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The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings PDF

674 Pages·2011·262.89 MB·English
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FM.indd 2 9/30/2011 7:08:43 PM The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings ffirs.indd 1 10/18/2012 1:37:43 PM ffirs.indd 2 10/18/2012 1:37:43 PM The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings Fourth Edition Osamu A. Wakita, Hon. AIA Professor of Architecture Nagy R. Bakhoum, Architect Principal, Obelisk Architects, Inc. Richard M. Linde, AIA Architect Richard M. Linde & Associates, Inc. John WilEy & SonS, inc. ffirs.indd 3 10/18/2012 1:37:43 PM Chapter 4: (Top) Courtesy of WePower LLC; (Bottom) Floralis Generica, Courtesy of WikiArquitectura. Chapter 11: (Left) J. P. Getty Museum; (Right) Crystals at City Center, Las Vegas, NV. Chapter 13: (Left) Cerritos Library, Cerritos, CA; (Right) J. P. Getty Museum. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and the author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information about our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley. com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Wakita, Osamu A. The professional practice of architectural working drawings/ Osamu A. Wakita, Nagy R. Bakhoum, Richard M. Linde. — 4th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-61815-8 (cloth); ISBN 978-1-118-08415-1 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-08416-8 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-08654-4 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-08661-2; ISBN 978-1-118-08662-9 (ebk) 1. Architecture—Designs and plans—Working drawings. I. Bakhoum, Nagy R. II. Linde, Richard M. III. Title. NA2713.W34 2011 720.28’4—dc22 2011006423 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ffirs.indd 4 10/18/2012 1:37:43 PM Contents Preface xiii PART I PROFESSIONAL FOUNDATIONS 1 Chapter 1 The Office 3 The Physical Office 4 Office Practice and How It May Be Structured 4 Resource Library 6 Professional Organizations 7 Architect/Client Relationship 7 Implementation of the Construction Documents 12 Building 13 Influence of Building Information Modeling on Building Design 14 Chapter 2 Standards and Techniques, Metrification, Hand Drafting, and Computer-aided Drafting 17 Introduction to Standards and Techniques 18 Drawing Practice 18 Lettering 20 Architectural Drafting 26 Reproduction Methods 26 Office Standards 30 Metrics 35 Hand Drawing 44 Kinds of Drafting Equipment 44 ftoc.indd 5 10/18/2012 1:38:01 PM vi contents Selecting and Using Drafting Pencils 48 Computer Drafting 49 Office Standards 49 A Game within a Game 67 Power of the CAD Drafter 69 Disadvantages of a Computer 72 Advantages of a Computer 73 Future of CAD 75 Conclusion 78 Chapter 3 BIM, Revit, and Human Concerns 79 Introduction 80 Human Considerations 80 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 80 Building Information Modeling (BIM) 89 Chapter 4 Sustainable/Green Architecture 107 Environmental and Human Considerations 108 Sustainable Architecture 108 Lateral Influences 109 Energy Conservation 110 Sound 112 Snow 115 Fire and Smoke 116 Temperature 119 Deterioration 120 Drainage/Rainfall 121 Underground Gas Control 123 Water Table 123 Frost Line/Frost Depth 123 Termites and Termite Treatment 125 Energy Sources 126 Future of Energy Sources 132 ftoc.indd 6 10/18/2012 1:38:01 PM contents vii Chapter 5 Construction Materials and Methods 135 Building Materials 136 Wood Floor Systems 136 Wood Wall Systems 142 Wood Roof Systems 144 Concrete 149 Steel Floor System 155 Steel Stud Wall Framing System 156 Steel Decking Roof System 157 Light Steel Roof Framing System 157 Masonry Wall System 157 Composite Systems and Combinations of Materials 159 Material Selections 161 Wood as a Material 162 Concrete as a Material 166 Steel as a Material 169 Masonry as a Material 174 Chapter 6 Initial Preparation Phase for Construction Documents 177 Working Guidelines for Preparing Construction Documents 178 Making the Transition from Schematic Drawings to Construction Documents 180 Building Code Requirements 180 Primary Materials Analysis 181 Selecting the Primary Structural System 182 Requirements of Consultants 182 Regional Considerations 183 Energy Conservation 185 Interrelationship of Drawings 186 Project Management 186 Office Procedure and Planning Strategy 186 Tracking a Set of Working Drawings 188 Format/Cartoon 190 ftoc.indd 7 10/18/2012 1:38:01 PM viii contents Project Book 191 Numbers—Legal, Job, Task 192 Drawing Sequence 197 Delivery Methods 208 PART II DOCUMENT EVOLUTION 217 Chapter 7 Site and Grading Plan 219 Site Analysis 220 Site Analysis Applied 222 The Topography Map 225 The Soils and Geology Map 225 The Site Plan 227 The Grading Plan 231 The Site and Grading Plan 234 The Drainage Plan 241 The Erosion and Sediment Control Plans 245 The Utility Plan 245 The Circulation Plan 246 The Landscape, Irrigation, and Drainage Plans 246 The Site Improvement Plan: An Overview 247 Size and Location 250 Chapter 8 Floor Plan 253 Types of Floor Plans 254 Symbols 268 Other Floor-plan Considerations 273 Drawing a Floor Plan with a Computer 277 Chapter 9 Foundation and Roof Plans, Floor and Roof Framing Systems 287 Foundation Introduction 288 Types of Foundations 288 Examples 295 Summary of Typical Conventions for Foundation Plan 300 ftoc.indd 8 10/18/2012 1:38:02 PM

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The practical, comprehensive handbook for creating effective architectural drawingsIn one beautifully illustrated volume, The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings, Fourth Edition presents the complete range of skills, concepts, principles, and applications that are needed to creat
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