The Psychology of Judicial Decision Making PDF
Preview The Psychology of Judicial Decision Making
ThePsychologyofJudicialDecisionMaking AmericanPsychology-LawSocietySeries SeriesEditor RonaldRoesch EditorialBoard GailS.Goodman ThomasGrisso CraigHaney KirkHeilbrun JohnMonahan MarleneMoretti EdwardP.Mulvey J.DonRead N.DickonReppucci GaryL.Wells LawrenceS.Wrightsman PatriciaA.Zapf BooksintheSeries TrialConsulting AmyJ.PoseyandLawrenceS.Wrightsman DeathbyDesign CraigHaney PsychologicalInjuries WilliamJ.Koch,KevinS.Douglas,ToniaL.Nicholls,andMelanieL.O’Neill EmergencyDepartmentTreatmentofthePsychiatricPatient SusanStefan ThePsychologyoftheSupremeCourt LawrenceS.Wrightsman ProvingtheUnprovable ChristopherSlobogin Adolescents,Media,andtheLaw RogerJ.R.Levesque OralArgumentsBeforetheSupremeCourt LawrenceS.Wrightsman GodintheCourtroom BrianH.BornsteinandMonicaK.Miller ExpertTestimonyonthePsychologyofEyewitnessIdentification EditedbyBrianL.Cutler ThePsychologyofJudicialDecisionMaking DavidKleinandGregoryMitchell The Psychology of Judicial Decision Making Edited by David Klein Gregory Mitchell 1 2010 1 OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurther OxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellence inresearch,scholarship,andeducation. Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright(cid:1)2010byOxfordUniversityPress. PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016 www.oup.com OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Thepsychologyofjudicialdecisionmaking/editedbyDavidKlein,GregoryMitchell. p. cm.—(AmericanPsychology-LawSocietyseries) Includesbibliographicalreferences. ISBN978-0-19-536758-4 1. Judicialprocess—UnitedStates—Psychologicalaspects. I. Klein,DavidE.,1970– II. Mitchell,Gregory,J.D. KF8775.P782010 347.73014019—dc22 2009023896 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper Series Foreword This book series is sponsored by the American Psychology-Law Society (APLS). APLS is an interdisciplinary organization devoted to scholarship, practice,andpublicserviceinpsychologyandlaw.Itsgoalsincludeadvancing thecontributionsofpsychologytotheunderstandingoflawandlegalinstitu- tions through basic and applied research; promoting the education of psychologistsinmattersoflawandtheeducationoflegalpersonnelinmatters of psychology; and informing the psychological and legal communities and thegeneralpublicofcurrentresearch,educational,andserviceactivitiesinthe field of psychologyand law. APLSmembership includespsychologists from theacademicresearchandclinicalpracticecommunitiesaswellasmembers ofthelegalcommunity.Researchandpracticeisrepresentedinboththecivil and criminal legal arenas. APLS has chosen Oxford University Press as a strategicpartner becauseofitscommitmenttoscholarship,quality,andthe international dissemination of ideas. These strengths will help APLS reach our goal of educating the psychology and legal professions and the general publicaboutimportantdevelopmentsinpsychologyandlaw.Thefocusofthe bookseriesreflectsthediversityofthefieldofpsychologyandlawaswewill publishbooksonabroadrangeoftopics. DavidKleinandGregoryMitchellaretheeditorsofthelatestbookinthe series,ThePsychologyofJudicialDecisionMaking.Thebookisaperfectfitfor thisseries,asitsintendedaudienceisstudentsandscholarsfrompsychology, law, and political science who are engaged—or may be encouraged to engage—in exploring the intersection of psychology and judicial behavior. v vi SeriesForeword Whilethebookisgroundedinpsychologicaltheoryandresearch,theeditors recognizethatthestudyofthebehaviorofjudgesiscomplex,soboththeory and research would be enhanced through debate and discussion by contri- butorsfrommanyprofessionalbackgrounds.Toaccomplishtheirgoal,Klein and Mitchell assembled an impressive interdisciplinary group representing law, political science, and, of course, psychology. This group first came togetherataconferenceinVirginia,wheretheparticipantshadanopportu- nity to share and critique each