The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1991: Vol 50 Table of Contents

19 Pages·1991·3.8 MB·English

PROCEEDINGS OF THE
NUTRITION SOCIETY
EDITED FOR THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
J. C. MATHERS
Proceedings of the English Group
J. QUARTERMAN
Proceedings of the Scottish Group
D. A. T. SOUTHGATE
Chairman of the Editorial board
VOLUME 50, 1991
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE - LONDON - NEW YORK
PUBLISHED BY
THE SYNDICS OF THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© The Nutrition Society 1991
Printed in Great Britain by Lamport Gilbert Ltd
Wantage Road, Reading, England
[v]
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 50, 1991
(All rights reserved)
Task Force Report (5 July 1990)
Does the Nutrition Society serve the needs of its overseas members? A. A.
Jackson
Assessment of Zinc Status (Workshop: 26-28 September 1989)
The assessment of zinc status: a personal view. Peter J. Aggett
Assessment of zinc status. R. P. H. Thompson
Nutrition and the Schoolchild (Workshop: 26-28 September 1989)
Food, vitamins and IQ. M. Nelson
Nutrient intake in schoolchildren: some practical considerations. G. McNeill, L.
Davidson, D. C. Morrison, I. K. Crombie, J. Keighran & J. Todman
Nutrition education in Scottish schools. Notes taken by M. E. J. Lean from a
presentation by Moira McFarlane
Food choices and preferences of schoolchildren. Jane Thomas
Diet Selection (Symposium Proceedings: 29/30 March 1990)
Diet selection by animals: theory and experimental design. G. C. Emmans 59-64
Mechanisms of diet selection: the translation of needs into behaviour. Peter J.
Rogers & John E. Blundell 65-70
Diet selection — an ecological perspective. R. Moss 71-75
Diet selection by grazing animals. John A. Milne 77-85
Diet selection of pigs and poultry. S. P. Rose & I. Kyriazakis 87-98
Sensory and experiential factors in the design of foods for domestic dogs and
cats. J. W. S. Bradshaw 99-106
Development of food choice during infancy. Peter Wright 107-113
Obituary Notice
Obituary Notice, R. H. Smith (1924-1991). A. B. McAllan
Nutrient—Gene Interactions (Symposium Proceedings: 4-6 July 1990)
Nutritional and hormonal regulation of genes for lipogenic enzymes. Alan A.
Goodridge, Dominic A. Fantozzi, Stephen A. Klautky, Xiao-Jun Ma, Cesareo
Roncero & Lisa M. Salatti 115-122
Trace element-gene interactions with particular reference to zinc. John K.
Chesters 123-129
Molecular biology and vitamin D function. D. E. M. Lawson & E. Muir 131-137
Genetics of obesity and human energy metabolism. Claude Bouchard, Jean-
Pierre Despres & Angelo Tremblay 139-147
vi CONTENTS
Fibre Digestion in Farm Livestock (Symposium Proceedings: 4-6 July 1990)
Effects of microbial synergism on fibre digestion in the rumen. Burk A. Dehority 149-159
Digestion of non-starch polysaccharides by non-ruminant omnivores. J. C.
Mathers 161-172
Genetic modification of fibre digestion. Harry J. Gilbert & Geoffrey P.
Hazlewood 173-186
Manipulation of fibre digestion in the rumen. E. R. Orskov 187-196
Clinical Aspects of Protein and Energy Metabolism (Symposium Proceedings:
4-6 July 1990)
Whole-body protein and amino acid turnover in man: what can we measure with
confidence? D. J. Millward, G. M. Price, P. J. H. Pacy & D. Halliday 197-216
Organ-specific measurements of protein turnover in man. Peter J. Garlick,
Stephen D. Heys, Margaret A.M cNurlan & Jan Wernerman 217-225
Measurement of energy expenditure: the doubly-labelled-water method in
clinical practice. W. A. Coward 227-237
Indirect calorimetry in critical care. James L. Mullen 239-244
Micronutrients and the Immune Response (Symposium Proceedings: 4-6 July
1990)
Vitamin E and the immune response. J. Kelleher 245-249
Vitamin A and the immune function. Clive E. West, Jan H. W. M. Rombout,
Akke J. van der Zijpp & S. Reinder Sijtsma 251-262
6-Carotene and the immune response. Adrianne Bendich 263-274
Selenium and the immune response. R. J. Turner & Julie M. Finch 275-285
Health Implications of Nutrient-Gene Interactions (Symposium Proceedings:
4-6 July 1990)
Possible dietary factors in the induction of diabetes and its inheritance in man,
with studies in mice. John M. Stowers & Stanley B. W. Ewen 287-298
Atopy, allergy and the alimentary canal. Elspeth Young 299-303
Fructose intolerance: diet and inheritance. Timothy M. Cox 305-309
Recent Research on the Placenta (Symposium Proceedings: 4-6 July 1990)
Current perspectives on placental development and its integration with fetal
growth. J. M. Bassett 311-319
Energy and substrate requirements of the placenta and fetus. William W. Hay
Jr. 321-336
Placental transport studied by means of isolated plasma membrane vesicles.
