The Prince (1985) PDF
Preview The Prince (1985)
THE P RIN eE NiccoMlaoc hiavelli Translaatnedd witahn I ntroducbtyi on Harvey C.M ansfield Second Edition THEU NIVERSIOTFCY H ICAGPOR ESS ChicaangLdoo ndon TheU niversoiftC yh icagPor esCsh,i cag6o0 637 TheU niversoiftC yh icagPor esLst,d .L,o ndon © 19851,9 9b8y T heU niverosfiC thyi cago Allr ighrtess erSveecdo.nE dd iti1o9n9 8 Printieltdlh Ue lliStteadt oefAs m erica 100 9 08 07 7 8 LIBRAROYF CONGRESCSA TALOGIN-GIN-PUBLICATDIAOTNA MachiaveNlilcic,o l1o4,6 9-1527. [PrincEinpgel.i sh] Thep rinc/eN iccolMoa chiav:e tlrlainslwaitteahdn introducbtyiH oanr veCy. M ansfie-ld2.n de d. p. cm. Includbeisb liograprheifcearle nacnedis n dex. ISBN0 -22650-043-(8 alk. paper)0.--2I2S6B-N 50044-(6p bk:.a lkp.a per) 1.P olitisccaile nce-Eawrolryk tso I 800. 2.P oliti cale thi-cEsarlwyo rktso 1 800.l .T itle. ]CI43·M38 I998 320.1-dc2I 9�-5772 CIP @ Thep apeurs edi nt hipsu blicamteieotnts h em inimum requiremeonftt hse A mericaNnat ioanlS tandafrodr InformatSicoine nces-PermaonfeP nacpee fro rPr inted LibraMrayt eriaAlNsS,I Z 39.48-1992 Contents Introduction vii A Noteo nt heT ranslation xxv Chronology xxix Map xxxii The Prince Dedicatory Letter 3 I.H ow ManyA ret heK indosf P rincipaalnidti ine s WhatM odesT heyA reA cquired 5 II .O fH ereditParriyn cipalities 6 1fIO.f M ixedP rincipalities 7 IV.W hy theK ingdoomf D ariuWsh ichA lexandSeeri zed DidN otR ebefrlo m HisS uccessaofrtsAe lre xander's Death 16 V. How CitioersP rincipaWlhiitcihLe isv ebdy T heir Own Lawsb efoTrhee yW ereO ccupieSdho ulBde Administered 20 VI .O f New PrincipaTlhiattAi reesA cquirtehdr ough One'Osw n Armsa ndV irtue 21 VII OfN ew PrincipaTlhiattAi reesA cquirbeydO thers' Armsa ndF ortune 25 VI I.I OfT hosWeh o HaveA ttainePdr ian ciptahlriotuyg h Crimes 34 I XO ft heC iviPlr incipality 38 v X. InW hat Mode the oFfAo lrlPc reisn cipaSlhiotuileds BeM easured 42 XI.O f EcclesiaPsrtiinccailp alities 45 XII.H ow ManyK indosf M ilitTahrey rAer ea nd ConcerniMnegr cenaSroyl diers 48 XIIIO.f AuxiliMairxye,d a,n dO ne'Osw n Soldiers 54 XlV.W hata P rincSeh oulDdo Regarditnhge M ilitary 58 XV. Of ThosTeh ingfso rW hichM en anEds pecially PrincAerse P raisoerdB lamed 61 XVI.O f LiberaalnidtP ya rsimony 62 XVII.O f Cruelatnyd M ercya,n dW hetheIrtI sB ettteorB e LoveTdh anF eareodr,t heC ontrary 65 XVIIII.n W hatM odeF aitShh oulBde K eptb yP rinces 68 XIX.O f AvoidiCnogn tempatn dH atred 71 XX. Whether FortarnedMs asneysO theTrh ingWsh ich AreM adea ndD oneb yP rinces DEavyeA rrye U seful orU seless 83 XXI.W hata P rincSeh oulDdo toB eH eldi nE steem 87 XXII.O fT hosWeh om PrincHeasv ea sS ecretaries 92 XXIIII.n W hatM odeF latteArreert soB eA voided 93 XXIV.W hy theP rincoefsI taly LHaovsTeth eiSrt ates 96 XXv. How MuchF ortuCnaen D o inH umanA ffairasn,di n WhatM odeI tM ayB eO pposed 98 XXVI.E xhortattioSo eni zIet aalnyd t oF reHee rf romt he Barbarians 101 Appendix MachiaveLleltit'oesfrD ecembe1r0 ,1 5I 3 107 Glossary 113 Bibliography 141 Indeoxf P ropeNra mes 145 vi Introduction Anyonweh op ickusp M achiaveThlleiP 'rsi hnocldeisn h is handtsh em ostf amoubso oko n politeivceswr r itteInt.s closersitv mailg hbte P latoR'esp ubbultti hcab,to okd is cusspeosl itiinct sh ec onteoxftt hings above apnodl itics, polittiucrsno