The Pseudepigrapha and Apocrypha

832 Pages·2011·33.37 MB·English

by  Joseph B. Lumpkin

TheE ncyclopeodfiL ao satn dR ejectSecdr iptures:
TheP seudepigraapnhdAa p ocrypha
By JosepBh. L umpkin
The EncyclopoefLd oisaat n dR ejectedSc riptures
TheE ncyclopeodfiL ao satn dR ejectSecdr iptures:
TheP seudepigraapnhdAa p ocrypha
Copyrig©h 2t0 1J0o sepBh.L umpkin.
Allr ighrtess erved.
Printiendt heU niteSdt atoefsA mericaN.o parotf t hibso okm ayb eu sedo rr eproducienad n ym annewrh atsoevweirt hout
writtpeenr misseixocne pitnt hec asoef b rieqfu otations emibnoc driietdia cratli calnedsr eviews.
Firtsitm oer i nteresatuetdh orcso,n taFcitf tEhs tatPeu blishers,
PosOtf fiBcoex 1 16B,l ountsvAiLl 3l5e0,3 1.
FirsPtr intiFnegb rua2r0y1 0
CoveDre sigbny A n Quigley
Printoenda cid-fpraepee r
LibraorfyC ongreCsosn trNool: 2 010922309
ISBN13:9781933580913
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The EncyclopeodfLi oas atn dR ejectScerdi ptures
Tabloef C ontents
SectiOonne - LosStc riptuorfte hse O ldT estament
Introduction 5
FirBsoto ko fA dama ndE ve 9
SeconBdo oko fA dama ndE ve 41
FirBsoto ko fE noch 56
SeconBdo oko fE noch( SecroeftE sn och) 121
ThirBdo oko fE noch(H ebreEwn och) 142
Jubilees 175
Jasher 230
SectiTowno - ApocalypWtriict inagnsdt heE ndo fD ays
Introduction 379
ApocalyposfAe b raham 380
ApocalyposfTe h omas 393
2B aruch 397
WarS cro(lSlo nosf D arkv sS.o nso fL ight) 420
SectiTohnr e-eL osStc riptuorfte hse N ew Testament
Introduction 434
Gospeolf P hilip 446
Gospeolf M aryM agdalene 458
ApocryphoofnJ ohn 462
GospeolfT homas 472
GospeolfJ udas 493
ActCsh apte2r9 505
SectiFoonu -rT heL ifaen dT imeso fJ esus
Introduction 509
InfanGcoys peolf J ames 511
InfanGcoys peolf T homas 516
Lifoef J osepThh eC arpenter 520
LetteorfPs i late 526
Lifoef S ainIts sa 552
SectiFoinv -eT heA pocrypha
Introduction 567
1E sdras 573
2E sdras 583
1 Maccabees 605
2M accabees 630
3 Maccabees 648
4 Maccabees 656
Lett(eErp istolfJe e)r emiah 669
TheP rayeorfA zariah 671
1B aruch 673
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The EncyclopeodfLi oas atn dR ejectedSc riptures
PrayeorfM anasse(hM anassas) 677
Bela ndt heD ragon 678
Wisdomo fS irach 680
Wisdomo fS olomon 711
AdditiotnosE sther 724
Tobit 728
Judith 736
Susanna 748
Psalm1 51 750
1 Clement 751
ShepherodfH ermas 787
TheD idache 822
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The EncyclopeodfLi oas atn dR ejecteScdr iptures
INTRODUCTION
Thes tudoyf s criptisu rae l ifelvoenngt urMea.n yt imeosu rs earcfho rd eepeurn derstandofit nhgeh olyb ookl eadtso
questiboenyso ntdh eB ibliet seAlsfw .e encountreerf erentcose osc icaoln ditiocnusl,t uprraalc tiacnedse ,v eno thewrr itings
mentionweidt hitnh es criptuwree asr ec allteodi nvestigaantdee xpanodu rk nowledigneo rdetro f ullayp precitahtee
context, knobwalseeda,gn edc ultural signoifwf hiactai nsbc eei ntga ughTth.u st,o f ulluyn derstatnhdeB iblwee, are
necessadrrialwyn t os ourcoeusts idteh eB iblTeh.e sseo urcaedsd t ot heh istoriscoacli,ao lrt, h eologuincdaelr stanodfi ng
Biblical Atsio muervs i.e wb ecomemso rem acrocosmwiec s,e et hep anoramsiect tianngdf urther undersftualtnlrd u tthh e
withitnh es criptures.
Top oinuts t ot hes ourcwees s houlbdec oncernewdi thw,e mustk noww hicbho okwse rep opulaanrd i mportaanttt h et ime.
