The Psychology Major's Handbook

257 Pages·2011·3.398 MB·English

by  Tara L. Kuther

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The Psychology
Major’s Handbook
THIRD EDITION
Tara L. Kuther
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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The Psychology Major’s © 2012, 2006 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Handbook, Third Edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the
Tara L. Kuther
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Dedication
To FF and the Zoo
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eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights
restrictions require it.
Brief Contents
Chapter 1
What Is Psychology?
Chapter 2
Choosing a Major: Is Psychology for You?
Chapter 3
Take an Active Role in Your Education
Chapter 4
Study Tips: Tools for Academic Success
Chapter 5
Writing a Literature Review
Chapter 6
Writing an Empirical Paper
Chapter 7
What Can I Do with a Bachelor’s Degree in
Psychology?
Chapter 8
Finding a Job with Your Bachelor’s Degree
Chapter 9
What Can I Do with a Graduate Degree in
Psychology?
Chapter 10
Applying to Graduate School in Psychology
iv
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eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights
restrictions require it.
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Dear Student xviii
Chapter 1
What Is Psychology? 1
Chapter Outline 1
Psychology’s Breadth 2
Clinical Psychology 3
Counseling Psychology 4
Developmental Psychology 4
Educational Psychology 5
Experimental Psychology 5
Forensic Psychology 5
Health Psychology 5
Human Factors Psychology 6
Industrial-Organizational Psychology 6
Neuropsychology 6
Quantitative Psychology and Psychometrics 6
Social Psychology 7
School Psychology 7
• Exercise 1.1: Psychology in the Media 7
Academic Degrees 8
Ethics and Psychology 9
Ethical Dilemmas Experienced by Psychologists 9
Ethics and You 10
• Exercise 1.2: Can You Identify Academic Dishonesty? 11
• Exercise 1.3: Internet Scavenger Hunt 13
Overview of The Psychology Major’s Handbook 13
Suggested Readings 14
Internet Resources 14
About Psychology 14
v
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eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights
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vi CONTENTS
Psychology: Scientifi c Problem Solvers . . . Careers
for the Twenty-First Century 14
Psych Web 14
Classics in the History of Psychology 14
Psi Chi: The International Honor Society in Psychology 15
Chapter 2
Choosing a Major: Is Psychology for You? 16
Chapter Outline 16
What Do You Learn in College? 17
What a Liberal Arts Degree Imparts 18
Why Major in Psychology? 20
Choosing a Major 22
Become Informed 22
Know Yourself: Write 24
Learn About Yourself Through Self-Assessment 27
• Exercise 2.1: Assess Your Personality Traits 28
• Exercise 2.2: Identify Your Holland Personality Type (Holland, 1959) 30
• Exercise 2.3: Assess Your Skills 34
• Exercise 2.4: Values (Anderson 2006) 37
Choosing Psychology 39
Suggested Readings 43
Internet Resources 43
Career Assessment 43
Self-Directed Search 43
About Web Logs 43
Career Key 43
Journal Exercises 44
My Questions 44
Journal Refl ection 44
Life’s Pleasures 44
Why College? 44
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or
eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights
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CONTENTS vii
Chapter 3
Take an Active Role in Your Education 45
Chapter Outline 45
Get an Advisor and Mentor 46
• Checklist 3.1: What Not to Do: Behaviors That Most Faculty Abhor
(Adapted from Keith-Spiegel & Wiederman, 2000) 48
Your Academic Advisor 49
• Checklist 3.2: Advising Checklist 49
Seek a Mentor 50
• Checklist 3.3: Choosing an Effective Mentor 52
Get Research Experience 53
Why Become a Research Assistant? 53
What Does a Research Assistant Do? 54
How Do You Become a Research Assistant? 55
Why Do Professors Seek Student Research Assistants? 56
• Exercise 3.1: Seek Out-of-Class Opportunities 57
Get Applied Experience 58
Get Teaching Experience 58
Get Field Experience 59
Get Involved in the Field 61
Disseminate Research 61
• Checklist 3.4: Checklist for Preparing Effective Paper Presentations 62
• Checklist 3.5: Tips for Preparing Effective Poster Presentations 63
Participate in Professional Organizations 67
• Exercise 3.2: Academic and Professional Organizations 68
Suggested Readings 69
Internet Resources 69
Academic Skills Center 69
APS Observer Student Notebook 69
Psi Chi 69
Becoming an Active Learner 69
Journal Exercises 70
My Advisor 70
Relationships with Faculty 70
Find a Mentor 70
My College Career 70
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or
eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights
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viii CONTENTS
Chapter 4
Study Tips: Tools for Academic Success 71
Chapter Outline 71
Are You Prepared to Succeed? 73
Evaluate Your Skills 73
• Exercise 4.1: Study Skills Assessment 73
Understand Your Use of Time 75
Plan Your Time 78
Create a Study Environment 81
Be Organized 83
Reading: Tips for Improving Comprehension and Effi ciency 84
Preview the Text 84
Use the SQ3R Method 84
More Tips on Reading 86
Getting the Most Out of Lectures: Note-Taking Tips 87
Come Prepared 87
Be Selective 87
Determine the Main Points 88
Understand the Mechanics of Note Taking 88
What If You Miss Class? 90
Test-Taking Tips 91
Prepare Ahead of Time 91
Preview Your Test: Read Everything 92
Multiple-Choice Tests 93
Essay Tests 94
General Suggestions for Test Taking 94
Learn from Returned Tests 95
Suggested Readings 96
Internet Resources 96
Study Tips 96
Interactive Study Tips 96
How to Study 96
Learning Strategies: Maximizing Your Academic Experience 96
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or
eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights
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CONTENTS ix
Journal Exercises 97
I’m at My Best When . . . 97
Analyzing My Time 97
Ideal Day 97
Evaluating Time Management Strategies 97
Chapter 5
Writing a Literature Review 98
Chapter Outline 98
What Is a Literature Review? 99
Select a Topic 100
Sources of Ideas for Paper Topics 101
Narrow Your Topic 103
• Exercise 5.1: Using PsycINFO 106
Choose an Appropriate Match to Your Abilities 107
Collect and Read Your Research Material 108
What Are Refereed Articles? 108
How to Read Scholarly Articles 109
How to Read Scholarly Books 110
Defi ne Your Purpose 111
Record Your Research: Take Notes 112
Take Notes 112
Avoid Plagiarism 113
• Exercise 5.2: Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism 115
Avoid the Easy (Dishonest) Way Out 116
Write Your Paper 116
Prepare an Outline 116
Write 117
Revise 118
• Checklist 5.1: Literature Review Checklist 119
Suggested Readings 120
Internet Resources 121
A Guide to Writing in Psychology 121
Writing the Literature Review 121
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or
eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights
restrictions require it.