su tt oh avael imitaendds ubordipnlaatceIe n. ThPer iMnacchei avaellsldoii scuspsoelsi tiincr se lattioo n thinogust sipdoel itaiscw se, s haslele b,u th icso nclusiiso n verdyi fferent. aPcocloirtditiconsh g i mi sn otl imitbeyd thinagbso viet , tahndi nngosr maltlayk etno b eo utside politics"-gtihvee nisna" n yp olitsiictaula tion-otuutr n tob em uchm oreu ndetrh ec ontrooflp olittihcaspn o liti cianpse,o pleasn,dp hilosophhaevrehs i theratsos umed. MachiaveThlleiP 'rsi tnhceeni,,st hem ostf amoubso oko n politwihcesnp olitiistc hso ugthotb ec arrioenfd o irt osw n sakeu,n limibtyea dn ythianbgo viet T.h er enowonf Th e Priinspc reec isteohl ayv eb eent hefi rsatn dt heb esbto ok toa rguteh apto lithiacsas n ds houlhda viet osw nr ulaesn d shoulndo ta cceprtu leosfa nyk indo rf roma nys ource wherteh eo bjeicstn ott ow ino rp revaoivle ort herThse. Priinsbc reie faenrdp ithitehra Mna chiaveoltlhie'mrsa jor workD, iscoounLr isvfeyosrT, h Per iinsac dedr estsoeL do renzdoe 'M edicai p,r incliek teh eb usye xecutoifvo eu r dayw hoh asl itttilmefe orr eadinSgo. T hPer iwnicthie t s politaidcvailtc oea na ctipvoel ititchiapaton l itics should not bel imitbeyda nythinnogtp olitiicsba ylf ,a mro ref amous thatnh eD iscoounLr isveys. We cannohto,w evearg,r eteh aTt hPer iinstc heem o st famoubso oko n politwiictsh ouitm mediatceolryr ecting thitso s ayt haitti st hem osti nfamouIsti .sf amoufso ri ts infa,mf yorr ecommenditnhgek indo fp olittihcaset v er sinchea sb eenc allMeadc hiavelTlhieae ns.s enocfet his politiistc hsa "ty ouc ang eta wayw ithm urdert"h:a nto divisnaen ctioornd ,e gradatoifso onu lo,rt wingoefc on scienwciel clo met op unisyho u.I fy ou succeedw,i lylo u Vll 111l1'\'V I Ih avteo f acteh ei nfamoyfm urdebre,c auwshee n "11It'a1clq uiwrheo c ana cquitrhee,wy i lble p raisoernd o t blamed("C hapt3e)rT .h oscer iminwahlos a rei nfamous havmee relbye eonn t hel osisnigd Mea.c hiavaenldMl aic hi avellpioalni taircefs a mouosr i nfamofuosrt heiwri lling nestso b ravien fmay. Yeti tm ustb e reporttehda tth ep revailviinegw amongs choloafrM sa chiaviestl hlait whaesn ota ne vimla n who tauegvhitdlo ctriannedst ,h ahte d oenso td eserve his infa.mW yitha viewt oh isp referefnocrre e publoivcesr principa(lmiotrieeev si denitn D iscoounLr isvtehysa ni n ThPer ibnuctne o,ta b seinntt hel atrt,)te hecya nnobte lieve hew asa na pologfiosrtty rnayn;o ri,m presbsyet dh es ud denb ursotf I talipaatnr iotiints hme l ast choafpT there Printhceeyf, o rgihviem fort hes ardonoibcs ervations whicahr neo tf ulcloyn siswtietnthth igse nerous fbeuetl ing arteh ougthotg ivieta c ertapiinq uan(ctyh iists h eo pinion ofa ne arligeern eratoifos nc holaorrs,o) n; theb asiosf Machiaveslalyii'insngC hapte1r5t hawte shoutlakdoe u r bearinfgrso m" whati sd one"r athetrh anf rom" what shoulbded one,t"h ecyo nclutdheah te w asa f orerunonfe r moderpno litsicciaeln wchei,c ihsn ota ne vitlh inbge cause itm ereltye lulssw hath appenwsi thopuats sijnugd gment. Ins um,t hep revailviinegwo ft hes choloaffresr esx cuses foMra chiavehlewl ais:a r epubliacp aant,r ioorat s ,c ientist, andt herefoirnee x,p liccointt radicttot ihoern e actioofn mostp eoplteoM achiavaesls loio na st hehye aorf h idso c trinMeasc,h iavwealsln io"t M achiave.l"l ian Ther