Theraer es everbaolo kmse ntioniendt heB iblweh,i cha ren oti ncludiendth e BiblTeh.e ya ren ots piritcuaanlo ne,i ther
becausteh eyw eren ota vailaabtlt eh et imeth e canowna so riginaaldloyp teodr,a tt het imet heyw eren otc onsidered
"inspirIendc .a"s ewsh eni nspirawtaisoq nu estionoende,c ouladr guteh aatn yb ookq uoteodrm entionbeyda p rophoerta n
apostslheo ulbdec onsidearses dp iritcuaanlo nu,n fortunathtiespl oys itwioonu ld provsei mtpoloi stic.
Booksa ndw ritincgasnf aluln derv ariocuast egorsiuecsha sc ivirle coradnsd l awsh,i stordioccaulm entosr,s piritual
writingAs c.i toyr s tatcee nsuissn oti nspirbeudti, tc ouladd di nsigihnttc oe rtaairne aosfl ifSep.i ritwurailt inwghsi cahr e
directly qiunto hteBe idb lsee rvaesi nsigihnttsto h eb elieoffts h ew ritoerrw hatw asc onsidered acbcyes potcaibealttety h e
timeA.s w itha nyn ewd iscovery, inovrbe enltiieofn,n,e wti hsei nterprbeatseedud p ont hes tructoufrw eha tc ameb efore.
Thiwsa st hew ayi nt hef ircsetn tuCrhyr istcihaunr cahsb eliewfesr eb aseudp ont heo ldJ ewisuhn derstandAilntgh.o ugh,
ones houlrde alipzaeg abne liewfesr ea lsaod dedt ot hec hurcahs n on-Jewpiosphu latiwoenrsec onvertberdi,n giwnigt h
themt hef oundatiooftn hse ibre lieofnws h icthh eiyn terpreted ChrIints hteci aasnoeif tyJ .u deJ,a mesP,a ula,n do thertsh,e
Jewispha swta sg iviwnagy t oth e Christpiraens ebnuttt heiurn derstanadnidnd go ctrinwee res tibleli nign fluenbcyew dh at
theyh adl earnaendd e xperienpcreedv iousIltby e.c omeosb vioutsh atto u nderstandB itbhloeen es houledn deavtoor
investitghaebt oeo kasn dd octrintehsa mto sti nfluentcheewd r iteorfts h e BiSbolmee.o ft hesdeo ctrienveosl vedb etcoo me
todayf'asi tSho.m ed ivergaenddc ompetaesdw itohr thoddooxc trionteh,es ri mplfya deadw ay.
TheD eadSe a Scrolflosu nidn t hec aveosfQ umrana reo fg reaitn terienst th ev entuorfec lariftyhiehn igs toarnydd octriinne
existebnectew eebni blitciamlea sn dt hef ixionfgc anonT.h es crowlelsr e peninnet dh es econcde ntuBr.yC . awnedr ei nu se
atl easutn tithle destrucotfit ohnes econd teimnp7 l0Ae . DS.i milsacrr oltloths o sef ounidn th e elevecna veosf Q umran
werea lsfoo unadt t heM asadsat ronghwohlidc fhe liln7 3A .DF.r agmenotfes v erbyo oko ft heO ldT estameenxtc epEts ther
weref ounidn t hec aveosfQ umranb,u ts ow erem anyo thebro oksS.o meo ft hesbeo okasr ec onsidetroeh da veb eeno fe qual
importaanncdei nfluetnoct eh ep eoploefQ umrana ndt ot hew ritearnsd s cholaorfts h et imeS.o meo ft hosset udyitnhge
scroflolusn idn Q umranw eret hew riteorfths e New Testament.
Knowintgh iosn,e m ighats kw hicohf t hed ozenosfn on-canonbiocoaklms o sti nfluentcheewd r iteorfts h eN ew Testament.
Iti sp ossibtloae s certtahieen x isteonfcc ee rtaiinnf luenwcietsh itnh eB iblceo ntebxytu sintgh eB ibliet seTlhfe.B iblcea n
direucstt oo thewro rkisn t hree wTahyesw .o rk cbaenm entionbeydn amea,s i sth e Booko fJ asheTrh.ew orkc anb eq uoted
withint heB ibltee xats,i st hec aswei tht heB ooko fE nochT.h ee xisteonfca e w orkc anb ea lludteoda, s i sth e casoef t he
missilnegt tferro mt hea postPlaeu tlo t heC orinthians.
Int hec asoef t hosbeo oknsa med tihneB ibloen,e c ans eatl isatst het itlaersen amedT.h el isits llengtthhaionen re m ighatt
first suspecotfth. e sMewo osrtk sh aven otb een fouSnodm.eh aveb eenu nearthbeudt thaeuitrh entiicsqi uteys tioned.