other’s ideas. Klein and Mitchell had a forward-looking perspective, astheywantedthebookto provide anagenda for future research rather than a review of prior studies of judicial decision making.Thecontributorswereaskedtoidentifytheories,concepts,orfind- ingsfrompsychologythatcouldusefullybeincorporatedintothinkingabout how judges make decisions, and describe new research questions and the accompanying methodologytotesthypothesesgenerated from thisprocess. Having worked in an interdisciplinary faculty for a few years early in my career,Iappreciatethatbringingtogetheraninterdisciplinarygroupdoesnot easilyresultinincreasedcollaborations.Eachdisciplinehasitsowntraditions and approaches to scholarship, and the interdisciplinary boundaries often seeminsurmountable.Astheeditorsnoteintheirintroduction,examplesof other disciplines drawing on psychology to inform the study of judicial decision making are rare. That the participants in the Klein and Mitchell projectwereabletoovercometheseinterdisciplinarybarriersisanimpressive achievement. Klein and Mitchell wanted a book that would encourage stu- dentsofjudicialbehaviortoincorporatepsychologyintotheirworkandalso persuade psychologists and other students of decision making to pay more attentiontothedecision-makingprocessusedbyjudges.Thisbookservesthis purposewell. RonaldRoesch SeriesEditor Contents SeriesForeword v Contributors ix Introduction xi PartI.JudgesandHumanBehavior 1 MotivationandJudicialBehavior:ExpandingtheScopeofInquiry 3 LawrenceBaum 2 MultipleConstraintSatisfactioninJudging 27 JenniferK.Robbennolt,RobertJ.MacCoun,andJohnM.Darley 3 Top-DownandBottom-UpModelsofJudicialReasoning 41 BrandonL.Bartels 4 PersuasionintheDecisionMakingofU.S.SupremeCourtJustices 57 LawrenceS.Wrightsman 5 JudgesasMembersofSmallGroups 73 WendyL.Martinek 6 TheSupremeCourt,SocialPsychology,andGroupFormation 85 NealDevinsandWillFederspiel vii viii Contents PartII.JudgingasSpecializedActivity 7 IsThereaPsychologyofJudging? 103 FrederickSchauer 8 FeaturesofJudicialReasoning 121 EmilySherwin 9 InPraiseofPedanticEclecticism:PitfallsandOpportunitiesinthe PsychologyofJudging 131 DanSimon 10 Judges,Expertise,andAnalogy 149 BarbaraA.Spellman 11 ThresholdsforActioninJudicialDecisions 165 LenDalgleish,JamesShanteau,andAprilPark 12 EveryJuryTrialIsaBenchTrial:JudicialEngineeringofJury Disputes 183 C.K.Rowland,TinaTraficanti,andErinVernon 13 SearchingforConstraintinLegalDecisionMaking 203 EileenBraman PartIII.EvaluatingandImprovingJudging 14 EvaluatingJudges 221 GregoryMitchell 15 DefiningGoodJudging 249 AndrewJ.Wistrich 16 ExpertiseofCourtJudges 269 JamesShanteauandLenDalgleish 17 CognitiveStyleandJudging 279 GregoryMitchellandPhilipE.Tetlock 18 BuildingaBetterJudiciary 285 DanielA.FarberandSuzannaSherry References 297 Index 335 Contributors BrandonL.Bartels DavidKlein AssistantProfessorofPolitical AssociateProfessorofPolitics Science UniversityofVirginia GeorgeWashingtonUniversity RobertJ.MacCoun LawrenceBaum ProfessorofLawandPublicPolicy, ProfessorofPoliticalScience UC-Berkeley TheOhioStateUniversity WendyL.Martinek EileenBraman AssociateProfessorofPolitical AssistantProfessorofPolitical Science Science BinghamtonUniversity IndianaUniversity GregoryMitchell LenDalgleish DanielCaplinProfessorofLaw ProfessorofDecisionMaking UniversityofVirginia UniversityofStirling,and headoftheDecisionMaking AprilPark programofHealthQwest Ph.D.CandidateinPsychology KansasStateUniversity JohnM.Darley WarrenProfessorofPsychology JenniferK.Robbennolt PrincetonUniversity ProfessorofLawandPsychology UniversityofIllinois NealDevins GoodrichProfessorofLawand C.K.Rowland ProfessorofGovernment ProfessorEmeritusofPolitical CollegeofWilliamandMary ScienceatKansasUniversityand DanielA.Farber Founder ShoSatoProfessorofLaw LitigationInsights BoaltHall FrederickSchauer UC-Berkeley DavidandMaryHarrison WillFederspiel DistinguishedProfessorofLaw AssociateatMcGuireWoods UniversityofVirginia ix
The list of books you might like