C. A. R. Boyd 337-343
Perfusion of isolated human placenta. K. R. Page 345-347
Human placental trophoblast culture: one-sided and two-sided models. David L.
Bloxham 349-354
In vivo méasurements of placental transport and metabolism. William W. Hay
Jr. 355-362
Placental corticotrophin-releasing hormone: activator of the pituitary—adrenal
axis in human pregnancy. E. A. Linton, C. D. A. Wolfe & P. J. Lowry 363-370
CONTENTS
Modifying the Energy Density of Human Diets (Symposium Proceedings: 4-6
July 1990)
Determinants of energy density with conventional foods and artificial feeds.
Geoffrey Livesey 371-382
Dietary energy density on using sugar alcohols as replacements for sugar. Aren
J. H. Van Es 383-390
Changes in dietary energy with novel proteins and fats. Peter N. Gillatt & S. M.
Lee 391-397
Modification of energy density with inhibitors of carbohydrate and fat digestion.
Rodney H. Taylor 399-408
Slimming (Symposium Proceedings: 6/7 September 1990)
Moderator’s remarks. J. V. G. A. Durnin
Obesity and health: why slim? Mary A. T. Flynn & Michael J. Gibney
A diet for slimming? Carol A. Bowyer
Physiological responses to slimming. Andrew M. Prentice, Gail R. Goldberg,
Susan A. Jebb, Alison E. Black, Peter R. Murgatroyd & Erik O. Diaz
Exercise for slimming. J. F. Andrews
The association of slimming with eating disorders. Ann Leader
The Media and slimming. Margaret Ashwell
The safety of dieting. J. S. Garrow
The Sir David Cuthbertson Medal Lecture 1990 (22/23 November 1990)
The effects of injury and joint disease on muscle mass and protein turnover.
J. N. Alastair Gibson 501-512
Mediterranean Food and Health (Symposium Proceedings: 21 February 1991)
The Mediterranean diet: fish and olives, oil on troubled waters. 7. A. B. Sanders 513-517
The Mediterranean Italian diet: keys to contemporary thinking. Flaminio
Fidanza 519-526
Diabetes and hormonal control of glucose homeostasis
Hypothalamic regulatory peptides and the regulation of food intake and energy
balance: signals or noise? Gareth Williams, Pauline E. McKibbin & H. David
McCarthy 527-544
Gut hormones in glucose homeostasis. V. Marks, Linda Morgan, J. Oben & R.
Elliott 545-552
Metabolic control of insulin gene expression and biosynthesis. Kevin Docherty,
Andrew R. Clark, Valerie Scott & Stuart W. Knight 553-558
Direct and indirect actions of nutrients in the regulation of insulin secretion from
the pancreatic \ cells. Peter R. Flatt, Christopher R. Barnett, Omar Shibier &
Sara K. Swanston-Flatt 559-566
Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism by insulin and counter-regulatory
hormones. Keith Snell 567-575
Abnormalities of glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Malcolm Nattrass 577-581
Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism in diabetes. Gerald H. Tomkin &
Daphne Owens 583-589
Vill CONTENTS
Disturbances of micronutrients and antioxidant status in diabetes. J. J. Strain 591-604
Interrelationships between obesity and diabetes. Lieselotte Herberg 605-617
Hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for the control of diabetes. C. J.
