The psychology of gender and health : conceptual and applied global concerns PDF
Preview The psychology of gender and health : conceptual and applied global concerns
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GENDER AND HEALTH This page intentionally left blank THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GENDER AND HEALTH CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED GLOBAL CONCERNS Edited by M. P S -l ilar ánchez óPez r M. l -G oSa iMiñana raS AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, United States 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-12-803864-2 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/ Publisher: Nikki Levy Acquisition Editor: Emily Ekle Editorial Project Manager: Timothy Bennett Production Project Manager: Nicky Carter Designer: Mark Rogers Typeset by TNQ Books and Journals Cover Image: Hygeia, the daughter of the god of medicine, Asclepius. Hygeia was the goddess/ personification of health and prevention of illness, cleanliness, and hygiene. She was represented as a young woman feeding a large snake coiled around her body. The snake was a beneficial and enlightening character in cultures of old. An animal between two worlds, it was able to live underground and to shed its skin. For Greeks, descent into the underworld (below consciousness and what is visible) is essential in obtaining a cure—one must descend to see what is happening there, to find the cure, with a fresh skin. Like the snake. Applying the gender perspective to health is also a descent, in some ways, below what is visible. We obtain a “fresh skin”, that enables us to better understand the importance of gender as a determining factor for health, and the need to include gender-related variables in order to correctly assess the set of causes that produce differences in health. Hygeia feeding a snake is particularly associated with the aim of this book. Contents Contributors ix Foreword xi LONDA SCHIEBINGER 1. Health From a Gender Perspective: The State of the Art M. PILAR SÁNCHEZ-LÓPEZ AND ROSA M. LIMIÑANA-GRAS Determinants of Health 2 The Sex/Gender System 4 The Gender Perspective in Health: Integration of Sex and Gender in the Analysis and Research of Health 10 Incorporation of the Gender Perspective to Interventions in Health 29 Book Preview 38 References 43 I CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES FOR GENDER AND HEALTH 2. Gender-Based Perspectives About Women’s and Men’s Health JUAN F. DÍAZ-MORALES Gender and Health 55 Sex and Health Studies 58 Approaches of Gender as a Determinant of Health 68 Gender Self-Categorization and Gender Beliefs 71 Gender Perspectives About Health: Common Aspects 76 Acknowledgments 78 References 78 3. The Health Gender Gap: A Constrained Choice Explanation PATRICIA P. RIEKER AND JENNAN G. READ The Health Gender Gap in Global Perspective 88 Constrained Choices: A New Approach to Health Disparities 97 The Constrained Choice Framework and Processes 98 Applications of Constrained Choice 105 v vi CONTENTS Future Challenges for Constrained Choice 110 References 113 4. Masculinities and Health: Whose Identities, Whose Constructions? CHRIS MCVITTIE, JULIE HEPWORTH AND KAREN GOODALL Hegemonic Masculinity 121 The Limitations of Hegemonic Masculinity 124 Masculinities Reconsidered 127 Conclusion 136 References 137 Note on Transcription Notation 140 5. Transgender, Sexual Orientation, and Health MARTA E. APARICIO-GARCÍA Common Meanings: Gender, Self-Identity, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation 144 Health in Transgender People 149 Conclusion 164 References 165 II CLINICAL AND HEALTH CONTEXTS 6. “He’s More Typically Female Because He’s Not Afraid to Cry”: Connecting Heterosexual Gender Relations and Men’s Depression JOHN L. OLIFFE, MARY T. KELLY, JOAN L. BOTTORFF, JOY L. JOHNSON AND SABRINA T. WONG Masculinities and Men’s Depression 178 Heterosexual Gender Relations, Health, and Illness 179 Theoretical Underpinnings of Gender Relations 180 An Empirical Study 181 Conclusion 195 References 195 7. Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Prevention and Intervention Strategies in Spain ROSA M. PATRÓ-HERNÁNDEZ An International Framework for Violence Against Women 200 The Magnitude of the Problem: Global and National Prevalence Estimates of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women 204 CONTENTS vii The Severity of the Effects: Consequences of Violence on Women’s Health 208 Approaches to Gender-Based Violence 211 Strategies for Primary and Secondary Prevention 215 Intervention Strategies 219 Psychological Intervention With Victims and Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women 222 References 227 8. Examining Migrants’ Health From a Gender Perspective ANDREEA C. BRABETE Situating European Migration 231 Women in Migration Studies From a Gender Perspective 233 The Healthy Immigrant Effect 235 Migrants’ Health From a Gender Perspective 236 Acculturative Stress and Its Impact on Health: Elements for a Psychological Intervention With Migrants 239 Health Care: Barriers to Services and Health Programs 241 Intersectionality: A Necessity When Studying Migrants’ Health 244 References 245 9. An Integrity Model, Existential Perspective in Clinical Work With Men From a Gender and Health Perspective NEDRA R. LANDER AND DANIELLE NAHON Challenging the Myth of the Emotionally Defective Male 253 The Integrity Model in Working With Men: A Historical and Health Promotion Perspective 255 Theoretical Underpinnings: The Integrity Model 258 The Integrity Model: An Existential Perspective in Working With Men 259 Working With Men: Case Example 264 Conclusions 267 References 270 10. Contributions of Gender Perspective to HIV Infection ISABEL CUÉLLAR-FLORES Genealogy of an Epidemic 275 Epidemiology and Distribution by Sex 277 Gender Inequalities in HIV 280 Sex and Gender Determinants in HIV 282 Contributions of Gender Perspective to HIV Prevention 286 Contributions of Gender Perspective to HIV Interventions 290 Psychology, Gender, and Pediatric HIV: Contributions From Clinical Practice 293 Conclusions 300 References 300 viii CONTENTS 11. Breastfeeding and Health: A Gender Perspective LUCIA COLODRO-CONDE A Historical Perspective of Breastfeeding 309 Breastfeeding as a Biopsychosocial Phenomenon 313 Femininity, Motherhood, and Breastfeeding 318 Breastfeeding, Health, and Gender 321 Psychological Interventions in Breastfeeding 328 Acknowledgment 334 References 334 12. Mainstreaming Gender Equality to Improve Women’s Mental Health in England KAREN NEWBIGGING Psychology, Psychiatry, and Women’s Mental Health 345 The Case for Mainstreaming in Mental Health 346 Mainstreaming as a Potential Remedy 347 Mainstreaming in Practice 350 Revisiting Mainstreaming in Mental Health 356 Conclusions: Implications for Psychiatry and Psychology 357 References 358 13. Health and Gender Perspective in Infertility ROSA M. LIMIÑANA-GRAS Infertility and Its Treatment 364 Health and Gender Determinants in Infertility 372 Health and Gender Differences in Infertility 382 Infertility in Reproductive Psychology: A Gender Perspective 388 References 393 14. Epilogue JOAN C. CHRISLER Topics to Discuss in a Health Psychology Course 402 Conclusion 404 References 404 Index 407 Contributors Marta E. Aparicio-García Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Joan L. Bottorff University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Andreea C. Brabete Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada Joan C. Chrisler Connecticut College, New London, CT, United States Lucia Colodro-Conde QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Isabel Cuéllar-Flores CoRISpe (National Cohort of Pediatric Patients with HIV Infection of Madrid), Spain; EPSY (Research Group of Psychological Styles, Gender and Health), Spain; Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain Juan F. Díaz-Morales Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Karen Goodall University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Julie Hepworth Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Joy L. Johnson Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada Mary T. Kelly University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Nedra R. Lander University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Rosa M. Limiñana-Gras University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain Chris McVittie Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom Danielle Nahon University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Karen Newbigging University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom John L. Oliffe University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Rosa M. Patró-Hernández University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain Jennan G. Read Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Patricia P. Rieker Boston University, Boston, MA, United States M. Pilar Sánchez-López Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Londa Schiebinger Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States Sabrina T. Wong University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada ix
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