaflverlaeasily aocoqliabad,d
purificationoft~ metalis commnly broughtatautin thicmumer.
Oxidaticmpotentialofailvararegivenbalds
k =Ag++e- $98 --0.7995 v
~ + ~H- =A@ + H20 + 2e- - -o.341v1
590
h+ “&e+e- =4.98 v
’298
Ag20+20H-”2 Ago+ H20+2e- - -0.57v
~;9tl
Ag4 + S20 =&0++&+2e- - aa.-2.0v
7$98
Ag+2+ ~o _&go* +a+. +e- E“ - Oa.-2.lV
:90
2Ag0l 20H-=Ag~03+ H@ + 2e- “ -o.711v
’298
ThemoatstablecnidationetatalaAK(I). TheAg(II)etataaxiatsas t& .
solid-tie and iluoride,ina mmbar of coqik mmpti, andinaticng
axitiingaolutionc?.The4(111) stateexiatain acarmcomplaxc~,
instrongoxidia3ngeolution#,andpoeaiblyaa thesolidoxi&.
2. SolubleSaltaofSilver
In aqueouaaolutionatlmody stablecmidationdate ofeilverla
tJM+1atati. The+2 and+3silvertoneaseEuobpowerful oxidlal.ng
agontathattheyareunatalilienwatersolutionebaoauaeoftlmirreduction
bywatar6. Thesolubleaaltaofai.lverticludathenitrate,nitrite,
iluoride,ohlorate,pertiorate,bromate,eulfate,pamanga!mte,acatate$
andtartrata. The fluoride10theonlysolublediver hallda.
4