Bailey 619-630
Diet components in the management of diabetes. Robert W. Welch 631-639
Traditional dietary adjuncts for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Sara K.
Swanston-Flatt, Peter R. Flatt, Caroline Day & Clifford J. Bailey 641-651
Nutrition in a changing Europe
What is nutritional surveillance? W. P. T. James & Ann Ralph 653-6059
The decision making process in nutritional surveillance in Europe. Anna
Ferro-Luzzi & Catherine Leclercq 661-672
Nutritional surveillance: experiences from developing countries. S. J. Ismail 673-679
Nutritional surveys: ongoing activities in Europe. B. P. M. Bloemberg & D.
Kromhout 681-685
Nutritional implications of political and economic changes in Eastern Europe.
W. B. Szostak & W. Sekula 687-693
A case study: Bulgaria. M. Haralanova 695-701
The nutritional implications of changing food systems in Eastern Europe. Bruce
Traill & Spencer Henson 703-718
Diet and disease in East and West Germany. Lenore Kohlmeier & Reinhard
Dortschy 719-727
ABSTRACTS OF COMMUNICATIONS
4-6 July 1990
The effect of the oestrous cycle in rats on fat and protein selection. H. G.
Anantharaman-Barr & J. Décombaz
Stable isotope studies of albumin synthesis during normal pregnancy. O. S.
Olufemi, T. Lind, P. G. Whittaker & D. Halliday
Asymmetric enhancement of cAMP in human placental tissues after treatment
with bPTH(1-34). J. M. A. Williams, K. R. Page, D. R. Abramovich, C. G.
Dacke & T. M. Mayhew
Interactions between feed protein, carbohydrate and fat on the lactational
performance of rats. N. C. Friggens, D. E. F. Hay & J. D. Oldham
Critical nutrient proportions for lactational success in rats. N. C. Friggens,
D. E. F. Hay & J. D. Oldham
Effects of long-term feeding of high-fat diets containing triolein or medium-
chain triacylglycerols to lactating rats on the disposal of a meal containing the
'4C-labelled lipid. Paulo F. A. Souza & Dermot H. Williamson
How is the energy budget balanced in well-nourished lactating women? G. R.
Goldberg, H. L. Davies, A. M. Prentice, W. A. Coward, M. Sawyer, J.
Ashford, P. R. Murgatroyd & A. E. Black
Effect of a milk-free diet on fetal cord blood milk antibody levels: a study of
normal and atopic mothers. J. A. Lovegrove, S. M. Hampton, Jane Morgan &
V. Marks
Serum and cord blood levels of anti-ovalbumin and anti-gliadin IgG in atopic
and non-atopic pregnant women. R. Morris, S. Hampton, Jane Morgan & V.
Marks
CONTENTS
Seasonality in children’s growth rates in Southern Ethiopia. F. Branca, G.
Pastore, T. Demissie & A. Ferro-Luzzi
Growth of stunted children given nutritional supplementation and psychosocial
stimulation. S. P. Walker, S. M. Grantham-McGregor, C. A. Powell, D. T.
Simeon & J. H. Himes
The effects of nutritional supplementation on the development of stunted
children. S. M. Grantham-McGregor, C. A. Powell, S. P. Walker, P. Fletcher
& J. H. Himes
Total energy expenditure during childhood and adolescence. P. S$. W. Davies,
M. B. E. Livingstone, A. M. Prentice, W. A. Coward, S. E. Jagger, C.
Stewart, J. J. Strain & R. G. Whitehead
Comparison of simultaneous measures of energy intake and expenditure in
children and adolescents. M. B. E. Livingstone, P. S. W. Davies, A. M.
Prentice, W. A. Coward, A. E. Black, J. J. Strain & P. G. McKenna
Distribution of energy intake in relation to calculated basal metabolic rate and
adiposity in a national cohort study. Fiona B. Key, Alison A. Paul, T. J. Cole
& M. E. J. Wadsworth
24 h Energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate in female twins. G. McNeill, J.
Love, J. S. Smith & D. C. Morrison
Does genetic variation influence energy expenditure in cystic fibrosis? A.
