The Psychology of Violence in Adolescent Romantic Relationships PDF
Preview The Psychology of Violence in Adolescent Romantic Relationships
The Psychology of Violence in Adolescent Romantic Relationships Also by Erica Bowen EVALUATING CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND CORRECTIONS ( co- editor) THE REHABILITATION OF P ARTNER- VIOLENT MEN The Psychology of Violence in Adolescent Romantic Relationships Erica Bowen and Kate Walker Coventry University, UK © Erica Bowen and Kate Walker 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-32139-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-45800-4 ISBN 978-1-137-32140-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137321404 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bowen, Erica, 1976– The psychology of violence in adolescent romantic relationships / Erica Bowen and Kate Walker. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-349-45800-4 (alk.paper) 1. Dating violence—Psychological aspects. 2. Intimate partner violence— Psychological aspects. 3. Teenagers—Sexual behavior. 4. Teenage girls— Violence against. I. Walker, Kate, 1969– II. Title. HQ801.83.B69 2015 303.60835’2—dc23 2014049544 Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. We dedicate this book to our family and friends This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Figures and Tables xi Preface xii Acknowledgements xiv 1 Contextualising Violence and Abuse in Adolescent Romantic Relationships 1 Introduction 1 What is adolescence? 2 Adolescent romantic relationships 3 What happens in adolescent romantic relationships? 4 The nature of adolescent dating violence (ADV) 5 Academic definitions 5 Definitions in practice 5 Official definitions 6 What is adolescent dating violence? 7 Physical abuse 7 Psychological/emotional or verbal abuse 9 Sexual violence/abuse 9 Controlling behaviours 10 Prevalence of ADV 11 Physical violence 11 Psychological/emotional violence 12 Sexual violence/abuse and coercion 12 Same- sex relationships 13 Who uses these behaviours? 15 Stability or change in ADV? 15 Why do young people use aggression in romantic relationships? 16 Help-seeking behaviours 18 Summary and conclusions 20 2 The Impact of Adolescent Dating Violence 21 Introduction 21 Impact of ADV 22 Negative physical health consequences 22 vii viii Contents Mental health outcomes 41 Anxiety and depression 41 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 42 Disordered eating 43 Reported suicidal thoughts and attempts 44 ADV and increased participation in health risk behaviours 45 Longitudinal studies (smoking, alcohol and drug use) 46 Sexual risk 48 Subsequent victimisation 49 Summary and conclusions 50 3 Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Dating Violence 52 Introduction 52 Risk, protective and promotive factors 53 Organising framework 53 Macrosystem 54 Exosystem 54 Microsystem 54 Ontogenetic system 55 The evidence base 55 General observations 56 Risk factors for ADV perpetration 65 Protective factors 68 Risk factors for ADV victimisation 69 Protective factors 71 Summary and conclusions 71 4 Issues in Adolescent Dating Violence Risk Assessment 73 Introduction 73 What do we mean by risk assessment? 74 Should we assess ADV risk in adolescents? 74 Considerations in the assessment of ADV risk 75 Approaches to risk assessment 78 First generation: clinical judgement 79 Second generation: actuarial assessments 79 Third generation: structured clinical or professional judgement 80 Tools for assessing violence risk among adolescents 80 EARL- 20B/21G 81 Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth 81 The Spousal Assault Risk Assessment 83 Contents ix How well can we assess risk of adolescent dating violence? 87 Summary and conclusions 94 5 What Works When Intervening in Adolescent Relationship Violence? 96 Introduction 96 Background 97 Summary of the content delivery and success of interventions 98 Setting and target populations 98 Intervention theories and targets 98 Delivery of interventions 118 Intervention outcomes 119 Methodological issues 121 Summary and conclusions 122 6 A Framework for Intervention Development 123 The Intervention Mapping Model 123 IM Step 1: Needs assessment 124 Conducting a needs analysis 126 IM Step 2: Preparing matrices of change objectives 129 IM Step 3: Selecting behaviour-change techniques 136 IM Step 4: Producing programme components and materials 137 IM Steps 5 & 6: Adoption and implementation plan and evaluation plan 140 Summary and conclusions 141 7 A Framework for Evaluating Interventions for Adolescent Dating Violence 143 Why evaluate? 143 What should be evaluated? 144 Which evaluation questions should be asked? 144 Assessing programme need 145 Assessing programme theory 146 Assessing programme process 147 Assessing programme outcomes 149 Summary and conclusions 156 8 Drawing It All Together: A Research and Practice Agenda 157 Introduction 157 A research agenda 157 Issues of measurement 157 Issues of research methodology 160
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