eadcearn f ormh isow nj udgmeonftt heseex cusefso rM achiaveIld loi .n orte commentdh emc,h iefly becautshee mya keM achiavleelsilsni t eresTthienytg r.a ns formh imi ntao heralodft hef uturweh o hadt hel uck tos ountdh et unewse heasro o ftetno d-adyemocrcay, nationaolris seml f-determiannadst ciioenn,Ic nes.t eoafd challengoiunrfg a vorbietlei eafnsdf orciunsgt ot hink, Machiaviesel nllii sitnetdao c horuosfs elf-congratulation, viii Theries o,f c ourseev,i denfcoert hee xcusseusp plioend behaolffM achiavealnldti h,a etvi dencceo nsiosftt sh ee x cuseosff erebdy M achiavheilmlsie Ilff.s omeonwee ret o accuhsiem o fbeinagn a pologfiostrty ran,hn eyc ani ndeed pointto a p assaignte h eD iscoounLr isv(eIys2I ) w herhee say(sr athcearr elfl)uy thatth ec ommong oodi sn oto b servuendl eisnsr epublbiuctsi ;fs omeoneel se wteora ec cushei mo fs upportrienpgu blicahneic somu,l d ptooit nhte samec haptwehre,r hee s aytsh atth e harsdleasvteo rfaly l i s tob ec onquerbeyda republAincd., whhiels eh ows his Italpiaatnr iotiinCs hma pte2r6o fT hPer ibnyec xeh orting someonteos eiIztea ilnyo rdetrof reef riottm h eb arbarians, hea lssoh owhsi fsa irmindebdyna edsvsi saiF nrge nckhi ng inC hapt3ehr o wh em ighbte ttienrv aIdtea tlhyen extti me. Last,i ltyi st ruteh ahte s ometimmeesr elrye portthsee vil thahte s eewsh,i l(eu nneceislsyda)er ploriitnb;gu ta to ther timehse u rgeuss t os harien t haetv ialn dh e virtuously condemnhsa lf-heairmtmeodr aliAslttsh.o uhgeh w asa n exceedinbgollydw ritewrho seemtso h aved eliberately courtaende virle putathieow na,sn onethenloetss osb olads tof aitlop roviedxec usoesrp, r udernets eartvionfso,rh is boldesstta temeSnitnsc.Ie h aves pokeant l engtohn this poinitna nothpelra caen,dw ilnlo th esittaotm ee ntiotnh e worko fL eoS trauistis sn, o tn ecesstaore yx plaiitfn u rther here. Whati sa ti ssiunet heq uestioofwn h ethMearc hiavelli was" Machiavelliasne"et? h aaTt mo a tteorft heh ighest importainsci en volvweed m ustn otr essta tiswfiiteehdi thesrc holaerxlcyu soersm orafrlo wnsF.o rt hem atteart issuiest hec haracotfet rh er ulebsy whichw e reward humanb eingwsi thf ameo rc ondemtnh emw ithi nfa,m y thev ersyt atoufsm oral.iM taychiavdeolelsin otm akei t cleaartf irst that this igsrh aivsse u bjqeuIcentst .th ieo n DedicatLoertyt heera pproacLhoerse nzdoe 'M edicwii th hati no neh anda ndT hPer iinntc heeo theSri.n chee,s ays, onem ustb ea printcoek nowt hen aturoefp eoplaensd a IX 111l.i1tt1i 1lp tc)' p ltcok nowt hen atuorfep rincheess ,e ems Illllff1t00'tl, ,t,hl'kc n owledogfpe r incheeds o enso th ave IlIIllt'l d's I.I aI ordancwei tht hihsa lf-serpirooumsi se, M.11tI II,IIsivp ee aakbso utth ek indosf p rincipailnit thiee s 111P�,tlo Ift, [P7r1ie(n Ccheap tIer-sI aIn)d a,s w e learonf ti'l Il'Cc ssoiftc yo nqueasbto,u tth ek indosfa rmieisnt he S" nd par(tC hapte1r2s- 1B4u)ta. t t hes amet ime( to makea lonsgt orsyh ortw)e, l eartnh atth ep rinmcues to r mayl ahyi fso undatoinot nhsep eopl(eC hapt9e)arn dt hat whilhei son loyb jeschto ulbdet hea rotf w arh,e m usti n timoef p eacpea ya ttenttiomo onr aqlu aliitnis eusc mha n nera st ob ea blteo u set hemi nt imoef w ar( Chapt1e4r, end). Thusa rew e preparfeodrM achiavelli's icnl arion call ChapteIrS w,h erhee p roclatihmasht e " depafrrtosm