The psychology of adversity PDF
Preview The psychology of adversity
title: The Psychology of Adversity author: Feldman, Robert S. publisher: University of Massachusetts Press isbn10 | asin: 1558490361 print isbn13: 9781558490369 ebook isbn13: 9780585222950 language: English Social problems--Psychological aspects, subject Life cycle, Human, Life change events. publication date: 1996 lcc: HN16.P78 1996eb ddc: 361.1 Social problems--Psychological aspects, subject: Life cycle, Human, Life change events. Page iii The Psychology of Adversity Edited by Robert S. Feldman Page iv Copyright © 1996 by The University of Massachusetts Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America LC 95-46886 ISBN 1-55849-036-I Designed by Milenda Nan Ok Lee Set in Bembo by dix! Printed and bound by Thomson-Shore, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The psychology of adversity / edited by Robert S. Feldman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN I-55849-036-I (cloth : alk. paper) I. Social problemsPsychological aspects. 2. Life cycle, Human. 3. Life change events. I. Feldman, Robert S. (Robert Stephen), 1947- HN16.P78 1996 361.1dc20 95-46886 CIP British Library Cataloguing in Publication data are available. Page v CONTENTS Introduction vii Acknowledgments xi Part 1 Adversity in Infancy and Early Childhood One 3 Adversity in the Newborn Infant: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Jerrold S. Meyer, Mark Mirochnick, Deborah A. Frank, and Barry S. Zuckerman Two 23 Functional Encopresis: Treatment and Management Martin H. Young, Lynn C. Brennan, Robert D. Baker, and Susan S. Baker Part 2 Adversity in Middle Childhood and Adolescence Three 45 Physical Health Problems in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Lynn Tondat Carter, Laura Costa, and John K. Conboy Four 63 Preschool Children with Autism: Current Conceptionalizations and Best Practices Frank R. Robbins, Susan Giordano, Susan Rhoads, and Robert S. Feldman Five 91 Adolescent Suicide: One Response to Adversity Jill Rierdan Six 115 Altruism and Aggression in Children and Youth: Origins and Cures Ervin Staub Page vi Part 3 Adversity in Adulthood Seven 147 Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Diagnostic and Treatment Challenge Richard P. Halgin and Jeanine M. Vivona Eight 161 Adversity in the Lives of the Elderly Susan Krauss Whitbourne, Michelle Jacobo, and Maria- Teresa Muñoz-Ruiz Nine 183 Biological Factors in Relationship Aggression Paul Gearan and Alan Rosenbaum Ten 199 Adverse (and Beneficial) Consequences of Impulsive Behavior Scott J. Dickman Part 4 Adversity in the Broader Society Eleven 219 Transforming the Psychology of Risk: From Social Perception to the Geography of Communities Linda Silka Twelve 241 Social Class and the Dimensions of Family Support for Education Richard L. Ochberg and Lance A. Chapman Thirteen 253 The Role of Gender and Organizational Context in the Experience of Adversity: Sexual Harassment as a Case Example Charlotte Mandell, Anne Mulvey, and Meg A. Bond Notes on Contributors 273 Index 279 Page vii INTRODUCTION It is hard to escape from accounts of adversity in today's world. As I write this, the first page of the daily newspaper sitting on the corner of my desk reveals articles about ethnic conflict, fraud, an epidemic, and youth violence. Inside the paper are accounts of other forms of adversity which, although less sensational, still produce unfortunate results to the people involved. Although identifying various types of adversity is an easy task, finding solutions for them is considerably more difficult. Indeed, the problems of the world defy easy solution, requiring an understanding of how various types of adversity arise and how they are perpetuated. This volume is designed to highlight the range of approaches to adversity taken by faculty affiliated with the Departments of Psychology at the campuses of the University of Massachusetts. The book, which evolved from a conference in Boston at which the authors discussed theory, research, and applications relating to the topic of psychological adversity, has three specific goals. First, it is designed to demonstrate how theory and research formulated within the discipline of psychology can help society deal with its major problems. Second, it is meant to illustrate how such psychological theory and research produces practical solutions to difficult problems. The final goal is to illustrate the range of studies being conducted by psychologists who are working in the area of human adversity. Although the chapters are by no means exhaustive in terms of covering the range of human adversity, which could hardly be covered in any single volume, the book does present a sampling of approaches taken by psychologists who are focusing on the types of adversity that afflict the human condition. Page viii To accomplish these goals, this volume is divided into four parts. Part I focuses on adversity in infancy and early childhood. In chapter I, Meyer, Mirochnick, Frank, and Zuckerman seek to separate fact from fiction on the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on newborn infantsan issue popularized by the media. Based on a review of the literature and their own experimental work, the authors conclude that the widespread presence of "crack babies" who are neurologically impaired due to their mothers' use of cocaine is far, from proven. Instead, they suggest that the central problem may lie not in mothers' cocaine use per se but in their lack of general health care during pregnancy and the inadequate care they provide their children after birth. In chapter 2, Young, Brennan, Baker, and Baker examine a surprisingly common, although often undiscussed, problem of encopresis, inappropriate fecal soiling that occurs past the age of 4. The authors describe an evaluation of a promising program for dealing with encopresis as well as the behavioral and social problems that often accompany the disorder. Part 2 of the book focuses on adversity in middle childhood and adolescence. Carter, Costa, and Conboy's chapter (chapter 3) addresses the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and physical health problems. The discussion of their research shows that children diagnosed with ADHD are at increased risk for a variety of chronic health problems. The authors suggest guidelines for the treatment and prevention of such health difficulties. In chapter 4, Robbins, Giordano, Hildebrand, and Feldman consider the schooling of children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Describing work conducted in a university preschool, the authors examine techniques for increasing the level of functioning in
The list of books you might like
