The private world of Soviet scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev PDF
Preview The private world of Soviet scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev
The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev sheds new R o light on the complex transition of Soviet society from Stalinism into the g a c post-Stalin era. Using the case study of Chernogolovka, one of dozens of h e scientific towns built in the USSR under Khrushchev, Rogacheva explains v a what motivated the scientific intelligentsia to participate in the late Soviet project and what it contributed to the stability of the USSR. Rogacheva fT r The Private World of traces the history of this scientific community from its creation in 1956 oh me through the early Gorbachev period to paint a nuanced portrait of the P Sr Soviet Scientists from living conditions, political outlook, and mentality of the local scientific taiv la intelligentsia. Utilizing new archival materials and an extensive oral history it ne project, she argues that Soviet scientists were not merely bought off by the t W Stalin to Gorbachev o Soviet state, but that they bought into the idealism and social optimism of Go r the post-Stalin regime. Many shared the regime’s belief in the progressive old r development of Soviet society on a scientific basis, and embraced their b o Maria A. Rogacheva af c increased autonomy and privileged status. hS o e v v i e Maria A. Rogacheva is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Global Studies at t S the College of William and Mary. c i e n t i s t s Cover image: Dubovitskii and his scientists (Dubovitskii, Merzhanov and Atovmian) © Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev ThePrivateWorldofSovietScientistsfromStalintoGorbachevshedsnew lightonthecomplextransitionofSovietsocietyfromStalinismintothepost- Stalinera.UsingthecasestudyofChernogolovka,oneofdozensofscientific townsbuiltintheUSSRunderKhrushchev,Rogachevaexplainswhatmoti- vatedthescientificintelligentsiatoparticipateinthelateSovietprojectand whatitcontributedtothestabilityoftheUSSR.Rogachevatracesthehistory of this scientific community from its creation in 1956 through the early Gorbachevperiodtopaintanuancedportraitofthelivingconditions,political outlook, and mentality of the local scientific intelligentsia. Utilizing new archival materials and an extensive oral history project, she argues that Soviet scientists were not merely bought off by the Soviet state, but that theyboughtintotheidealismandsocialoptimismofthepost-Stalinregime. Many shared the regime’s belief in the progressive development of Soviet society on a scientific basis, and embraced their increased autonomy and privilegedstatus. mariaa.rogachevaisaVisitingAssistantProfessorofGlobalStudiesat theCollegeofWilliamandMary. The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev Maria A. Rogacheva CollegeofWilliamandMary UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 4843/24,2ndFloor,AnsariRoad,Daryaganj,Delhi–110002,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107196360 DOI:10.1017/9781108164696 ©MariaA.Rogacheva2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks,Inc. AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-107-19636-0Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. To my Parents, with much love Contents ListofFigures pageviii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 AnUnusualTestingGround:BuildingaTownintheMarshes, 1955–1962 23 2 ChildrenoftheGreatPatrioticWar:TheFormationofSoviet Scientists,1930–1955 49 3 “WeWereBuildingaTownforOurselves”:EverydayLifein Chernogolovkainthe1960sand1970s 75 4 Scientists,Ideology,andtheCommunistPartyinChernogolovka 108 5 ChernogolovkaScientistsbetweenLoyaltyandDissent: TheSovietInvasionofCzechoslovakiaandtheLiubarskiiAffair 131 6 ScientistsbehindtheIronCurtain:TravelingAbroadinthe1960s and1970s 152 Conclusion 175 BiographicalNotes 181 Bibliography 188 Index 203 vii Figures 1.1 FirstStreet(Pervaiaulitsa)inChernogolovka,1962 page24 1.2 NikolaiSemenov(right)andFedorDubovitskii(left) 33 3.1 Chernogolovkaunderconstruction,1964 82 3.2 FirstStreet(Pervaiaulitsa)inthemid-1960s 83 3.3 VladimirEnman(right)athisgardenplot,1960 88 3.4 VsevolodGantmakher(secondfromtheright),Chernogolovka ca.1964 97 4.1 EvgeniiPoniatovskii,YuriOsipyan,andVeniaminShekhtman (lefttoright)atthePresidiumoftheSovietAcademyof Sciences,1971 125 4.2 ChernogolovkascientistsattheNovember7thDemonstration, 1986 127 viii
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