O’Rawe, J. A. Dodge, A. O. Redmond, I. McIntosh & D. J. H. Brock
Increased thermic effect of a standard meal in chronically energy-deficient
human subjects. L. S. Piers, M. J. Soares & P. S. Shetty
Family food availability and anthropometric status in Gilan, Iran. F. Rabiee &
C. Geissler
Diet quality, environment and nutritional status in Gilan, Iran. F. Rabiee & C.
Geissler
Knowledge, diet, and stock decisions of small independent retailers with regard
to ‘healthy’ foods. B. J. Tighe, A. Wise & P. Cooper
Individuality of portion weights of fat spreads. Catherine H. Kellet & A. Wise
How much does the public know about fat intake and heart disease? Janet Cade
& Janice Tate
General practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding overweight
and obesity. Janet Cade & Shaun O'Connell
The effect of energy supplementation on noradrenaline-induced thermogenesis,
thermic effect of a meal and basal metabolic rate in chronically energy-
deficient human subjects. M. Vaz, R. N. Kulkarni, L. S. Piers, M. J. Soares,
A. V. Kurpad & P. S. Shetty
Aerobic capacity and post-exercise recovery characteristics of chronically
energy-deficient labourers. R. N. Kulkarni, A. V. Kurpad & P. S. Shetty
Potentiation as a possible mechanism to explain differences in dose response v.
single dose infusion of noradrenaline while estimating thermogenic responses
in human subjects. A. V. Kurpad, R. N. Kulkarni, M. Vaz & P. S. Shetty
The effect of a graded infusion of adrenaline on metabolic rate, forearm
electro-myographic activity and oxygen consumption. /. W. Gallen, I. A.
Macdonald, K. C. F. Fone & D. G. Maggs
The effect on the doubly- and triply-labelled water methods of water hydrogen
incorporation into body fat in growing pigs. Paul Haggarty, Brian A. McGaw,
Malcolm F. Fuller, Susannah L. Christie & William W. Wong
x CONTENTS
Evaluation of dual photon absorptiometry for the assessment of body compo-
sition. N. J. Fuller, A. Laskey, K. F. Szaz, S. A. Jebb & M. Elia
The use of 24 h urine nitrogen to detect bias in the reported habitual food intake
of individuals assessed from weighed dietary records. S. Bingham, A. Welch,
A. Cassidy, S. Runswick & C. Gill
Chronic undernutrition in very-low-birth-weight infants who develop broncho-
pulmonary dysplasia. D. C. Wilson, B. G. McClure, H. L. Halliday, M.
McCreid & J. A. Dodge
Fruit consumption and lung function. B. D. Cox, D. E. Walters, Sharon E.
Erzinclioglu & Margaret J. Whichelow
Food frequency v. weighed intake data in Scottish men. C. Bolton-Smith &
A. C. Milne
Nutrient intakes from current, ex- and never smokers: results from the Scottish
Heart Health Study. C. Bolton-Smith, M. Woodward, C. A. Brown, W. C. S.
Smith & H. Tunstall-Pedoe
In vivo measurement of changes in body composition: validation against 12 d
continuous whole-body calorimetry. Susan A. Jebb, W. A. Coward, P. R.
Murgatroyd, Gail R. Goldberg & A. M. Prentice
Does consumption of alcohol with a meal promote fat storage? B. J. Sonko,
G. R. Goldberg, P. R. Murgatroyd, W. A. Coward & A. M. Prentice
The effect of previous feeding patterns on the oxidation and tissue ('4C) lipid
accumulation after a meal containing (1-'*C) triolein in the rat. Alison E.
Tedstone, Vera Ilic & Dermot H. Williamson
The effect of ageing on glutamine metabolism in skeletal muscle of the rat. M.
Parry-Billings, B. Leighton, G. D. Dimitriadis, J. Bond & E. A. Newsholme
Lysine metabolism in young turkeys fed on diets containing different levels of
lysine. C. Linda Saunderson & Paul E. Waibel
The effect of dietary amino acid imbalance on respiration in chick liver. N. S.
