Hashim Talib Hashim Athanasios Alexiou Editors The Psychology of Anger The Psychology of Anger Hashim Talib Hashim • Athanasios Alexiou Editors The Psychology of Anger Editors Hashim Talib Hashim Athanasios Alexiou College of Medicine Department of Science and Engineering University of Baghdad Novel Global Community Educational Baghdad, Iraq Foundation Hebersham, NSW, Australia ISBN 978-3-031-16604-4 ISBN 978-3-031-16605-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16605-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland I want to dedicate this book to my family: my great father (Talib Hashim Manea), my great mother (Jawaher Mutar Mohammed), my great grandmothers and for the souls of my grandfathers. I want to dedicate it to my younger brother, my partner and supporter. The one who always stands for me and pushes me to do more: Ali Talib Hashim. I want to dedicate to my brother: Mustafa Talib Hashim. He is the one who never says no to me, always goes with me wherever and whenever I want. Also to his wife: Zainab Ammar and his great daughter: Razan Mustafa. I want also to dedicate it to my only sister in this world: Noor Al-huda Talib Hashim. Wishing her all the best in her life and future. Finally, to my little brothers: Mojtaba Talib Hashim, Hussein Talib Hashim, Murtadha Talib Hashim. Wishing them all the best and a bright future. Foreword As it is very efficiently attributed in the book The Psychology of Anger, anger has been a fundamental element of the human personality since ancient times. Everyone can be angry. Often, this anger is a way of protecting from other primal emotions we cannot manage, such as frustration, rejection, exhaustion, worry, and guilt (Bushman et al., 1999). Although anger is not always associated with aggression, its effects on the human body can be unpleasant. The Psychology of Anger describes the origin and the causes of anger, describing the classification of anger types according to American Psychological Association (Calvert et al. 2017). The book offers the specialized professionals and the general audience a systematic review of anger in the emotional cycle from the early BC years and the Book of Rites to the latest Basic Emotion Theories that include anger and rage (Izard, 2007; Rodriguez et al., 2014). The authors reveal the variety of causes that can trigger this angry behavior and lead to the loss of the ability to self- monitor and objectively observe the current personal and social environment. In addition, they identify the neuroscience of anger and the brain regions controlling emotions and alterations in normal behavior. Covering a broad range of topics, The Psychology of Anger combines the histori- cal, social, and philosophical inquiry of anger with the several risk behaviors which may act as causes or causative to the development of severe health issues. The Psychology of Anger must be recognized as a reference book for students, medical doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists, and neuroscientists, offering a holistic approach to the effective management of anger as a humanistic phenomenon inex- tricably linked to human temperament. Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Ghulam Md Ashraf Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia vii viii Foreword References Bushman B, Baumeister RF, Stack AD (1999) Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies? J Pers Soc Psychol 76(3): 367–376 Calvert SL, et al (2017) The American Psychological Association Task Force assessment of violent video games: science in the service of public interest. Am Psychol 72(2):126 Izard CE (2007) Basic emotions, natural kinds, emotion schemas, and a new paradigm. Perspect Psychol Sci 2:260–280 Rodriguez L, Ramos F (2014) Development of computational models of emotions for autonomous agents. Cogn Comput 6(3): 351 Preface This book discusses about anger in psychology, its mechanisms, predisposing fac- tors, precipitating factors, its impacts on the brain structure and function on one end and human physical health on the other, and its prevention methods. This is a research book which presents anger in a new, modern, and educational way of writing. It presents a mathematical expression for the law (Angers’ laws) in a way to understand the anger before it truly occurs and to control the anger and prevent its occurrence. This book describes anger from A to Z, how it develops, what makes it virulent, and how to control it, and the most important aim of the book is how to predict it before it happens. The book is highly specialized in anger and anger’s manner, its differences between people and races, its historical origin and theories that mostly described it, and how they are aligned with modern psychology and neurosciences. Moreover, the book described the predictive changes in brain and effects on the human body that can be attributed to the anger and its sequels. It is the first book that talks about anger in detail, and there is no book that talks independently about this topic. It is—to our knowledge—the first book that vastly focuses on all aspects of anger, emerging from the significant need to fill a defect in the related resource map and incorporate meaningful updates regarding all aspects of the anger theory and practice. Baghdad, Iraq Hashim Talib Hashim Hebersham, NSW, Australia Athanasios Alexiou 27 July 2022, Wednesday ix Acknowledgments We want to thank those people who helped us during the journey of writing this book: Mustafa Ahmed Muhson, Yehya Zia Tuama, Zanyar Qais, Ahmed Dhiya Sagban, Shoaib Ahmed, Mohammed Yasir Essar, Christos Tsagkaris, Ali Mahdi Mansour, Mojtaba Talib, Mohammed Qasim Mohammed, Ahed El Abed El Rassoul, Abbas Kamil, Abbas Mutar, Mohammed Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Sarmed Kadhem, Zain AL Saleh, Abdallah Reda, Nazmus Sakib Choudhary. xi