Otherhsa veb eenf ounda ndt hel inbke tweesnc riptaunrdes croilslg eneraalclcye pteFdo.l lowiisn ga lisotf b ooks
mentionientd h eH olyB ible.
TheB ooko fJ asheTrh:e raer et wor eferentcote hseb ooki nt heO ldT estament:
2 Samue1l: 1-8B eholidt,i sw rittiennt heB ooko fJ ashe"rS.ot hes uns toosdt ialnld"t hem oons toppeudn,t itlh en ations
avengetdh emselovfet sh eienre mies."
Joshu1a0 :1-3I si tn otw rittiennt heB ooko fJ asheArn?d t hes uns toppiednt hem iddloeft hes kya ndd idn oth astetnog o
downf oarb ouatw holdea y.
Theraer es everbaolo kwsh ichha vec omet ou se ntitl"eBdo,o okf J asheOrn.e"i sa ne thictarle atfirsoemt heM iddlAeg esI.t
beginwsi tahs ectioonnth e Mysteroyft heC reatiooftn h eW orldI:ti sc learulnyr elattoet dh eB ibliBcoaolko fJ asher.
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The EncyclopeodfLi oas t aRnedj ecteSdc riptures
Anothewra sp ublishiend1 829s upposedtlrya nslabtye Fdl accAulsb inuAsI cuinuIsto. p ensw itht heC hapte1r V ers1e
readin"gW:h ilietw ast heb eginnidnagr,k neosvse rspretahdef acoef n atureI.ti" sn owc onsidear feadk e.
Thet hiradn dm osti mportainsbt y M idrasfhi,r tsrta nslaitnetdEo n gliisnh1 840I.t o penwsi thC hapte1r V ers1e r eading:
"AndG ods aidL,e tu sm akem ani no uri magea,f teoru rl ikeneasnsd,G odc reatmeadn i nh iso wni mage.A" c omparisoofn
Joshu1a0 :1w3i thJ asher 88:a6n3d2- S6a4m 1.: 1w8i thJ ashe5r6 :m9a kesi tc leatrh atth iBso oko fJ asheartl easfto llocwlso se
enougwhi tht heB iblteob et heB ooko fJ asher mentiinot nheeBd i ble.
Othebro okmse ntionbeydn amei nt heB iblaer e:
1. TheB ooko fW arso ft heL ord":T herefiotir ses aiidn t heB ooko ft heW arso ft heL ord."�Nu2m1.: 14
2. TheA nnalosf J ehu":N owt her esotf t hea ctosf J ehoshaphfaitrt,so tl asbte,h olthde,y arew rittiennth e annalosf
Jehut hes ono fH anani, wihsir cehc ordiendt heB ooko fth e Kingosf I srae2l C.h"r onic2l0e:s3 4
3. Thet reatiosfet heB ooko ft heK ings":A st oh iss onsa ndt hem anyo raclaegsa inhsitm a ndt her ebuildoifnt gh e
houseo fG od, behold,a retw hreiyt tiennt het reatoifst eh e Booofkt he KinTghse.n A maziah shoinsb ecamek ingi nh is
place2. C"h ronic2l4e:s2 7
4. TheB ooko fR ecordBso,o ko ft heC hronicolfeA sh asueru"sN:o ww hent hep lowta si nvestigaantdef do undt ob e
so,the yw ere bohtahn geodn a gallowasn;di tw asw rittiennt heB ooko ft heC hronicinl etsh ek ingp'rse senc'e"". D"u ring
thanti ghtth ek ingc oulndo ts leespo h eg avea no rdetro b rintgh eb ooko fr ecordtsh,ec hronicalnedst ,h ewye rer eabde fore
thek ingE.s"t he2r: 236;: 1
5. TheA ctso fS olomon":N owt her esotf t hea ctosf S olomoann dw hatevehred ida,n dh is wisdaormet, h eyn ot
writtiennt heb ooko ft heA ctosf S olomon1? K"i ng1s1 :41
6. TheS ayingosfH ozai":H ipsr ayearl saon dh ow Godw ase ntreatbeydh im,a nda lhli ss inh,i su nfaithfulanneds s,
thes iteosnw hichh eb uilhti ghp laceasn de recttehdeA sheriamn dt hec arveidm agebse,f orheeh umblehdi mself, behold,
theayr ew rittiennt her ecorodfst heH ozai2. C"h ronic3l3e:s1 9
7. TheC hronicolfeD sa vid":J oatbh es ono fZ eruiahha db egunt oc ount thbeumtd, i dn otf inisahn;db ecausoeft his,
wrathc ameu ponI sraaenld,t hen umberw asn oti ncludiendth e accouonftt heC hronicolfeK si ng Dav1i Cdh.r"o nic2l7e:s2 4