t he orderosfo therasn"d s aywsh y. Form oraqlu alitairees qualit"iheeslg do odb"y t hep eoplseo;i, f t hep rinmcues t conquearn,dw antlsi,k teh eM edictio,l ahyi fso undation ont hep eoplweh,o a ret hek eepeorfsm oral,it thyeann ew moralictoyn siswtietnthth en ecessoifct oyn quemsuts tb e founda,n dt hep rinchea st ob et aughatn ewa boutth e naturoefp eoplbeys M achiaveIlnld ie.p artfirnogm t he ordeorfso therista, p peamrosr ef itttionM ga chiav"etlol i god irecttolt yh ee ffectutarlu tohft het hintgh atno t he imaginatoifi otnM. "a ny haivmea ginreedp ublaincdps r in cipalibtuitoe nse,c anno"tl egto o fw hati sd onef orw hat shoulbded one;b'e cauasm ea nw ho "makeas p rofession ofg oodi nal lr egardcso"m etso r uianm ongs om anyw ho aren otg oodT.h ep rinmcues tl eartnob ea blneo tt ob e gooda,n du set hiasb iloirtn yo ta ccordtionn ge ces.s ity Thicso ncisstea temiesmn ots et fficacioIutcs o.n taai ns fundamenatsasla uolnt a lmlo raliatnydp olitisccaile nce, botChh ristainadcn l assiacsua nld,e rstionoM da chiavi'esl l timeM.o ralihtaydm eannto to nldyo intgh er ighatc tion, buta lsdoo inigtf otrh er ighrte asoornf otrh el ovoef G od. Thust,o b eg oodw ast hougthotr equi"raep rofessoifo n x goodi"n w hicthh em otivfeo rdo inggo odw ase xplained; otherwimsoer,a liwtoyu lgdo n od eepetrh aonu twacrodn formittoyl a,wo re vento s uperfioorrc aen,d c oulndo tb e distinguifrosmh ediB tu.t p rofessoifog noso d could not accompamnoyr aalc tioinnis s olatfrioomn eaocthh etrh;e y woulhda vteo b ee laborastote hda mto raalc tiownosu lbde consistweintthe acho thearn dt hel ifoefa moraple rson woulfdo rma w holeS.u che laborarteiqouni arnee sff orotf imaginatsiionnct,eh ec onsistweens ceyte e lulsos n loyf the presence of coountfwoarrm,dai ntdyt hee laboraetxion tendosv ears oci,eb teycauistie sd iffictuoll ti vaem oralli fe byo nesehlef;n cmeo ralirteyq uitrheesc onstrucotfia onn imagined reoprup brliincc ip,as luicthay sP latoR'esp ublic orS tA.u gustiCnei'tsGy o do.f WhenM achiavdeelnliite hsa itm aginreedp ublaincds principa"leixtiiisentts r u"t ha,ndd eclatrheastt h et rutihn thesoer a lmla tteirsts h ee ffectutarlu thhe,s aytsh anto morarlu leesx isnto,t m adeb y menw,h ichm en must abidbey .T her uleosrl awtsh aetx isatr et hosmea deb y governmeonrto st hepro werasc tiunngd enre ces,sa intdy themyu stb eo beyeodu to ft hes amen eces.sW ihtaytever isn ecessmaaryyb ec alljeudsa tn dr easonabbultje u,s tiisc e no morer easonablew htahtaa pne rson's prtuedlelnsc e himh em usta cquifroerh imseolrf,m usts ubmitto ,b e causmee n cannoatff orjdu stiicnea n ys ensteh attr an scendtsh eiorw n preservatMiaocnh.i avedlildni o ta t tempt( adsi dH obbest)o f ormulaat nee wd efinitoifo n justibcaes eodn self-preserIvnasttieoahnde., s howed whath em eanbty n oti ncludjiunsgt iacmeo ngt hee leven paiorfsm oraqlu alitthiaehtse l isitnCs h apte1r5 H.e does mentiojnu stiicnCe h apte2r1 a sa calculaotfiw ohna ta weakepra rtmyi ghetx pecftr omap rinwcheo mi th ass up porteidnw arb,u te vent hilsi titlsce o ntradibcytw ehda t Machiaveslalyaisb oukte epinfga itihnC hapte1r8 a nd aboubte trayoinneg 'osl ds upportienrC sh apte2r0 .H e alsbor inugpsj ustaiscs eo methiindge ntiwciatlnh e cessity xi
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