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The Psychology of Dictatorship PDF

256 Pages·2013·2.339 MB·English
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The Psychology of D ictatorship 13191-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 2 2/11/13 1:41 PM The Psycholog y of D ictatorship Fathali M. MoghaddaM A M E R I C A N P S Y C H O L O G I C A L A S S O C I AT I O N WA S H I N G T O N, D C Copyright © 2013 by the American Psychological Association. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, including, but not limited to, the process of scanning and digitization, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by To order American Psychological Association APA Order Department 750 First Street, NE P.O. Box 92984 Washington, DC 20002 Washington, DC 20090-2984 www.apa.org Tel: (800) 374-2721; Direct: (202) 336-5510 Fax: (202) 336-5502; TDD/TTY: (202) 336-6123 Online: www.apa.org/pubs/books E-mail: [email protected] In the U.K., Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, copies may be ordered from American Psychological Association 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden, London WC2E 8LU England Typeset in Goudy by Circle Graphics, Inc., Columbia, MD Printer: Maple Press, York, PA Cover Designer: Berg Design, Albany, NY The opinions and statements published are the responsibility of the authors, and such opinions and statements do not necessarily represent the policies of the American Psychological Association. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Moghaddam, Fathali M., author. The psychology of dictatorship / Fathali M. Moghaddam. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4338-1298-9 ISBN-10: 1-4338-1298-3 1. Dictatorship. 2. Psychology. I. Title. JC495.M583 2013 321.901'9—dc23 2012039115 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library. Printed in the United States of America First Edition http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14138-000 13191-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 4 2/11/13 1:41 PM To the memory of my mother and father, and to the countless other women and men forced to live in dictatorships but who in their hearts keep alive and pass on the torch of freedom. 13191-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 5 2/11/13 1:41 PM 13191-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 6 2/11/13 1:41 PM CONTENTS Acknowledgments ...................................................................................... ix Introduction ................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 1. P sychology and Dictatorship: The Historic and Contemporary Challenge ........................................ 11 I. Psychology and the Springboard Model of Dictatorship .................. 35 Chapter 2. E xplaining Dictatorship: What Kind of Psychological Science Is Needed? .............................. 37 Chapter 3. The Springboard Model of Dictatorship ........................ 53 II. Psychological Processes in Dictatorship: The Historical Context ...... 85 Chapter 4. S acred Carriers and Narratives: The Puzzle of Continuity in Dictatorships ....................................... 87 Chapter 5. D ictatorship, Displacement of Aggression, and Group Cohesion .................................................... 105 vii 13191-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 7 2/11/13 1:41 PM Chapter 6. C onformity, Obedience, and Behavior Regulation ......... 123 Chapter 7. F rom Torture to Cognitive Dissonance: Varieties of Coercion in Dictatorship ......................................... 141 Chapter 8. Leadership and Dictatorship ........................................ 159 Chapter 9. Cognition and Action Supportive of Dictatorship ......... 183 Chapter 10. The Future of Dictatorship and Democracy................. 197 References ................................................................................................ 217 Index ........................................................................................................ 243 About the Author .................................................................................... 255 viii contents 13191-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 8 2/11/13 1:41 PM ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I want to acknowledge my deep debt to Rom Harré in his role as friend, colleague, mentor; Chaucer, who knew Rom personally, wrote a timeless description of him as the Clerk of Oxford: “And gladly wolde he lerne, and gladly teche.” Over the years a number of friends and colleagues have, often unwit- tingly and perhaps even unwillingly, helped me move this project forward by talking to me about, or demonstrating for me, the dangers of dictatorship and the merits of the open society. These helpers include Don Taylor, Bill Bryson, Jim Lamiell, Steve Sabat, Jim Breckenridge, John Lavelle, and Phil Zimbardo. I am very grateful to a number of people at the American Psychological Association, particularly Maureen Adams for her patient guidance and support throughout the publication process as well as Tyler Aune and Peter Pavilionis, who provided invaluable feedback in the final shaping of this book. A number of anonymous reviewers have also influenced and improved this book from the book proposal stage to the final version, and I hope they get to read this and accept my sincere thanks. ix 13191-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 9 2/11/13 1:41 PM 13191-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 10 2/11/13 1:41 PM

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