The Price of Truth: How Money Affects the Norms of Science PDF
Preview The Price of Truth: How Money Affects the Norms of Science
the price of truth practical and professional ethics series Published in conjunction with the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics General Editors Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame Patrick E. Murphy, University of Notre Dame Published in the Series Practical Ethics Henry Sidgwick With an Introduction by Sissela Bok Thinking Like an Engineer Michael Davis Deliberative Politics Edited by Michael Macedo From Social Justice to Criminal Justice Edited by William C. Heffernan and John Kleinig Conflict of Interest in the Professions Edited by Michael Davis and Andrew Stark Meaningful Work Mike W. Martin From Morality to Mental Health Mike W. Martin The Price of Truth David Resnik the price of truth How Money Affects the Norms of Science david b. resnik 1 2007 3 OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurther OxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellence inresearch,scholarship,andeducation. Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright #2007 byOxford University Press, Inc. PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016 www.oup.com OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Resnik,DavidB. Thepriceoftruth:howmoneyaffectsthenormsofscience/DavidB.Resnik. p.cm.—(Practicalandprofessionalethicsseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-19-530978-2 ISBN-10:0-19-530978-2 1. Science—Moralandethicalaspects. 2. Research—Finance. 3. Research— Politicalaspects. 4. Scienceandstate. 5. Conflictofinterests. I. Title. II. Series. Q175.35.R472007 174'.95—dc22 2006040057 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper This book is dedicated to all the people who have sacrificed their lives in the search for truth. This page intentionally left blank acknowledgments I wrote the first draft of this book during the 2003–2004 academic year, when I was a professor of medical humanities at the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University (ECU). On July 26, 2004, I left my position at ECU and began working as a bioethicist attheNational Institute ofEnvironmentalHealthSciences (NIEHS), NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH).Theideasandopinionsexpressed in this book are my own, and do not represent the views of the NIEHS, the NIH, ECU, or the U.S. government. I would like to thank the following people for useful comments and discussions re- lated to this work: John Davis, Ken De Ville, Loretta Kopelman, Sheldon Krimsky, Helen Longino, Michael Resnik, Adil Shamoo, Richard Sharp, and several anonymous reviewers. This page intentionally left blank contents Abbreviations xi 1. Science and Mammon 3 2. The Norms of Science 35 3. Scientific Objectivity 52 4. Money and the Norms of Science 77 5. Conflicts of Interest: When Is Disclosure Not Enough? 109 6. Intellectual Property: Balancing Public and Private Interests 136 7. Publication: Openness and Accountability 154
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