8. TheC hronicolfeS sa muel, Nathan",N oGwat dh:ea ctosf K ingD avidf,r omf irtsotl asatr,ew rittiennt heC hronicles
ofS amuetlh es eeri,nt heC hronicolfeN sa thatnh ep ropheatn din thCeh ronicolfeG sa dt hes eer1.C "h ronic2l9e:s2 9
9. Samuelb'oso k":T henS amuetlo ltdh ep eoplteh eo rdinancoefths e kingdoma,n dw rotet hemi nt heb ooka nd
placeidtb eforteh eL ord.1"S amue1l0 :25
10. TheR ecordosfN athatnh ep rophe"tN:o wt her esotf t hea ctosf S olomonf,r omf irtsotl asatr,e t heyn otw rittienn
theR ecordosfN athatnh ep ropheatn,di nt hep ropheocfyA hijathh eS hilonaintdei ,n t hev isioonfsI ddot hes eecro ncerning
Jeroboatmhe s ono fN ebat?2" C hronic9l:e2s9
11. TheP ropheocfyA hijathh eS hilon"iNtoew:t her esotf t hea ctso fS olomonf,ro mf irtsotl asatr,e t henyo tw rittienn
theR ecordosfN athan ptrhoep heatn,di nt hep ropheocfyA hijathh eS hilonaintdei, n t hev isioonfIs ddot hes eecro ncerning
Jeroboatmh es ono fN ebat?2" C hronic9l:e2s9
12.T heT reatisoeft heP ropheItd do":N owt her esotf th e actosf A bijaahn,d h isw aysa ndh isw ordsa rew rittine nt he
treatiosfet hep ropheItd do2. C"h ronic1l3e:s2 2
13.T heB ookO fJ ashe"rI:is t n otw rittiennt heb ooko fJ ashe2r S?a mue1l: 1a8n d Joshu1a0 :13
Thee xisteonfca e b ookc anb ei nferraeswd e llt,h iissc learsleye wni ths evermails sinegp istlPeasu.l l'est tteort hec hurcaht
Laodice"aW:h enth isl ettiesrr e ada mongy ouh,a vei ta lsroe aid nt hec hurcohf t heL aodiceaannsd;y ou,f ory ourp arrte ad
my letttehra its c omingf romL aodiceCao.l"o ssi4a:ns1 6( Sincteh reeea rlimearn uscridpot sn otc ontaitnhe w ords" at
Ephesuisn"E ph1 :1s,o meh aves peculattheadtt h el ettceorm infgr omL aodicweaas i nf actth el ettoefrE phesiaAnpso.s tolic
fathearlss doe batetdh ipso ssibilIintP ya.u)l 'fsi rlsett tteorC orinthhe,p redattheadt l ettbeyrs ayin"gI:w rotyeo ui nm y
lettneortt oa ssociwaitthe i mmoraple ople("1C orinthi5a:n9s() T hicso ulmde relbye a referetnocthe e preselnett toefr1
Corinthians.)
Manyl osbto okhsa veb eend iscoverSeodm.eb ookasr ec onsidetroeb de p arotf t heA pocryphwah,i loet herasr ec onsidered
tobe parotf t heP seudepigraTphheda i.f ferebnectew eetnh eA pocrypahnad P seudepigriaspa httia m esa matteorfo pinion.
Strictslpye akintgh,eP seudepigraarpehr ae ligiboouosk sm,o sto fw hicwhe rew rittbeent wee2n0 0B .Ca.n d2 00A .D.w,h ich
havea uthorsfhailps ealtyt ributtoae adn othpeerr souns,u alal wye lkln owns ainotrp atrairchT.h eA pocryphrae fetrosa
bodyo fh iddeonr e sotewroirck o fq uestionaabulteh entiIctii tsty h.ep urposoeft hiwso rkt ob rinign tloi ghtth etr easure
troveo fb ookast tributtobe odt ht heA pocrypahnad P seudepigraHpehraea. r eo verf ortoyft hem osts oughatf tebro oks
writtiennth e mosta ncieonftt imes.
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The EncyclopoefLd oisaat n dR ejecSctreidp tures
Whenr eaditnhgr ougthh itso mea ndc omparibnogo kt ob ooki,tw ilble n otictehda bto okisn t hivso lumaer el aid
outi na slighdtilfyf ersetnytlw eh enc omparetdot heo neb eforoera fteIrtw. a sh opedt hatth ev ariewtoyu ldp roviedaec h
readewri tha p referprreeds entation.
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The EncyclopeodfLi oas atn dR ejectedSc riptures
SECTIONO NE
LOSTS CRIPTUREOSF THE OLD TESTA MENT
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