Jessop, G. Allan, G. Walker & J. P. F. D’Mello
The influence of glycine and cysteine supplementation on the metabolic
response to Escherichia coli endotoxin in rats fed on diets of marginal protein
adequacy. R. F. Grimble, R. Hailwood, A. A. Jackson & C. Persaud
Glycine and cysteine supplementation influences weight gain and liver gluta-
thione, protein and zinc of rats fed on diets of marginally inadequate protein
content. R. F. Grimble, A. A. Jackson & C. Persaud
The influence of the dietary protein intake on the response of whole body
protein synthesis and degradation to feeding. G. M. Price, D. J. Millward,
P. J. H. Pacy & D. Halliday
Assessment of protein metabolism in man with '°N-labelled soya bean. M. A.
McNurlan, A. El-Khoury, E. Milne & E. B. Fern
Bicarbonate recovery: feeding v. time. D. Wenham, P. J. Pacy, D. Halliday,
G. M. Price & D. J. Millward
Protein conservation in the obese Zucker rat during fasting. N. G. Wijesinghe,
D. J. Millward & J. P. W. Rivers
Effects of food restriction on sodium and potassium balances in pregnant rats.
M. P. Vaquero & M. P. Navarro
The effect of inhibiting the bio-availability of additional vitamin Bg on nitrogen
utilization in the pig. J. N. Swart, H. P. Spangenberg & H. C. Barnard
Intrinsic labelling of peas, chicken meat, eggs, goat’s milk and human milk with
Zn. T. E. Fox, S. J. Fairweather-Tait, J. Eagles & S. G. Wharf
CONTENTS
Apparent zinc absorption by rats from foods labelled intrinsically and extrin-
sically with ©’Zn. S. J. Fairweather-Tait, T. E. Fox, S. G. Wharf, J. Eagles,
H. M. Crews & R. Massey
Zinc nutritive status and immunocompetence in anorexia nervosa. A. Marcos,
P. Varela, M. P. Navarro, G. Morande
Influence of tea on the availability of copper. M. P. Vaquero, M. Veldhuizen,
C. J. A. van den Hamer & G. Schaafsma
The effect of non-starch polysaccharide on urea kinetics in normal adult males
consuming a low-protein diet. M. Langran, B. J. Moran, Jane Murphy, S. A.
Wootton & A. A. Jackson
The effect of non-starch polysaccharides on the magnitude and composition of
faecal energy in normal healthy adults. Jane Murphy, S. A. Wootton, M.
Langran & A. A. Jackson
Influence of soluble non-starch polysaccharides and food intake on mucosal cell
turnover and some gastrointestinal peptides in the rat. J. T. Johnson &
Jennifer M. Gee
The effect of low, medium and high molecular weight grades of guar gum on
postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin in non-insulin-dependent
diabetics. S. J. Gatenby, P. R. Ellis, L.M . Morgan, F. M. Dawoud & P. A.
Judd
The effect of guar wheatflakes on postprandial blood glucose, plasma insulin and
C-peptide levels in healthy subjects. R. M. Fairchild, P. R. Ellis, S. Luzio, A.
Pyrne & M. A. Mir
Effect of zinc supplementation on intestinal permeability and morbidity among
Bangladeshi children with persistent diarrhoea syndrome. S. K. Roy, R.
Haider, A. Tomkins & R. H. Behrens
Energy metabolism of pigs of high genetic potential: effects of protein and
energy intake. D. S. Rao & K. J. McCracken
Effects of feeding level and sex on nitrogen retention and serum insulin-like
growth factor-1 in growing pigs. J. A. Taylor, D. N. Salter, W. H. Close,
G. H. Laswai & A. Hudson
Immune function tests, iron metabolism and susceptibility to infection in
primary undernutrition and refeeding. John Murray & Anne Murray
Effects of vitamin C on sorbitol in eye lens of guinea-pigs made diabetic with
streptozotocin. C. J. Bates & P. H. Evans
Vitamin C in stimulated and unstimulated leucocytes in culture. C. J. Schorah,
D. J. Royle & S. W. Evans
Plasma ascorbate concentrations in human malaria. J. Knowles, D. I.
Thurnham, A. V. S. Hill, M. Greenwood & C. M. Tang
The effect of vitamin E deficiency on immune function in Wistar rats. L.
Purkins, J. Kelleher & R. V. Heatley
Tissue concentrations of vitamin E, selenium and thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances in ruminant calves depleted of vitamin E, or selenium, or both.
