THE QUEER TURN IN FEMINISM Fordham University Press New York 2014 Commonalities Timothy C. Campbell, series editor THE QUEER TURN IN FEMINISM Identities, Sexualities, and the Th eater of Gender Anne Emmanuelle Berger Translated by Catherine Porter Copyright © 2014 Fordham University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means— electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other— except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. Fordham University Press has no responsibility for the per sis tence or accuracy of URLs for external or third- party Internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any con- tent on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Fordham University Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-i n-P ublication Data is available from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 16 15 14 5 4 3 2 1 First edition CONTENTS Ac know ledg ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1 Parabasis (Before the Act) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Queens and Queers: Th e Th eater of Gender in “America” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 Paradoxes of Visibility in / and Contemporary Identity Politics . . . . . . . . . . . 83 4 Th e Ends of an Idiom, or Sexual Diff erence in Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 5 Roxana’s Legacy: Feminism and Capitalism in the West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Works Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 AC KNOW LEDG MENTS I was able to begin writing this book thanks to the one- semester research leave granted me by the Langue et Littérature Françaises section of the Con- seil National des Universités in 2009; I would like to express my gratitude to the members serving on the Conseil at that time. Th e Institut National des Sciences Humaines et Sociales of the Centre National de la Recherche Scien- tifi que allowed me to complete the work with the help of a grant in 2012; many thanks to its leadership team and to the jurors of the 35th section. I am grateful to the friends and colleagues at Paris 8 who supported me in this project (special thanks to Bruno, Denis, and Eleni!) and also to my graduate students in the Centre d’Études Féminines et d’Études de Genre at Paris 8; this book, a product of our classes and our exchanges, is dedicated, in part, to them. Heta Rundgren was of invaluable logistical help in juggling between the French and American “versions” of the texts I consulted. Catherine Porter, who translated the book into “American” En glish with patience, rigor, and talent, made it better by pointing out glitches and unclear or awk- ward phrasing. As the book had not yet appeared in French when she trans- lated it, I was able to benefi t from her questions and suggestions to make the necessary adjustments. To Cathy, all my gratitude! Let me take advantage of this exercise, more “American” than French, to let my friends Anne Deneys- Tunney, Hélène Merlin- Kajman, Catherine Nesci, and Isabelle Tournier know that, unwittingly and each in her own way, they contributed signifi - cantly to the impetus behind this book, as they did with earlier texts. Th e last word belongs to HC, my mother, since it was she who suggested the title. Finally, I owe to my most strangely intimate reader, Jim Siegel, the gift of the “America” that propels my writing. THE QUEER TURN IN FEMINISM