D. M. Walsh, S. Kennedy & D. G. Kennedy
Inhibitory effect of isomeric cis and trans C-18 monoenoic fatty acids on
A6-desaturase activity in human vascular endothelial cells. K. W. J. Wahle,
Lesley Milne & C. R. A. Earl
Inhibition of enzyme efflux from damaged skeletal muscle: a non-antioxidant
role for a-tocopherol? Joanne Pheonix, R. H. T. Edwards & M. J. Jackson
xii CONTENTS
Measurement and significance of hepatic menaquinones in rats fed on low-fibre
diets. M. J. Shearer, N. Kazim & J. C. Mathers
The effect of high viscosity guar gum flour on the rate of glucose absorption and
net insulin production in the portal blood of the pig. F. G. Roberts, A. G.
Low, S. Young, H. A. Smith & P. R. Ellis
Effects of sucrose-feeding on in vivo rates of hepatic fatty acid, cholesterol and
glycogen synthesis in rats given dietary guar gum or volatile fatty acid salts.
Laurentina M. R. Pedroso, J. C. Mathers & Heather J. Finlayson
Effects of ageing on the caecal fermentation response to oat-feeding in rats. J. C.
Mathers, Julia Kennard & O. F. W. James
Effects of dietary fibre (grass) level and time of day on caecal concentrations cf
volatile fatty acids and uric acid in the fowl. C. J. Savory & Anne I. Knox
Continuous in vitro incubation as a model to study microbial metabolism in the
hind-gut of pigs. G. Breves & J. Dreyer
Effect of carbohydrate source and protein level on selected plasma character-
istics and acetate metabolism of ovine perirenal adipose tissue in vitro. N. D.
Scollan & N. S. Jessop
Effect of intraruminal propionate infusion on rumen fermentation and whole
body glucose turnover rate in forage-fed steers. C. J. Seal, C. S. Roper &
D. S. Parker
Digestibility of wheat middlings by the weaned pig: comparison of balance and
indicator methods. Devina McClean, K. King & K. J. McCracken
Patterns of children’s malnutrition in an area of Southern Somalia with
multiethnic composition. F. Branca, A. Alas Ali & T. D’Arca
Anthropometric indices and risk of mortality allowing for socio-economic
differences among Ugandan children. V. Vella, A. Tomkins, I. Cortinovis, T.
Marshall, J. Ndiku & V. Ayatomizek
Malnutrition as a risk factor for mortality from infectious diseases among
Ugandan children. V. Vella, A. Tomkins, J. Ndiku & V. Ayatomizek
Impact of Ascaris lumbricoides and other intestinal helminths on intestinal
permeability and growth in Bangladeshi children. C. A. Northrop-Clewes,
P. G. Lunn, E. Rousham & C. G. N. Mascie-Taylor
Sire effects on growth and carcass characteristics of Friesian steers during the
finishing period. K. J. McCracken, C. A. Moore, R. W. J. Steen, E. F.
Unsworth, D. J. Kilpatrick & F. J. Gordon
The influence of adrenalectomy on the ‘anabolic’ effect of testosterone implants
in rats. C. J. H. Woodward, R. E. Oakey & E. M. Whitaker
Metabolism in vivo of essential fatty acids in man using linoleic acid labelled with
carbon-13 stable isotope. A. Smith, Moira Thomas & K. W. J. Wahle
The contractile characteristics of rat skeletal muscle following consumption of a
low-protein diet. L. B. Levy & S. A. Wootton
Characterization of the haemodynamic responses to the ingestion of a high-fat
and a high-carbohydrate meal in young subjects. M. B. Sidery, I. A.
Macdonald & L. J. Fullwood
The effect of a low-fat diet on hormone and metabolite concentrations following
a mixed meal in healthy subjects. Linda M. Morgan, Jacki A. Tredger,
Jacqueline Wilkinson, Christine M. Williams, A. Zampelas & Vincent Marks
Fasting and postprandial hormone and metabolite concentrations in normal and
diabetic subjects taking dietary fish-oil supplements. Christine M. Williams, F.
Moore, J. Wright, A.Z ampelas & L. Morgan